大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)寫(xiě)作技巧.ppt

第六章 寫(xiě)作,第一節(jié) 基本介紹 第二節(jié) 作文框架 第三節(jié) 十句作文 第四節(jié) 常用句型,第一節(jié) 基本介紹,考試形式 考試內(nèi)容 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題,Back,考試形式,議論文 圖表作文 應(yīng)用文 120字，25-30分鐘，15分。,Back,考試內(nèi)容,議論文常見(jiàn)考試話題： 科技、教育、校園生活、就業(yè)、環(huán)境、交通、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象或熱點(diǎn)等 常見(jiàn)圖表作文： 線狀圖、餅狀圖、柱狀圖、流程圖、表格等，關(guān)于社會(huì)現(xiàn)象、教育、就業(yè)、科技、消費(fèi)、說(shuō)明流程、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等。 常見(jiàn)其他應(yīng)用文： 演講稿、書(shū)信、招聘、求職、失物招領(lǐng)等。,Back,評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),格式正確 結(jié)構(gòu)明了 觀點(diǎn)明確 語(yǔ)言通順 語(yǔ)法準(zhǔn)確 邏輯清楚 論證有力 語(yǔ)句、單詞、短語(yǔ)、長(zhǎng)短句、亮點(diǎn),Back,常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題,觀點(diǎn)模糊 主題膚淺 偏離題目 結(jié)構(gòu)雜亂 邏輯混亂 思路不清 語(yǔ)言不清 單詞錯(cuò)誤 句法紊亂 語(yǔ)法混淆,Back,第二節(jié) 作文框架,1、對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)型 2、問(wèn)題解決型 3、說(shuō)明利弊型 4、闡述主題型 5、圖表作文型 6、書(shū)信作文型 7、其它應(yīng)用文 8、作文框架練習(xí),Back,1、 對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)型,基本模式： 1）引出話題 一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為 另一種觀點(diǎn) 我的觀點(diǎn) 2）引出話題 一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為 我的態(tài)度 范文： Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Reading Selectively or Extensively. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 認(rèn)為讀書(shū)要有選擇 認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書(shū) 我的看法,范文,When it comes to the issue of reading selectively or extensively, different people have different opinions. It is held by some people that one should read selectively. But it is also believed by other people that one should read extensively. Those who hold the first opinion think that ones time and energy are limited and one can never read as many books as he wishes. In contrast, those who hold the second view that to know the world from all perspectives one should absorb a variety of knowledge by reading extensively. As to me, I agree with the former opinion. Admittedly, one can absorb more knowledge by reading extensively, but it doesnt follow that one should read without discrimination. As ones time and energy are limited, one should devote his limited time and energy to reading relevant and beneficial books. It is a waste of time to read irrelevant books. Furthermore, some books are harmful to ones mind. If we dont read books selectively, we will be led astray by harmful books.,練習(xí)1,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Will Fast Food soon Take Place of Chinese Traditional Food. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 洋快餐在中國(guó)日趨流行，很多人對(duì)此感到十分憂慮。如：傳統(tǒng)飲食習(xí)慣很快會(huì)被人們忘記等。 然而，我對(duì)洋快餐持肯定態(tài)度。 我認(rèn)為那些人的憂慮沒(méi)有必要。 Fast food But this trend has aroused some anxiety that Besides, some people think fast food can do harm to Although the popularity may cause some health problems, my attitude towards fast food is positive. The reasons are just as follows. For one thing,For another, As for the worry about the negative effect on Chinese traditional diet caused by fast food, in my opinion, In one sense,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Should Euthanasia Be Legalized? You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 有人贊成實(shí)行安樂(lè)死 有人反對(duì)安樂(lè)死合法化 我的看法 Should euthanasia be legalized? Answers to this question vary greatly. Some peopleOn one hand,On the other hand, However, other people think that the legalization may bring about some problems. Firstly,Secondly,Finally, In my opinion, theres some truth in both arguments,練習(xí)2,Back,2、 問(wèn)題解決型,基本模式: 1) 描述情況或問(wèn)題 分析問(wèn)題 我的對(duì)策和看法 2）提出問(wèn)題 分析各種解決辦法 結(jié)論 范文： Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Getting to know the World Outside the Campus. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 大學(xué)生了解社會(huì)的必要 了解社會(huì)的途徑（如大眾媒介，社會(huì)服務(wù)等） 我打算怎么做,范文,With the development of our society, the campus is no longer an “ivory tower” and students cant merely confine themselves to the campus. It is time for them to go out of the campus and know the world outside the “ivory tower”. For one thing, it can help the students have a better understanding of themselves so that they can modify their way in studies. For another, it will lay a solid foundation for their future career. Finally, they can enhance their abilities in management, organization and so on. There are many ways for students to get to know the outside world. Firstly, they can know the world from mass media, such as newspapers, TV, radio, magazines and advertisements which provide information about political events, social news, the latest development in science and technology and so forth. Second, they can know the world from social services, such as job-hunting and tutorship, which grant students wide opportunities to know the society. Third, students can also make some investigations in factories and villages, talking with the workers or farmers to learn their experiences. As a student, I think the first thing I should do is to study hard to lay a good foundation for my future job. The other thing I can do is to take some pert-time jobs to gain personal experience about the world outside the campus.,練習(xí)1,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Problem of Piracy. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 盜版現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重 盜版造成的不良后果 我對(duì)抵制盜版蔓延的看法。 Nowadays, the problems of For instance, Piracy has caused a great loss to legitimate products, inventors and writers in many ways in many ways. To start with What is more, pirated books In the long run, because In my opinion, it is high time that everyone started the battle against piracy. First, Besides, Finally, Only in this way can we wide the pirated products out of our life.,練習(xí)2,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: College English Teaching in China. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 有人認(rèn)為中國(guó)的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)很不成功（如大學(xué)英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)生英語(yǔ)說(shuō)不好，聽(tīng)不懂，寫(xiě)不出） 認(rèn)為失敗的原因是 你的建議 Nowadays, there are more and more people complaining that After four-year English learning, most graduates To some extent, I think, it is reasonable for those people to say so. To begin with, Secondly, Finally, .For instance, . In conclusion, Chinese college English teaching is to be reformed,Back,3、 說(shuō)明利弊型,基本模式： 描述某一現(xiàn)象或事務(wù) 分析其優(yōu)點(diǎn) 分析其缺點(diǎn) 我的態(tài)度看法 范文： Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Keeping A Pet. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 養(yǎng)寵物有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn) 寵物也會(huì)引起一些問(wèn)題 我的態(tài)度,范文,Nowadays it is common to see people keeping a pet. For one thing, pets are good companions. This is especially important for people who live alone and for the old who do not go out much. Some pets can also help to protect the house from thieves. For another, dogs and cats like to play and can give hours of amusement to children and adults. Taking care of an animal also helps children to develop a sense of responsibility and to learn about the nature, However, keeping a pet, just like anything else, has its negative side as well. It may also give rise to some problems. For example, some pets are dirty and tend to transmit some sort of disease, worst of all, some dogs may attack and seriously injure small children for the reason that their owners dont train them properly or actually encourage them to be aggressive. To sum up, there are more advantages than disadvantages to keeping a pet, especially for lonely people and children. Meanwhile, it is, however, quite necessary to bear in mind that pets should be well trained lest they attack people.,練習(xí)1,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Working at Homing. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 居家辦公又很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如節(jié)約上班往返時(shí)間等。 居家上班也有很多弊端，如孤獨(dú)感，混淆生活與工作等。 我的看法。 Nowadays, with the development of science and technology, particularly computer and telephone technology, it has been made a reality that Generally, people enjoy working at home for the following benefits. For one thing for another, Most agreeable of all, While working at home allows much more freedom than working in office, some problems cant be ignores. For example, . Besides, Whats more,. For all the possible problems arising from working at home, I still believe,練習(xí)2,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: My View in Reference Books. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 各種各樣的參考書(shū)給學(xué)生們的學(xué)習(xí)提供了一定的幫助。 但是過(guò)分依賴參考書(shū)會(huì)產(chǎn)生許多負(fù)面反應(yīng)。 我認(rèn)為 Nowadays students constantly find themselves flooded with all kinds of reference books. Reference books themselves are of no harm. Generally speaking, most of them For example, However, depending too much on reference books has many negative effects. To begin with, Besides, worst of all, In my opinion, we should,Back,4、 闡述主題型,基本模式： 揭示蘊(yùn)意 以例證展開(kāi)論證 結(jié)論（號(hào)召或建議） 范文： Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 社會(huì)上有不少假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品，為什么會(huì)有這種現(xiàn)象？ 舉例說(shuō)明假冒偽劣商品對(duì)消費(fèi)者個(gè)人，社會(huì)的危害。,范文,Nowadays there are countless fake commodities on the market. There are many reasons for this social phenomenon, but in general, they come down to three major ones. For one thing, producers can profit a lot by making fake commodities because the cost of producing fake commodities is much lower. For another, businessmen can also profit a lot by selling fake commodities. Perhaps the primary reason is that our legal system is not sound and the punishment of illegal producers and businessmen is not severe. Fake commodities do great harm to society. In general, the harms can be listed as follows. First, fake commodities damage the consumers interests they deserve. If something goes wrong with the fake commodities after consumers buy them, the consumer will not have easy access to various free services provided by the producers. Besides, they also harm the credits of businesses because consumers will distrust the shops which sell genuine commodities. Worst of all, they will bring about potential dangers because using fake commodities of inferior quality will cause accidents and endanger consumers lives. Anyway, it is high time that fake commodities were banned.,練習(xí)1,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 怎樣理解有志者事竟成？ 例如， 結(jié)論 There is an old saying that “Where there is a will, there is a way”, which means. In other words, For example, However,. As a result,. Therefore,“where there is a will, there is a way.”,練習(xí)2,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: My view on Discount. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 打折事商家吸引顧客一個(gè)手段。 近年來(lái)人們對(duì)商家打折的興趣日益減少 打折不是市場(chǎng)的萬(wàn)能藥。 Discount is But now There have been several reasons for this. For one thing, For another,. In my view, discount is not a cure-all for sellers,Back,5、圖表作文,范文： Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Students Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 圖所示為1990年，1995年，2000年某高校大學(xué)生使用計(jì)算機(jī)的情況，請(qǐng)描述起變化。 請(qǐng)說(shuō)明發(fā)生這些變化的原因（可從計(jì)算機(jī)的用途，價(jià)格和社會(huì)發(fā)展等方面加以說(shuō)明）。 你認(rèn)為目前大學(xué)生在使用計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)會(huì)有什么困難或問(wèn)題。,The above chart shows that students have easier access to computers. In 1990, college students spent less than two hours in a week on computers. In 1995, the number doubled and came to nearly four, and then increased dramatically to almost 20 hours in 2000. Several reasons account for the change. First, we are in the information age today. Computers are useful in editing and data processing; they make it easier for people to communicate with each other and they provide all sorts of information. Second, if a student wants to get a promising job after graduation, he must be good at computers. This stimulates the students interest in computers and encouraged them to have a good command of them. Third, the price is also an important factor. It cost much less to own a computer now. More and more students can afford them. But some problems also arise. Some students spend much time playing computer games and they pay no attention to their studies; some students would rather chat with others than explore information on the Internet. This will do harm to students. In a word, computers become very poplar among students now, and how to make full use of them had caused much discussion among people.,范文Student Use of Computers,練習(xí)1,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: People Spend Their Holiday. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline below: 1）上圖所示為1900年，1995年，2000年某城市人們度假方式的情況，請(qǐng)描述其變化。 2）請(qǐng)說(shuō)明其變化的原因 3）得出結(jié)論。 As can be seen from the table, the past decade has witnessed dramatic changes inWhileIt is obvious from the table that What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as follow. To start with, Whats more, Last but not least, In conclusion, More over,練習(xí)2,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Why Do Summer Holiday Become So Terrible? Study the following cartoon carefully, and you should write at least 120 words. You should write out the massage conveyed by the cartoon, and then give your comments. WHY DO SUMMER HOLIDAYS BECOME SO TERRIBLE Look at the picture! Summer holiday is coming, but the boy is very unhappy. He is imagining a picture that is sure to happen in his summer holiday: He will have to study all along. He will study English, computer, drawing, piano, and many other subjects. Interesting activities such as swimming or playing games with friends will be out of the question. He cant help singing, “summer holiday is so terrible!” Why do summer holiday become so terrible? There are mainly two reasons, I think. The first, parents who have no summer holidays are always very busy. They are afraid that it will be dangerous for their children to go out to play without adults company. The second, parents are always expecting their child to know more than other children and have a better future. So they press their children to study hard in holidays. A man with a better future wont be a “study machine”. So, let children have a happy summer holiday. It is a good idea to send children to summer campus in summer holidays. They can know more about the world while smiling happily.,Back,6、 書(shū)信作文,首先判斷是事務(wù)書(shū)信還是個(gè)人書(shū)信，前者要求格式嚴(yán)格，語(yǔ)言正式。要注意書(shū)信的格式。 1）稱呼。稱呼后正式信函用冒號(hào)，非正式信函用逗號(hào)。正式信函稱呼是：Dear+頭銜姓；非正式信函稱呼是：Dear名字。正式信函中若不知收信人的性別和姓名，可用：Dear Sir/Madam：或 To Whom It may concern: 2）祝福語(yǔ)。正式信函無(wú)須客套話，若是朋友之間的信函，在正文語(yǔ)落款之間可以寫(xiě)一句祝福語(yǔ)。如：Best regards, Best wishes, With lots of love. 3）結(jié)尾客套語(yǔ)。首字母大寫(xiě)，后接逗號(hào)。收信人若是上級(jí)，可用Yours respectfully,或 Respectfully yours; 收信人若是親友，可用 Yours affectionately, Love, With love, Lovingly yours, Yours most affectionate, Your most devoted, Your loving mother, ect；若是朋友，可以說(shuō)Yours sincerely/cordially/faithfully/ever等。 4）署名。若是熟人，只寫(xiě)名字即可；給長(zhǎng)輩或上級(jí)，屬全名，并在全名前加Mr、Mrs、Miss、Ms。 5）附件。在署名下隔兩行以“Encl”標(biāo)明；若有多個(gè)附件，以“Encls.”標(biāo)明。 如：Encls： A copy of my resume and a recommendation by Prof.Wang 6）附言。以P.S.標(biāo)明。如：P.S. Do you know the new address of Peter? If yes, please let me know.(正式問(wèn)題避免，以免留下不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)形象) 7）兩種書(shū)信內(nèi)文格式。,全部塊狀結(jié)構(gòu),409 Northeast Twelfth Avenue Irving, Texas 75060 U.S.A February 12,1996 The Manager, Park Hotel, Brighton, England Dear Sir or Madam: I am writing at the suggestion of a friend who stayed at your hotel last year and has warmly recommended it to me. I expect to arrive in Brighton on June 23rd and would like a single room with a private bath. I shall be staying for five days and would like to have all my meals at your hotel. Would you please let e know whether you have a room available and how much may my stay is likely to cost? I shall be looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours very truly, Carol Hopper,變體塊狀結(jié)構(gòu),409 Northeast Twelfth Avenue Irving, Texas 75060 U.S.A February 12,1996 The Manager, Park Hotel, Brighton, England Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing at the suggestion of a friend who stayed at your hotel last year and has warmly recommended it to me. I expect to arrive in Brighton on June 23rd and would like a single room with a private bath. I shall be staying for five days and would like to have all my meals at your hotel. Would you please let e know whether you have a room available and how much may my stay is likely to cost? I shall be looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours very truly, Carol Hoppe,范文,Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an application letter: You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 假如你是一名大學(xué)生，打算在暑假打工，請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一封求職信，內(nèi)容可以包括你想申請(qǐng)的職位，你的資歷以及興趣愛(ài)好等。 Dear Sir or Madam, I wish to apply for the position of a part-time assistant you advertised in Qianjiang Evening during the coming summer vacation. I am a student of zhejiang University, which is only five-minutes walk from your shop. I feel that my qualifications and work experience make me a suitable candidate for the job, which, according to the advertisement, demands a multi-lingual person with some experience. Chinese is my mother language, and I have a fair mastery of English. As a keen traveler, I have learned some Japanese and French, and have acquired an understanding of the cultures of Japan and France. As for experience, I worked part-time as a waiter in a pizza hut. Therefore, I am confident that you will find my service satisfactory. Incidentally, could you please inform me of the rate of payment? I hope you will take my application into consideration favorably and entitle me to an interview at your convenience. I can be reached at 88888880. Thank you for considering my application again. I am looking forward to your reply and, eventually, meeting you. Yours sincerely, Johnson Gordon,Back,7、其它應(yīng)用文,Back,8、作文框架練習(xí) My View on-,框架1 Peoples views /ideas/opinions on - vary from person to person. Some people think that- They hold this opinion because - However, others hold that- As to me, I am in favor of the first/second idea. The following are the reasons of / for my choice /personal inclination. First, while it is true that-, it doesnt mean that-. Besides,-Admittedly, -but this is not to say that- Therefore/ In a word/ from the foregoing,- 作文： Peoples views on donating blood vary from person to person. Some people think that it is glorious to donate blood. They hold this views because those who are in urgent need of blood can be saved. But others hold that it is foolish for people to donate blood. In their opinion, blood is very precious and losing 200ml or more may do harm to their health. As to me, I agree with the first opinion. The reasons of my choice are as follows. First, while it is true that loss of too much blood is dangerous to ones health, it doesnt mean that donating a little blood is also harmful. On the contrary, doctors say that donating a little blood can promote metabolism. Second, there are many people who need our help. If my little blood can pull back somebody on the way to death, will there be anything that can make me even happier? Therefore, donating blood is glorious. 框架2 Different people have different views on -It is held that-But it is also held that Those who hold the first opinion-In contrast, those who hold the second view- As to me, I agree with the latter opinion. Admittedly, but this is not to say that,框架：Nowadays, -plays an important part/role in-(is /are popular around us). Like everything else, -has/have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows. First, -Besides,-Most important of all.- But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with,-To