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1、Grammar and usageDirect speech and reported speech&Reported speech:statements,questions and imperative sentences Look at the following sentences:Tom:What are you going to do this summer holiday?Amy:I am going to travel to Beijing with my parents.Now try to answer:What did Amy say?Amy said that she w
2、as going to travel to Beijing with her parents.What is the difference between direct speech and reported speech?Direct speech is to report what exactly has been said while reported speech or indirect speech is to report what has been said without using exact words.How can we change direct speech int
3、o reported speech?We can change direct speech into reported speech by using an object clause or an infinitive phrase.For example:He said,Im used to such embarrassing comments.He said that he was used to such embarrassing comments.We must not give up in the face of pressure!she said.She encouraged us
4、 not to give up in the face of pressure.Besides the major changes in sentence structure,there are also changes in:Personal pronouns Tenses Adverbials of time and place Other casesPersonal pronouns:She said,I did some research.She said that she had done some research.Ann said,I have finished this let
5、ter.Ann said that she had finished that letter.Direct speechReported speechSimple presentSimple pastSimple futureFuture in the pastSimple pastPast perfectHow to change the tenses:Direct speechReported speechPresent continuous Past continuousPresent perfectPast perfectPast perfectPast perfectLight tr
6、avels at a great speed,said Ms Li.Ms Li said that light travels at a great speed.Tips:We do not change the tense when we report a proverb or a fact that doesnt change over time.Adverbials of time and place:e.g.Tom said,I am working here today.Tom said he was working there that day.The following tabl
7、e shows other examples:Direct speechReported speechtodaytomorrowyesterdaynext montha week agothat day/yesterday,etc.the next day/the following day,etc.the day before/the previous day,etc.the month after/the following montha week before/a week earlier,etc.Other cases:Some more examples of the changes
8、:Direct speechReported speechthisthesecomethatthosegoRead the advertisement and complete the letter on Page 9.Answers:1._ 2._ 3._4._ 5._ 6._7._ 8._ 9._ 10._waswould behad readthatwouldhad boughtthatwouldthoseherReported speech:statements,questions and imperative sentences1.Statements We use noun cla
9、uses introduced by that to report statements.The word that can be omitted.e.g.She said(that)advertisements were almost everywhere nowadays.There are more reporting verbs other than say and tell:advise explain insist promiseannounce suggest warne.g.The write explained that PSAs were often run for fre
10、e.We use noun clauses introduced by whether/if to report yes/no questions.e.g.Matt asked Ann,Does Jason deserve this ward?Matt asked Ann whether/if Jason deserved this award.2.QuestionsWe use noun clauses introduced by wh-words to report wh-questions.e.g.Where did you find the advertisements for job
11、s abroad?Bill asked.Bill asked where I had found the advertisements for jobs abroad.3.Imperative sentences To report imperative sentences,we can use the structure:reporting verb+object+(not)+to infinitivee.g.The candidate said to the manager,Please give me five minutes for preparation.The candidate
12、asked the manager to give him five minutes for preparation.There are other verbs that can be used in this structure to report imperative sentences:advise encourage invite recommend warne.g.Dont believe every advertisement you read,Michelle said to me.Michelle advised me not to believe every advertis
13、ement I read.總總 結(jié)結(jié)1.如果直接引語是一個(gè)陳述句，變成間接如果直接引語是一個(gè)陳述句，變成間接 引語時(shí)用引語時(shí)用that引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)也可省略。引導(dǎo)，有時(shí)也可省略。e.g.She said,Father,the boy is very naughty now.She told her father(that)the boy was very naughty then.2.如果直接引語是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g如果直接引語是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g 接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。e.g.Light travels much faster than sound,she said to me y
14、esterday.She told me the day before that light travels much faster than sound.3.如果直接引語中有明確表示過去的如果直接引語中有明確表示過去的 時(shí)間狀語，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，一時(shí)間狀語，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，一 般過去時(shí)不必變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)。般過去時(shí)不必變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)。e.g.He said,The great inventor was born in 1884.He told me that the great inventor was born in 1884.4.如果直接引語是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g如果直接引語是一般疑問句
15、，變?yōu)殚g 接引語時(shí)用接引語時(shí)用whether/if 引導(dǎo)，且用陳述引導(dǎo)，且用陳述 句語序。句語序。e.g.She asked me,Are you the happiest person in your family?She asked me whether/if I was the happiest person in my family.5.如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接 引語時(shí)，仍用該特殊疑問詞，用陳述句引語時(shí)，仍用該特殊疑問詞，用陳述句 語序。語序。e.g.She asked me,When will the advertisements be o
16、n air?She asked me when the advertisements would be on air.6.轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時(shí)使用該結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)述祈使句時(shí)使用該結(jié)構(gòu):轉(zhuǎn)述轉(zhuǎn)述 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞(ask/tell/order/advise/remind/warn/insist/suggest/invite/encourage)+賓語賓語+(not)to do e.g.Go and see a doctor after class,my teacher said to me.My teacher advised me to go and see a doctor after class.Read Par
17、t A on Page 11 and practise reporting questions using whether/if or wh-words.Answers:2.Wang Qin _ _.3.Lu Kai _ _.asked how it could help him remember English words.asked whether/if it taught listening and speaking 4.Liu Fang _ _ _.5.Gu Jin _ _.asked what the designerwould do if she was not satisfied
18、with the softwareasked whether/if it was easyto useRead the advertising tips on Page 11 and report each of them to your boss.Answers:2.The expert encourages us to _.3.The expert recommends that _.use interesting and attractive photoswe(should)use eye-catching logos4.The expert suggests that _ _ _.5.
19、The expert tells us to _ _.we(should)make the slogans short and easymake good useof colours to attract peoples attentionto remember選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1.My classmate asked me _.A.had I seen the film three days ago B.had I seen the film three days beforeC.if I had seen the film three days a
20、go D.whether I had seen the film three days before2.He asked me _ with me.A.what the matter is B.what the matter was C.what is the matter D.what was the matter3.My friend really didnt know _ to help the dying boy.A.what he could do B.how could he doC.whether he can do D.what can he did4.Shelly asked
21、 Andy _ water the flowers while she was away.A.didnt forget to B.dont forget toC.not to forget to D.not forget to5.She exclaimed(驚呼驚呼)_.A.what a difficult task it wasB.what it was a difficult task C.what difficult task it wasD.what task it was difficult將下列直接引語改為間接引語。將下列直接引語改為間接引語。1.Mother said to he
22、r little daughter,The earth is not flat but round.Mother told her little daughter(that)the earth is not flat but round.2.He asked,How are you getting along with your studies these days,Mary and Jane?He asked Mary and Jane how they were getting along with their studies those days.3.“Alice,you feed th
23、e baby,”Mother said.Mother asked Alice to feed the baby.4.“Lets have a rest,”our teacher said.Our teacher suggested(that)we have a rest.5.“Dont make this kind of foolish mistake again,”she said to me.She told/warned me not to make that kind of foolish mistake again.Finish Part C2 on Page 92 of the Workbook.Preview the Task.
牛津高中英語模塊四Unit 1 Grammar and usage課件
