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1、英語重結(jié)構(gòu)，漢語重語義。,“就句子的結(jié)構(gòu)而論，西洋語言是法治的，中國語言是人治的?！?-王力,文章,段落,句子,詞組,單詞,句子成分,主語,謂語,賓語,狀語,定語,補語,表語,句子的成分,表示句子所說的是 “什么人”或“什么事物”,主 語,Gina is from Australia. She often goes to the movies. Three is enough. Doing the work is hard for him. To see is to believe. What he needs is a book.,-名詞 -代詞 -數(shù)詞 -動名詞 -不定式 -主語從句,主語
2、在哪里,The young should respect the old.,Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.,What he has said is true.,Seeing is believing.,說明主語“做什么” 或“怎么樣”, 謂語通常是動詞。,主謂要一致,謂 語,We love China.,He has a bad cold.,We have finished reading this book.,謂語在哪里,They can speak English well.,助動詞和情態(tài)動詞須和實義動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語,He looked after
3、 two boys.,They enjoyed playing computer games.,表示動作, 行為的對象 說明主語“做什么”,賓 語,He is looking at the dog.,賓語一般放在及物動詞或介詞后,賓 語,Tom teaches us English.,雙賓語,人是間接賓語，物是直接賓語,My brother hasnt done his homework. A B C D,賓語在哪里,I bought a computer last week. A B C D,說明主語“是什么”, “怎么樣” 位于系動詞之后,表 語,Her mother is a teach
4、er.,The food tastes delicious.,He always kept silent at meeting.,系動詞,狀態(tài)系動詞 表示主語狀態(tài)、身份等，主要有be。,I am hungry.,持續(xù)系動詞 表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay等。,He became mad after that.,系動詞,感官系動詞 主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。,This flower smells very sweet.,變化系動詞 表示主語變化，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, g
5、et, go, come等。,找出表語,Every thing looks nice.,His face turned red.,He is happy.,修飾名詞或代詞,定 語,Shes a good basketball player.,Whats your name?,The girl with long hair is my sister.,找出定語,Some people forgot to sweep the floor. A B C D,The man downstairs was trying to sleep. A B C D,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句, 說明時間、地點、
6、方式、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、頻率、伴隨、目的等。,狀 語,The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machines.,He sat there quietly.,找出狀語,He began writing when he was eleven. A B C D,There was a big smile on her face. A B C D,用來補充說明賓語的情況,賓語 補足語,We elected him our monitor.,He asked her to take the boy out of school.,I
7、 saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. A B C D,They call me Lily sometimes. A B C D,找出賓補,I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday., 主語, 謂 語, 定語, 賓 語, 同位語, 狀 語,Summary,練習:翻譯下面的句子并判斷是哪種句型 太陽升起來了。(rise) 她喜歡看書。 他的臉紅了。(turn red) 4. 我給他看我的照片。 5. 他們把門漆成綠色。(paint),練習:翻譯下面的句子并判斷是哪種句型 太陽從東方升起來了。(rise) 她喜歡看書。
8、他的臉紅了。(turn red) 4. 我給他看我的照片。 5. 他們把門漆成綠色。(paint),The sun has risen in the east. She enjoys reading. His face turned red. I showed him my pictures. They painted the door green.,簡單句的五種基本句型,1 主語+謂語（不及物動詞）（S+Vi型）,He came. She dances.,yesterday evening.,two hours.,in the past ten years.,1她昨天回家很晚。,2會議將持續(xù)
9、兩個小時。,3在過去的十年里，（在）我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。,She went home,very late,The meeting will last,Great changes have taken place,in my home town,鞏固練習：,2 主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語(S+Vt+O),I saw her. They like watching TV.,1昨晚我寫了一封信。,2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?3這本書他讀過多次了,4他們成功地完成了計劃。,5那位先生能流利地說三種語言。,I wrote a letter,last night.,I want to talk
10、with you,this afternoon.,He has read this book,many times.,They have carried out the plan,successfully.,That gentleman can speak three languages,fluently.,鞏固練習：,簡單句的基本句型3 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu),3 主語+ 謂語+ 間接賓語+直接賓語 (S+Vt+IO+DO) (IO indirect),I gave her a book. She showed her friends all the pictures.,漢譯英練習 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu) 說明：
11、由主語+及物謂語動詞+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（事物）組成。如， He brings me cookies every day. She made me a beautiful dress. 但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for,如，,He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。 用for 側(cè)重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。,常跟雙賓語的動詞有： （需借助to的）bring, give, lend, h
12、and, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。 （需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。,1Johnson 先生去年教我們德語。 2奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。 3請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？ 4他把車票給列車員看。,Mr Johnson taught us German,last year.,Grandma told me an interesting
13、 story,last night.,Would you please pass me the dictionary?,He showed the ticket to the conductor.,4 主語+連系動詞+表語(S+V+P),I am a student. She looks very young.,英語基本句型-4主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 本結(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+系動詞+表語組成，主要用以說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動詞有: 1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的 remain, st
14、ay, keep, continue, stand; 3.表示狀態(tài)變化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;,鞏固練習： 1冬季白天短，夜晚長 2十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。 3孩子們很少保持安靜。 4她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。,In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.,At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.,Children seldom keep quiet.,Her job is to look a
15、fter the children in the nursery.,5 主語+謂語+賓語+賓補 (S+Vt+O+OC),I asked Mary to help me. We call our headmaster a wise man.,鞏固練習： 1我們叫她Alice. 2我們大家都認為他是誠實的。 3他們把小偷釋放了。 4我要你把真相告訴我。 5 .衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。 6. 每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。 7他每個月理一次發(fā) 8我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。,We call her Alice.,All of us considered him honest.,They have s
16、et the thief free.,I want you to tell me the truth.,The guards ordered us to leave at once.,Every morning we hear him read English aloud.,He has his hair cut once a month.,We wont let her go out at night.,請說出下列句子類型。,1.Summer is coming. 2.They are drinking water. 3.He showed me a new TV set. 4.She to
17、ld me what to do. 5.The weather is very cold.,S+V,S+V+C,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O+C,S+V+P,英語基本句型6 There be 句型,英語基本句型6 There be 句型 說明： 此句型是由“there+be+主語+其他”構(gòu)成，用以表達存在關(guān)系可以稱“有”。 它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無實際語意。 此句型有時不用be動詞，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如： There stands a hill
18、in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.,be 與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如： 現(xiàn)在有 There is/are 過去有 There was/were 將來有 There will be； There is /are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 There has/have been 可能有 There might be. 肯定有 There must be There must have been. 過去曾經(jīng)有 There used to
19、be 似乎有 There seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 There happen/happens/happened to be ,鞏固練習： 1這個村子過去只有一口井。 2客人當中有兩名美國人和兩名法國人。 3天氣預(yù)報說下午有大風。 4燈亮著，辦公室里肯定有人。 5戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的.,Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.,The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.,The light is on. There must be someone in the office.,There used to be a cinema here before the war.,There was only a well in the village.,Thank you,讀一讀,
《英語句子成分》PPT課件.ppt
