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徐州工程學(xué)院08屆本科畢業(yè)論文
摘 要
本次設(shè)計(jì)是以三菱FX2n為核心的電梯控制系統(tǒng)的硬件組成及軟件設(shè)計(jì)，采用PLC來控制轎箱提升電機(jī)的起、停和正、反轉(zhuǎn)。這里主要是對(duì)電梯曳引機(jī)的參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算、（包括電動(dòng)機(jī)、減速器、軸、軸承、聯(lián)軸器、制動(dòng)器）以及工藝的編排和相關(guān)圖形的繪制，另外對(duì)PLC控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，主要是PLC控制電路圖、程序流程圖以及PLC編程。
其中對(duì)曳引機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)是減速器的選擇和箱體零件的設(shè)計(jì)和加工。減速器選擇的是蝸桿減速器，軸承是調(diào)心滾子軸承，聯(lián)軸器選擇的是彈性柱銷聯(lián)軸器。PLC控制程序設(shè)計(jì)是考慮到電梯的上升和下降邏輯，以及樓層顯示，運(yùn)作時(shí)的加速和減速。
現(xiàn)在電梯都采用傳統(tǒng)的繼電器群的控制方法，由于所用的繼電器較多，控制柜體積龐大，控制系統(tǒng)成本高，而且眾多繼電器的動(dòng)作會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大的噪音，污染環(huán)境。采用PLC配合接口進(jìn)行控制，可將傳統(tǒng)的繼電器控制邏輯變?yōu)橛?jì)算機(jī)程序控制邏輯，去掉所有用于邏輯控制的中間繼電器，使電梯系統(tǒng)的成本和噪音大大降低，控制柜的體積也可大大縮小。
關(guān)鍵詞：PLC ;曳引機(jī) ;電動(dòng)機(jī) ;減速器 ;聯(lián)軸器 ;制動(dòng)器
Abstract
This design is take FX2n as the core elevator control system hardware composition and the software design, uses the PLC integrated circuit to control the sedan box to promote the electrical machinery, to stop with, the reverse. Here mainly is carries on the design, the computation to the elevator tractor parameter, (including electric motor, reduction gear, axis, bearing, shaft coupling, brake) as well as the craft arrangement and the correlation graph plan, moreover to the PLC integrated circuit control system design, mainly is the PLC integrated circuit control circuit diagram, the program flow diagram as well as the PLC integrated circuit programming.
The most important of this design is changed huge parts of contents. The new version increases plenty of new technical contents and new calculation method.PLC integrated circuit control system design. Besides a few parts are changed according to the Chinse lift situations, this revised version is basically compliant
Now the elevator all uses the method of traditional the relay group control, because of many relay have been used, control the cabinet volume huge, the cost of control system is high, most of the multitudinous relay movement have the big noise, the pollution environment. Uses the PLC integrated circuit coordination connection to carry on the control, may become the traditional black-white control logic the computer program control logic, removes all uses in the logical control intermediate relay, causes the cost of the elevator system and the noise reduces greatly, controls the cabinet the volume also to be possible to reduce greatly.
Key words：PLC integrated circuit；Tractor;Electricmotor;Reduction gear;Shaft coupling;Brake
目錄
1緒論……………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1電梯的起源…………………………………………………………………………………1
1.2電梯的種類…………………………………………………………………………………1
1.2.1按用途分類………………………………………………………………………………1
1.2.2按速度分類………………………………………………………………………………2
1.2.3按拖動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)類型分類…………………………………………………………………2
1.2.4按驅(qū)動(dòng)方式分類…………………………………………………………………………2
1.2.5按控制方式分類…………………………………………………………………………3
1.3電梯主要組成及結(jié)構(gòu)……………………………………………………………………3
1.3.1曳引機(jī)構(gòu)的組成…………………………………………………………………………4
1.3.2曳引機(jī)構(gòu)的減速器………………………………………………………………………5
2有關(guān)參數(shù)的計(jì)算………………………………………………………………………………7
2.1曳引機(jī)的確定……………………………………………………………………………7
2.1.1選擇曳引機(jī)………………………………………………………………………………8
2.1.2曳引機(jī)容量的計(jì)算………………………………………………………………………8
2.1.3曳引力計(jì)算………………………………………………………………………………8
2.2減速器設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………………………9
2.2.1常用減速器的型式及其應(yīng)用……………………………………………………………9
2.2.2減速器的基本構(gòu)造……………………………………………………………………10
2.2.3蝸桿減速器設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………………12
2.3軸的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算…………………………………………………………………………16
2.3.1軸的分類………………………………………………………………………………16
2.3.2軸的常用材料…………………………………………………………………………16
2.3.3軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………………16
2.3.4軸的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算…………………………………………………………………………16
2.4軸承的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算………………………………………………………………………20
2.5聯(lián)軸器的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算……………………………………………………………………22
2.5.1聯(lián)軸器選擇應(yīng)考慮的問題 ………………… ………………………………………22
2.5.2聯(lián)軸器的理論轉(zhuǎn)矩……………………………………………………………………22
2.5.3主要尺寸計(jì)算…………………………………………………………………………23
2.6制動(dòng)器的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算……………………………………………………………………23
2.7工藝………………………………………………………………………………………24
2.7.1零件的分析……………………………………………………………………………24
2.7.2工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)…………………………………………………………………………26
3 PLC 電梯控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)………………………………………………………………29
3.1 PLC 系統(tǒng)概述…………………………………………………………………………29
3.1.1 PLC 的定義………………………………………………………………………29
3.1.2 PLC 的特點(diǎn)…………………………………………………………………………30
3.1.3PLC 與繼電器控制系統(tǒng)的比較………………………………………………………32
3.1.4 PLC 的基本結(jié)構(gòu)………………………………………………………………………33
3.1.5 PLC 的工作原理………………………………………………………………………35
3.2 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)分析………………………………………………………………37
3.2.1 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)基本原則………………………………………………………37
3.2.2PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容……………………………………………………38
3.2.3.PLC 控制系統(tǒng)程序設(shè)計(jì)的步驟……………………………………………………39
3.3 電梯PLC控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)……………………………………………………………40
3.3.1電梯的運(yùn)行過程…………………………………………………………………40
3.3.2選擇 PLC…………………………………………………………………………41
3.3.3PLC 規(guī)模的估算……………………………………………………………………42
3.3.4PLC 輸入輸出模塊的選擇……………………………………………………………43
3.3.5PLC 的選擇……………………………………………………………………………44
4結(jié)論……………………………………………………………………………………………46
5參考文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………………………………………47
6翻譯……………………………………………………………………………………………48
6.1外文資料……………………………………………………………………………………48
6.2譯文………………………………………………………………………………………54
7致謝…………………………………………………………………………………………59
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