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1、English Literature,Old English literature Middle English Literature Early Morden English literature English Renaissance The Seventeenth Century The Eighteenth Century,What is literature ?,A kind of creative writing To convey a personal experience to reader,Literature: is a kind of creative writing t
2、hat conveys a personal experience to reader,Emily Dickinson(1830-1886),“If I read a book and it makes my whole body so cold no fire can ever warm me, I know that is poetry. If I feel physically as if the top of my head were taken off, I know that is poetry. These are the only ways I know it. Is ther
3、e any other way?”,A Grain of Sand (William Blake),To see a world in a grain of sand， And a heaven in a wild flower， Hold infinity in the palm of your hand， And eternity in an hour.,Dreams Langston Hughes,Hold fast to dreamsFor if dreams dieLife is a broken-winged birdThat cannot fly. Hold fas
4、t to dreamsFor when dreams goLife is a barren fieldFrozen with snow.,E.E. Cummings l(a le af fa ll s) one l Iness,The Furthest Distance In The World,The furthest distance in the world Is not between life and death But when I stand in front of you Yet you dont know that I love you The furthest distan
5、ce in the world Is not when i stand in font of you Yet you cant see my love But when undoubtedly knowing the love from both Yet cannot Be togehter,Tagore,The furthest distance in the world Is not being apart while being in love But when plainly can not resist the yearning Yet pretending You have nev
6、er been in my heart,The furthest distance in the world Is not when painly cannot resist the yearning yet pretending you have never been in my heartBut using ones indifferent heart To dig an uncrossable river For the one who loves you,The Old English,Native people: Celts The cult of mistletoe,Mistlet
7、oe in an apple tree in Essex, England,,Mistletoe seeds,,,,Why is there a worship of tree?,The power of life Fertility generative forces,圖騰崇拜,人們把某種動(dòng)植物或其他事物當(dāng)作自己的氏族，部落民族有某種血緣關(guān)系，那么這種事物就叫做“圖騰”。人們把圖騰作為神袛對(duì)待，并加以神化祭祀，被成為圖騰信仰或圖騰崇拜。圖騰崇拜是原始宗教信仰發(fā)展到一定歷史階段的產(chǎn)物，是在原始社會(huì)后期產(chǎn)生的，它融于自然崇拜，動(dòng)植物崇拜，鬼神崇拜，祖先崇拜為一體，在世界原始民族中都曾普遍盛行
8、。,中國(guó)古代的圖騰崇拜,55B.C.---407A.D. Roman invasion 450A.D onward the invasion of the Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, and Jutes) The legendary stories of the Celtic King Arthur Around 8th century the invasion of Danes the stories of King Alfred the Great 1066 the Norman Conquest,,,Caedmon: the first Ang
9、lo-Saxon poet Paraphrase,Venerable Bede: the father of the English history The Ecclesiastical History of the English People,The old English poem:,Beowulf National epic: a story or adventure of great people or heroes,Beowulf is the longest poem that has comedown to us from Old English, one of t
10、he languages ancestral to Modern English. It is seen as a song ofpraise for a great king:,Hwt! We Gardena in geardagumeodcyninga rym gefrunonhu a elingas ellen fremedon. modern English: Lo! Of the Spear-Danes, in days of yore,we have heard; of the glory of the peoples kings,how the noble ones did de
11、eds of valour.,Beowulf: an Anglo-Saxon or Englands national epic of 3182 lines.,An epic is a long narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating and celebrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the past history
12、 of a nation.,Encounter with Grendel, the monster,,,Encounter with Grendels mother,,Encounter with the fire-dragon,Middle English Literature,The results of the Norman Conquest,Three languages existed Latin------ church and academia French----- government and court English----- English people and
13、oral literature,Romance the Legend of King Arthur Sir Gawain and the Green Knight The Quest for the Holy Grail,Who is Arthur?,Arthur is the semi-legendary 6th-century king of the Britons who fought against the invading Anglo-Saxons. According to legend, Arthur was the son of Uther Pendragon, k
14、ing of Britain. Kept in obscurity during childhood, he was suddenly presented to the people as their king. He gathered a great company of knights in his court and discussed problems with them at a round table.,,Why is there the round table?,The Arthurian legends great influence on western cultures a
15、nd manners.,,Chivalry is an idealization of virtue, a marriage of military prowess and courtesy, a sense of justice and honour.,Chivalry simply means in its primitive sense: service on horseback. It is derived from the French word cheval, a word in itself derived from the Latin. The word knight is d
16、erived from the Saxon for a servant, the attendants of a feudal lord.,The title “Sir,” which is prefixed to the Christian names of all knights, is held in great honour, and is of high antiquity.,The knight swore to accomplish the duties of his station and live by his chivalric virtues, The knight is
17、 a person in search of justice and humility.,A green knight enters Arthurs court,A green knight enters Arthurs court,,The green knight looks courageous and frightened as well.,Gawain is seduced by the hostess, who turns to be the wife of the green knight.,What can we get form Gawains adventure?,The
18、quest of the Holy Grail,The legend of the Holy Grail is one of the most enduring in Western European literature and art. The Grail was said to be the cup of the Last Supper and at the Crucifixion to have received blood flowing from Christs side. The Celtic Myth--- Caldron,The search for the vessel b
19、ecame the principal quest of the knights of King Arthur.,西歐另一個(gè)家喻戶曉的神話，就是成立圓桌武士的亞瑟王(KingArthur)，曾3次駕駛他的魔船環(huán)繞死亡島航行，島上有6000名土兵把守，亞 瑟王的武士與島上的士兵爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)，最后只剩下亞瑟王與他的7名武士生還，但他們成功奪得那只大鍋。由于圓桌武士后來(lái)的墮落，那只大鍋從他們當(dāng)中消失了。直等到圓桌武士蘭斯洛(Lancelot)之子，十全十美的加拉赫特爵士(SirGalahad)，因著他的純潔，成功尋回圣物，但故事來(lái)到這里大鍋搖身一變，成了圣杯。,第一個(gè)有關(guān)圣杯傳說(shuō)的故事是法國(guó)詩(shī)人克雷蒂安(ChretiandeTroyes)在12世紀(jì)末寫成的。 1218年，德國(guó)詩(shī)人艾森巴克(WolframvonEschenbach)寫德文版史詩(shī)巴斯庫(kù)(Perceval)，又將圣殿騎士(KnightsTemplars)加入其中，成為圣杯守護(hù)人。,到了15世紀(jì)末，馬洛禮爵士(SirThomasMalory)寫亞瑟王之死(LaMortedArthur) 。,到了20世紀(jì)，圣杯傳---IndianaJones圣戰(zhàn)奇兵。 21世紀(jì)初，丹布朗將圣杯與騎士再度包裝，即達(dá)芬奇的密碼。,
《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》PPT課件.ppt
