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I 數(shù)控鏟磨床縱向進給系統(tǒng)的設計 摘 要 鏟磨床是滾刀、成型銑刀等復雜刀具的精加工機床。由于傳統(tǒng)鏟磨床加工 精度下降、生產(chǎn)效率低，工人勞動強度大，本設計對傳統(tǒng)鏟磨床的縱向進給機 構(gòu)進行數(shù)控化改造來改善其上述不足之處。 通過對目前工廠中傳統(tǒng)的鏟磨床進行研究，參考數(shù)控機床的相關(guān)文獻，了 解鏟磨床縱向進給部分的工作原理，并深入分析鏟磨床在加工的過程中各個零 部件的受力情況，按壽命計算選擇了絲杠的尺寸規(guī)格，并校核了額定動載荷、 傳動效率、剛度，最終選擇了漢江機床廠生產(chǎn)的滾珠絲杠。通過對主軸受力的 分析選擇了用推力球軸承承受軸向力，用深溝球軸承承受徑向力的形式。導軌 的選取參考了漢江機床廠生產(chǎn)的滾動導軌，對導軌的壽命以及額定載荷進行了 校核，均能滿足要求。電機根據(jù)滾珠絲杠的導程計算出的最高轉(zhuǎn)速，和傳動過 程中的最大轉(zhuǎn)矩選取了富士公司的伺服電機并對轉(zhuǎn)動慣量進行了校核。由于采 用了閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)，在查閱了光柵尺的相關(guān)參數(shù)后，選擇 FAGOR 公司的光柵尺能使 在規(guī)定的行程內(nèi)定位分辨率達到要求。 通過上述設計實現(xiàn)了鏟磨床縱向進給系統(tǒng)的數(shù)控化改造，滿足了加工精度 的要求，具有加工穩(wěn)定可靠，效率高等優(yōu)點。 關(guān)鍵詞: 數(shù)控鏟磨床;縱向進給系統(tǒng);精加工;閉環(huán)系統(tǒng) II Design of Longitudinal Feed System of CNC Relief Grinding Machine Abstract CNC relief grinding machine is a complex tool finishing machine for hobbing cutter, formed mill cutter. Because traditional relief grinding machines accuracy and production efficiency is low, the workers labor intensity is too big .The purpose of the numerical control reformation for the longitudinal feed system of traditional relief grinding machine is to improve the performance. After the traditional relief grinding machine had been researched in the factory at present, and reference related literature of CNC machine tools, The longitudinal feed part of relief grinding machine of working principle, and in-depth analysis of relief grinding machine in the process of machining force situation of every parts and components. According to the life of screw，chosed the size of screw. And checked the dynamic load rating, transmission efficiency, stiffness. Ultimately chose the ball screw produced by Hanjiang Machine Tool Factory . Through the analysis of the force acting on the spindle. A thrust ball bearing under axial force had been chosed, and a deep groove ball bearings bear radial force. With reference to the rolling guide produced by Hanjiang Machine Tool Factory, and calculating the life of rail and rated load, All parameters of guide can satisfied the requirements. According to the highest speed of the motor which is calculated according to the lead of ball screw and maximum torque of transmission process, The servo motor Fuji Corp had been chosed. And the moment of inertia is checked. Due to the adoption of the closed-loop system, the related parameters of grating ruler lookup, The grating ruler produced by FAGOR company had been chosed, which can satisfied that Positioning resolution meet the requirements stipulated in the distance. Through the design , Implementation of the NC transformation of relief grinding machine longitudinal feed system, It meets the requirement of processing precision , and the processing is stable and reliable, high efficiency. III Key words:CNC relief grinding machine; Longitudinal feed system; Finish machining;Closed loop system IV 目 錄 1 緒論 .........................................................................................................................1 1.1 概述 .......................................................................................................................1 1.2 數(shù)控機床的優(yōu)點 ...................................................................................................2 1.3 數(shù)控機床的組成 ...................................................................................................3 2 總體方案設計 ......................................................................................................7 2.1 機床的運動關(guān)系 ...................................................................................................7 2.2 傳動方案的設計 ....................................................................................................7 2.2.1 絲杠的選型及支撐方式的設計 ....................................................................7 2.2.2 檢系統(tǒng)的選取 ................................................................................................8 2.2.3 導軌的選定 ....................................................................................................8 2.2.4 絲杠和電機連接零件的選取 ........................................................................9 2.2.5 軸承類型的選取 ............................................................................................9 3 進給伺服系統(tǒng)機械部分計算與校核 ..........................................................10 3.1 滾珠絲杠螺母副的計算和選型.........................................................................10 3.1.1 額定動載荷 ..................................................................................................10 3.1.2 傳動效率校核 ..............................................................................................12 3.2 軸承的計算和選型 .............................................................................................12 3.2.1 推力球軸承的選型 ......................................................................................12 3.2.2 深溝球軸承的選型 ......................................................................................13 3.3 絲杠的剛度和穩(wěn)定性校核 .................................................................................14 3.3.1 絲杠的剛度校核 .........................................................................................14 3.3.2 穩(wěn)定性校核 ..................................................................................................15 3.4 導軌的計算和選型 .............................................................................................15 3.4.1 滾動直線導軌副行程長度的壽命 ..............................................................15 3.5 伺服電機的計算和選型.....................................................................................16 3.5.1 電機轉(zhuǎn)速的選取 ..........................................................................................17 3.5.2 電機轉(zhuǎn)矩的計算 ..........................................................................................17 3.5.3 轉(zhuǎn)動慣量的校核 ..........................................................................................18 3.6 編碼器的選型.....................................................................................................18 4 進給系統(tǒng)機械部分結(jié)構(gòu)設計 ........................................................................19 V 4.1 進給伺服系統(tǒng)裝配圖的設計 .............................................................................19 4.2 安裝過程中應注意的問題 .................................................................................19 5 總結(jié) .......................................................................................................................21 參考文獻 ....................................................................................................................22 致 謝 .........................................................................................................................23 畢業(yè)設計（論文）知識產(chǎn)權(quán)聲明 ......................................................................24 畢業(yè)設計（論文）獨創(chuàng)性聲明 ..........................................................................25 6 1 緒論 1.1 概述 我國目前機床總量為 380 萬余臺，而其中數(shù)控機床總數(shù)只有 11.34 萬臺， 這說明我國機床數(shù)控化率不到 3%。我們大多數(shù)制造業(yè)和企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)、加工設備 大多數(shù)是傳統(tǒng)機床，而且半數(shù)以上是役齡在 10 年以上的舊機床。用這種機床加 工出來的產(chǎn)品普遍存在質(zhì)量差、品種少、成本高等缺點，因此這些產(chǎn)品在國際、 國內(nèi)市場上缺乏競爭了，這直接影響了企業(yè)的生存和發(fā)展。所以必須提高機床 的數(shù)控化率。