高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 簡單句的五種基本句型課件.ppt

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1、英語簡單句的 五種基本句型,1. They work hard. 2. The desk feels hard. 3. Plants need water. 4. He gave me some seeds. 5. We should keep the plants in the shade.,1.They work hard. 主 + 謂 2.The desk feels hard. 主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water. 主 + 謂 + 賓,4.He gave me some seeds. 主 + 謂 + 直賓 + 介賓 5.We should keep the pl

2、ants in the shade. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ),英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。,英語五種基本句型： 1.+ (主謂) 2.+ (主系表) 3.+ (主謂賓) 4.+IO +D(主謂間賓 直賓） 5.+ + +O(主謂賓 賓補(bǔ)),基本句型 一 +（主謂） 此句型的句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。 這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。,練習(xí),1鳥在飛翔。 2她的寶寶在哭。 3太陽正在落山。 4誰也沒笑。,Birds are flying.,Her baby is

3、crying.,The sun is setting.,No one laughed.,練習(xí)2,5你唱得很美。 6 我咳了一夜。 7 我們很少在外邊吃飯。 8 昨天發(fā)生了事故。,You sing beautifully.,I coughed all night.,We seldom dine out.,The accident occurred yesterday.,常用的不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.) run, swim, jump, rise, laugh, fly, come, go等。 屬性動(dòng)詞: wash, sell, record, wear, read, write等與well, easi

4、ly等副詞連用，也構(gòu)成主謂。,基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 此句型的句子謂語動(dòng)詞不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。,Our school became larger and larger.,city/become/beautiful feel/happy,主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語,練習(xí),1今天我感覺不太舒服。 2 他看上去很累。 3 你的湯味道很好。 4 她似乎對(duì)計(jì)劃不感興趣。,I dont feel very well today.,He looks very tired.,Your soup tastes

5、 very good.,She doesnt seem very interested in the plan.,5 天越來越冷了。 6 孩子不久就睡著了。 7 他長得相當(dāng)高了。 8 聽到這消息她臉色變得蒼白。,Its getting cold.,Soon the child fell asleep.,She went pale at the news.,He has grown quite tall.,系動(dòng)詞主要分三類： be, look, feel, smell, taste, sound seem, appear get, grow, become, turn, go, come, pr

6、ove (turn out) stay, keep, remain be 本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義,基本句型 三 + +（主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。,knows laughs at understands made ate want said,練習(xí)1,1過去二十年我們?nèi)〉昧撕艽蟮某删汀?2 他們很快控制了病情。 3 他們只是在建空中樓閣。,Weve achieved a lot in the past twen

7、ty years.,They soon controlled the disease.,They are just building castles in the air.,4 我十分欣賞你們的表演。 5 顧客要求退款。 6 這會(huì)造成錯(cuò)誤的印象。 7 我們總是交換圣誕節(jié)禮物的。,I enjoyed every minute of your performance.,The customer demanded a refund.,We always exchange Christmas gifts.,That will create a wrong impression.,基本句型 四 +IO

8、+D(主謂間賓直賓) 此句型的句子謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是指人，另一個(gè)是指物, 通常指人的賓語用一個(gè)介詞（to或for）來連接，當(dāng)指人的賓語在指物的賓語之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被省略。,My friend lent me this book last week.,owe/money/last year buy/bicycle/next Christmas tell/news/the day before yesterday,主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 S + V +(sb)+(sth),練習(xí),1 她給我們唱了一首英文歌曲。 2 我去給你沏點(diǎn)新鮮茶。 3

9、這會(huì)省去你很多麻煩。 4 請(qǐng)幫我把今天的報(bào)紙拿來。,She sang us an English song.,Ill make you some fresh tea.,That will save you a lot of trouble.,Please fetch me todays paper.,4 把車鑰匙遞給我。 5 把你們的計(jì)劃用傳真發(fā)給我們。 6 你可否把書單用電子郵件發(fā)給我？ 7 把那本書扔給我。,Hand me the car key.,Please fax us your plans.,Throw me that book.,Can you e-mail me the boo

10、k list?,常用的帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞,常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞,give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send,cost make, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find等。,take, give, teach, bring, lend, mail, offer, pass, hand, sell, send, show, throw, answer, award, write, grant, permit, promise, pay,

11、do, buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing,基本句型 五 +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） 此句型的句子特點(diǎn)是： 動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語才能使意思完整。,keep painted call found makes saw asked saw,主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語 S + V + (O) + (OC),I found him lying in bed.,hear/cry/next room,notice/thief/ste

12、al/house,feel/building/shake,see/trees/plant/mountain,I obliged him to do his homework.,he/teach/pupils/speak/English she/advise/him/listen/every day she/allow/me/use/dictionary,主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語 S + V + (O) + (OC),She thinks it right for her to do so.,consider/wrong find/difficult think/a good idea,

13、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+ 賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語 S + V + (O) + (OC),練習(xí)1,1我們把窗框漆成了黃色。 2 她把連衣裙染成淡藍(lán)色。 3 他發(fā)現(xiàn)這工作很有意思。 4 什么使你這樣生氣？,We painted the window frames yellow.,She dyed her dress light blue.,He found the job quite interesting.,What made you so angry?,5 我們必須在半小時(shí)內(nèi)把晚飯做好。 6 你們必須保持房間干凈。 7 我認(rèn)為這沒有必要。 8 不久他們就把她釋放了。,We must get the supp

14、er ready in half an hour.,You must keep the room clean.,Soon they set her free.,I dont think it necessary.,常用的帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞 think, consider, feel, find, have, see, hear, notice, get, leave, ask, tell,etc.,典型句子分析,除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞

15、短語）。,We found the hall full. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。,We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an impo

16、rtant report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢的重要報(bào)告。,不同的動(dòng)詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)掌握動(dòng)詞的類型。 Hes getting angry. (S V P) Youll get a surprise. (S V O),He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O OC) He got himself into trouble. (S V O

17、 OC) He got her a splendid present. (S V IO DO),比 較 I found the book easily. （S V O AD) I found the book easy. (S V O OC),He often looks very careful. He often looks carefully at me.,S V P,S V prep O,Even though there may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long, the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is.,S+V+P,