《捷進(jìn)英語B2U》PPT課件

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1、2Journeys of Discovery READING FOR LEARNING 2 READING FOR DOING 3 GUIDED WRITING4 AUDIO/VIDEO LAB5 WARM-UP1 WRAP-UP6 READING FOR LEARNINGVocabulary Focus Grammar Focus Beyond the Text Text: Amazing Journeys New Words Phrases and Expressions # migration survival calendar# migrate direction temperatur

2、e whereas fat destination landmarkfind ones way (back) toProper Names # turtle # salmon # crab giant # magnet How much do you know about animal migration? Watch the following video clip, and think about the following questions.1. What animals are mentioned in the video?2. What animal makes the longe

3、st migration? READING FOR LEARNINGAmazing JourneysTask 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Using the introduction paragraph (有效利用開頭段落) 文章的開頭段落一般具有文章概覽的特點(diǎn)，它是對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的整體介紹，通常包含背景知識(shí)、相關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)、作者的主要觀點(diǎn)等。所以，在寫論文或查閱資料時(shí)，我們通?？梢酝ㄟ^快速瀏覽文章的開頭段落來決定是否繼續(xù)閱讀或購買這篇資料。Task 1 Read the first paragraph and tick the things you think the text

4、will cover. Read the text and check your predictions. READING FOR LEARNING1 How animals migrate. 2 Why animals migrate. 3 Our understanding of animal migration. 4 The biggest migration of animals. 5 How humans travel around. A Nearly all animal migrations happen for one reason onlysurvival. For some

5、 animals, it is to find food. However, for others, it is to have their young in a place away from other dangerous animals. Animals do not have a calendar on their wall to tell them when to migrate. So how do they know when to leave? How do they find their way back to the place they were born many ye

6、ars ago? Or how do they know which direction to go on a 1 2 ,0 0 0 -mile journey? Scientists are starting to understand more of the secrets of animal migration. Amazing Journeys譯文奇妙的旅途幾乎所有的動(dòng)物遷徙都只是出于同一個(gè)理由生存。有些動(dòng)物遷移是為了尋找食物，另一些則是為了遠(yuǎn)離危險(xiǎn)，繁衍后代。動(dòng)物們沒有一個(gè)掛在墻上的日歷告訴他們何時(shí)遷徙，那么它們是如何知道何時(shí)該啟程了呢？它們又是如何找回到多年前出生的地方呢？又或者，

7、它們 是如何知道在這12,000 英里的旅途中該向哪個(gè)方向前行呢？科學(xué)家正開始了解更多關(guān)于動(dòng)物遷徙的奧秘。 Whats the reason for animal migration? B Knowing when to migrate comes from various things. For some animals, it is how long the day is. Some judge the time by the temperature outside, whereas others know when to travel by the level of fat in the

8、ir body. Animals know how much fat they need. When their fat levels fall, many will migrate.However, if they wait too long, they will not have enough fat to make the journey. 譯文很多事物可以告訴動(dòng)物何時(shí)遷徙：有些依據(jù)白天的長短，有些靠外界的溫度變化判斷時(shí)間，而另一些則通過他們體內(nèi)脂肪的水平?jīng)Q定啟程的時(shí)間。動(dòng)物們知道自己需要多少脂肪。當(dāng)脂肪水平減少時(shí)，很多動(dòng)物就會(huì)出發(fā)。但是，如果它們等待的時(shí)間過長，就會(huì)沒有足夠的脂肪來完成

9、旅行。How could animals judge when to migrate? CNo one fully knows how animals find their way to their destination. However, research is starting to show that both animals minds and the human brain have something like the GPS. Animals may use anything from landmarks, the stars, the moon and the sun to

10、help remember where they are, where they have been and where they are going. While humans might remember short journeys such as their way around a city, it is quite another step to travel to somewhere over 1 0 ,0 0 0 miles away with nothing but yourself! 譯文沒有人充分了解動(dòng)物是如何找到遷徙目的地的。但研究正顯示，動(dòng)物的大腦和人的大腦都有類似全

11、球定位系統(tǒng)的東西。動(dòng)物可以利用地標(biāo)、星辰、月亮和太陽等任何東西幫它們記住自己現(xiàn)在在哪里，曾經(jīng)去過哪里，以及將要去哪里。雖然人們可能會(huì)記住一些較短的路途，例如所在城市周圍的路線，但是僅靠自己不借助任何幫助就踏上一個(gè)一萬多英里的旅途，就是另一回事了。More InformationHow could animals find their way to their destination? Some turtles can travel 1 2 ,0 0 0 miles back to the beach where they were born to have their own young tu

12、rtles. Salmon “smell” the water to return from the sea to a river. Many birds, butterflies and crabs use the Earth like a giant magnet to find their way. 譯文一些海龜可以遷徙12,000 英里，回到它們出生的那片海灘來繁衍后代。大馬哈魚靠聞海水的氣味從大?；氐胶恿?。很多鳥類、蝴蝶和蟹類都把地球當(dāng)成一個(gè)巨型磁鐵來尋找方向。 migratione.g. Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.

13、 燕 子 在 秋 季 開 始 向 南 方 遷 徙 。n. 遷徙；移居Back to Vocabulary survivaln. 生存Back to Vocabulary calendarn. 日歷Back to Vocabulary directionn. 方向；方位Back to Vocabulary temperaturen. 溫度；氣溫Back to Vocabulary fatn. 脂肪Back to Vocabulary destinationn. 目的地；終點(diǎn)Back to Vocabulary landmarke.g. The Empire State Building is a

14、 familiar landmark on the New York skyline. 帝 國 大 廈 是 紐 約 高 樓 大 廈 中 一 個(gè) 為 人 熟 知 的 地 標(biāo) 。n. 地標(biāo)Back to Vocabulary turtlen. 海龜Back to Vocabulary salmonn. 鮭魚；大馬哈魚Back to Vocabulary crabn. 螃蟹Back to Vocabulary giantadj. 特大的；巨大的Back to Vocabulary magnetn. 磁鐵；磁石Back to Vocabulary find ones way (back) toe.g.

15、 Finally, they found their way to the Great Wall. 他 們 最 終 找 到 了 去 長 城 的 路 。找到（回）去的路Back to Vocabulary Back to VocabularyGPS (Global Positioning System)全球定位系統(tǒng) 1) migration: 遷徒；移居；遷居 e.g. A migration into European countries continued in full spate. 移居歐洲國家的熱潮一直在持續(xù)。 2) migrate: v. when an animal migrate

16、s, it travels to a different place, usually when the season changes（鳥或動(dòng)物）遷徙；移棲 e.g. In winter, these birds migrate south to a warmer climate. 冬天，這些鳥會(huì)向南遷徙，到更溫暖的地方過冬。 if people migrate, they travel in large numbers to a new place to live temporarily （指人）大批外出；（暫時(shí)）移居；遷移 e.g. He migrated to Australia as

17、a young man. 他年輕時(shí)就移居澳大利亞。1 Nearly all animal migrations happen for one reason onlysurvival. 幾乎所有的動(dòng)物遷徙都只是出于同一個(gè)理由生存。3) survival: n the fact or state of continuing to live or exist, especially in difficult conditions 生存；存活；幸存 e.g. The doctors told my wife I had a slim chance of survival. 醫(yī)生告訴我妻子，我生還的幾率

18、微乎其微。 something that has continued to exist from a previous time 遺留物；幸存者 e.g. The little boy is the only survial from the car accident. 這個(gè)小男孩是此次車禍中的唯一幸存者。 2 Or how do they know which direction to go on a 12,000-mile journey? 又或者，它們是如何知道在這12,000 英里的旅途中該向哪個(gè)方向前行呢？direction: n. 1）the way something or so

19、meone moves, faces, or is aimed 方向 ；方位 e.g. The suspects were seen heading in the direction of Miami. 人們發(fā)現(xiàn)嫌疑犯往邁阿密方向去了。2）plural instructions for doing something or getting to a place 用法說明；指示 e.g. Be sure you read the directions before using any piece of equipment. 使用此設(shè)備之前務(wù)必閱讀其說明。 3 Some judge the tim

20、e by the temperature outside, whereas others know when to travel by the level of fat in their body. 有些靠外界的溫度變化判斷時(shí)間，而另一些則通過他們體內(nèi)脂肪的水平來決定啟程的時(shí)間。whereas: conj . it is used to indicate a contrast between two facts or ideas 然而；但是 e.g. Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not. 有一些研究結(jié)

21、果令人滿意，其他的則不然。 His children are well bred, whereas those of his sisters are naughty. 他的孩子很有教養(yǎng)，但他姐姐家的孩子卻很調(diào)皮。 4 However, if they wait too long, they will not have enough fat to make the journey. 但是，如果它們等待的時(shí)間過長，就會(huì)沒有足夠的脂肪來完成旅行。1) fat: n. a soft white substance stored in a layer under your skin 脂肪 e.g. Re

22、duce the amount of fat in your diet. 要減少食物中的油脂量。 2) make: v. succeed in achieving something by reaching the necessary level or standard達(dá)到；實(shí)現(xiàn)；完成 e.g. Weve made our target of 10,000 sales this month. 我們已經(jīng)完成這個(gè)月10,000宗銷售的目標(biāo)。 5 While humans might remember short journeys such as their way around a city, i

23、t is quite another step to travel to somewhere over 10,000 miles away with nothing but yourself!雖然人們可能會(huì)記住一些較短的路途，例如所在城市周圍的路線，但是僅靠自己不借助任何幫助就踏上一個(gè)一萬多英里的旅途，就是另一回事了。1) while: conj. used for saying that although you accept that something is true, there are also doubts or facts that you cannot ignore 盡管；然而

24、；雖然 e.g. While I agree with you, I do not believe that your way is the best. 盡管我同意你的看法，但我不認(rèn)為你的方法是最好的。2) 在本句后半個(gè)從句中，it是形式主語，置于句首，真正的主語是to travel to somewhere over 10,000 miles away with nothing but yourself。 e.g. It is very challenging to deal with this problem. 處理這個(gè)問題很有挑戰(zhàn)性。 Reading and Understanding

25、Task 2 Read the text and:1 circle the things that could tell an animal when to migrate. a The length of the day. b How hot it is. c The changes in plants. d The changes in their body. 2 circle the things animals could use to find their way when migrating. a Things in the sky. b Things on the ground

26、such as buildings, forests or mountains. c Smells. d Older animals. Reading and Understanding Task 3 Read the text and answer the questions.1 What is the main reason for animal migration? 2 What happens if animals leave it too late to travel? 3 What is more impressive about animal travel than human

27、travel? 4 Where do turtles travel to have their young? 5 How do salmon find their way back to where they were born? 6 How do birds find the right direction to go when they migrate? Possible answers 1 Survival. 2 They might not have nough fa to make the journey and may die. 3 Humans only remember sho

28、rt journeys, e.g. their way around a city,whereas animals can remember journeys of thousands of miles. 4 They travel back to where they were born. 5 They smell the water. 6 They use the Earth like a magnet. Reading and Understanding Task 4 How good is your internal GPS? Rate yourself on the scale. C

29、ompare yourself with a partner.1 I get lost when I go to a new place. 2 If I have travelled somewhere once, the next time I will find it easily. 3 I could direct someone almost anywhere in my hometown. 4 I rely on other people to remember directions. Vocabulary FocusTask 1 Match the words to their e

30、xplanations. 1 discovery a staying alive despite danger 2 survival b a building or thing that helps you know where you are, eg Big Ben 3 calendar c something that was not known before; something new 4 migration d the place you are travelling to 5 direction e the way a person is moving, eg north, sou

31、th, east, west 6 destination f the movement from one place to another of a large group of people, birds, animals, etc 7 landmark g a set of pages that show the days, weeks, and months of a particular year Vocabulary FocusTask 2 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets.

32、discovery survivalmigration direction destinations1 The _ (discover) of a cure for Ebola (埃博拉病毒) was one of the big scientific aims of 2014. 2 Animals spend much of their life fighting for _ (survive). 3 The _ (migrate) of giant red crabs is one of the most amazing sights. 4 Nick is always getting l

33、ost because of his terrible sense of _ (direct). 5 Our city is one of the most popular tourist _ (destination). Vocabulary FocusTask 3 Complete the passage with words from the boxes. Hibernation (冬眠) is not simply a long sleep. Sleeping is simply the body relaxing and repairing (1) _ in hibernation

34、an animals body changes a lot. Different animals hibernate at different times of the year. One of the main things they use to (2) _ when to hibernate is the (3) _. As it gets colder, many animals start to prepare to hibernate. Many animals reduce the energy they use and many animals breathe less. (4

35、) _, some animals even stop breathing completely. whereas judge temperatureAmazingly Grammar Focus： Indefinite Pronouns (不定代詞)someone/anyone, something/anything 以及somewhere/anywhere這幾組不定代詞的區(qū)別與some和any的區(qū)別相似： some常用于肯定句中，后面常接不可 數(shù)名詞； 表示建議、請求并希望得到對(duì)方的肯定 回答時(shí)，some也可以用于疑問句； any常用于否定句和疑問句中，后面常 接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)

36、名詞。Task 1 Find and underline examples of indefinite pronouns in the text. Then match the indefinite pronouns in the boxes to their explanations. The first one is already done for you. 1 In no places (nowhere)2 In a place ( ) 3 All the people ( ) 4 No person ( ) 5 A person ( ) 6 All the things ( ) 7

37、No things ( ) 8 A thing ( ) 9 In all the places ( ) somewhereeveryone/everybody no one/nobody someone/somebody everythingnothingsomethingeverywhere Task 2 Choose the correct indefinite pronoun to complete the sentences.1 I knew _ at the party. A anyone B everyone 2 Are you doing _ interesting this h

38、oliday? A anything B something 3 Do you have _ to drink? A anything B something 4 The teacher wasnt happy because _ knew the answer. A no one B someone 5 Lets go _ for fun tonight. A anywhere B somewhere 6 There was a knock on the door, but _ answered it. A no one B anyone 7 There isnt _ I want to e

39、at on the menu. A everything B anything 8 We went _ in town during the holiday. A everywhere B anywhere Grammar Focus： Indefinite Pronouns (不定代詞) Task 3 Complete the three conversations with appropriate indefinite pronouns.Grammar Focus： Indefinite Pronouns (不定代詞)Lin: Shall we do (1) _ together toni

40、ght? Marek: Sorry, I cant. I think were going (2) _ for dinner, but Im not sure where. Piotr: I watched (3) _ about how animals migrate on TV last night. Kinga: Was it interesting? Piotr: It was. On Easter Island, (4) _ in the Pacific Ocean, giant red crabs migrate across the island. It looked amazi

41、ng. For some other animals, it seems (5) _ can stop them. Some elephants migrate through a hotel every year! Kinga: Wow! Ill watch it today. Hayley: (6) _ you go you get lost! Where are you now? Liam: Im not sure. (7) _ near the High Street, I think. Hayley: Are there any landmarks you can see? Liam

42、: I can see a clock tower at the end of the street. Hayley: OK, wait there. Ill go and find you. (8) _ else gets lost as often as you! something somewheresomething somewherenothing EverywhereSomewhere No one/Nobody Beyond the TextTask 1 Survival is the main reason for both animal migration and human

43、 migration. Read the passage about a famous human migration in history. Then find out why these people chose to move in this case. 10 Poms After World War II, many Britons (Poms) were sold the dream of a new life in Australia. At the time, a journey to Australia cost 120, which was 6 months salary f

44、or many people. The Australian Government offered a fare of just 10. Over one and half million people went there. It became one of the largest planned migrations of the 20th Century. As ruled by the Australian Government, the migrants had to stay there for at least 2 years or they had to pay the far

45、e back. Some made new lives for themselves, but others were not happy and many were homesick. Around one quarter of the 10 Poms left Australia within a few years of their arrival. Pom: （尤指移居澳大利亞或新西蘭的）英國人Possible answers They chose to migrate because they were sold a dream of a new life in Australia.

46、 Beyond the TextTask 3 Emigrate means to move to another country to live. Imagine you have the chance to emigrate to one of these countries. Which one would you choose and why? I would move to Brazil because Beyond the TextTask 4小組作業(yè)：例舉在中國居住的幾大優(yōu)勢，說服老外移民中國。要求：圖片加簡要的文字。提示：可以從飲食，文化 ，交通等各方面去闡述。 READING

47、FOR DOINGThe Greatest InventionsTask 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 New Words Phrases and Expressions technological vote surprisingly # penicillin dramaticallyair conditioner high streetProper Names generation map cancer beatjet airplane let alone Task 1 Look at the inventions and discoveries in the

48、picture. Which do you think is the most important invention? Write down the ones that are mentioned in the comments. READING FOR DOING If you ask anyone what they cant live without, many people may say “my phone”. Modern mobile phones include so many important inventions of the last century. We now

49、have more technological power in our pockets than most companies had in a room 5 0 years ago. Although we might find it hard to live without our smart phones, are they truly the most important invention so far? What do you think? Vote for the most important inventions in history and post comments to

50、 support your vote. The Greatest Inventions譯文最偉大的發(fā)明如果你隨便問一個(gè)人，他離開了什么便無法生活，很多人可能會(huì)回答說“我的手機(jī)”?，F(xiàn)代移動(dòng)電話包括了上世紀(jì)很多重要的發(fā)明?？梢哉f，現(xiàn)在我們口袋里的技術(shù)力量甚至超越了50 年前多數(shù)公司的整間辦公室。雖然我們可能會(huì)覺得沒有智能手機(jī)很難活下去，但智能手機(jī)真的是迄今為止最重要的發(fā)明嗎？你是怎么認(rèn)為的？來為歷史上最重要的發(fā)明投票，并發(fā)表評(píng)論來支持你的投票吧。 譯文The Greatest InventionsComments Surprisingly, air conditioner is over 1 0

51、0 years old! For me, its one of the most important inventions, because it made it much easier to live and work in very hot parts of the world. Without it, a lot less people would live in my country. The refrigerator made a huge difference to peoples lives. We could keep our food fresh for longer. It

52、 also cut illnesses. 評(píng)論盧布娜 令人驚訝的是，空調(diào)已經(jīng)有一百年多的歷史了！對(duì)我而言，空調(diào)是最重要的發(fā)明之一，因?yàn)樗谷藗兛梢栽谑澜缟戏浅Ｑ谉岬牡胤礁p松地生活和工作。沒有它，在我的國家居住的人口會(huì)少得多。埃米 冰箱極大地改變了人們的生活。食物的保鮮期延長了，疾病的發(fā)生也減少了。 譯文The Greatest InventionsIt has to be the Internet. Everything in the world is so connected because of it. It makes life easier in so many waysI cant

53、 imagine life without it. Some of the biggest companies are only on the Internetthe high street is completely different now. Penicillin has to be one of the most important inventions. It has saved thousands of lives around the world. 尼基 青霉素當(dāng)仁不讓，肯定是最重要的發(fā)明之一。它拯救了世界上成千上萬人的生命。索莫 最重要的發(fā)明非因特網(wǎng)莫屬。世界萬物因其而緊密相連

54、。它讓生活的方方面面都更加便利我無法想象沒有它的生活。一些大公司都完全在網(wǎng)上運(yùn)行商業(yè)街已今非昔比。 More Information 譯文The Greatest Inventions雷吉 噴氣飛機(jī)極大地改變了世界。在我父母的那一代，大多數(shù)人沒有離開過自己居住的城市，更不用說出國了。而如今，人們周游世界，體驗(yàn)各國風(fēng)土人情。阿布杜爾 人類DNA的發(fā)現(xiàn)和繪制無疑是最重要的。幾乎所有的重大疾病，如癌癥等，都將可能因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)人類DNA的了解而被治愈。 The jet airplane changed the world dramatically. In my parents generation, m

55、ost people didnt leave their city, let alone their country. Now people travel all over the world experiencing different cultures and countries. The discovery and mapping of human DNA has to be the most important. Nearly all major illnesses, such as cancer, will probably be beaten because of our unde

56、rstanding of human DNA. technologicale.g. With technological changes many traditional skills have become obsolete. 隨 著 技 術(shù) 的 革 新 ， 許 多 傳 統(tǒng) 技 藝 已 被 淘 汰 。adj. 技術(shù)的； 工藝的Back to Vocabulary vote v. 投票 n. 投票；選票Back to Vocabulary surprisinglye.g. Surprisingly, mathematics was voted their favourite subject.

57、令 人 驚 訝 的 是 ， 數(shù) 學(xué) 課 被 選 為 他 們 最 喜 歡 的 科 目 。adv. 出人意料地；驚人地Back to Vocabulary penicilline.g. Fleming discovered penicillin by accident in 1928. 弗 萊 明 在 1928年 偶 然 發(fā) 現(xiàn) 了 青 霉 素 。n. 青霉素；盤尼西林Back to Vocabulary dramaticallye.g. The population in that country decreased dramatically. 這 個(gè) 國 家 的 人 口 減 少 了 許 多 。

58、adv. 引人注目地； 大幅度地Back to Vocabulary generationn. 代；一代Back to Vocabulary mape.g. I think the mapping of human DNA is a great discovery. 我 認(rèn) 為 人 類 基 因 圖 譜 的 繪 制 是 一 項(xiàng) 偉 大 的 發(fā) 現(xiàn) 。v . 給基因在染色體上定位Back to Vocabulary cancere.g. 90% of lung cancers are caused by smoking. 90%的 肺 癌 是 吸 煙 所 致 。n. 癌（癥）Back to Voc

59、abulary beat v. 擊敗；打Back to Vocabulary air conditioner空調(diào)Back to Vocabulary high street商業(yè)街Back to Vocabulary jet airplane噴氣式飛機(jī)Back to Vocabulary let alonee.g. We cant afford a bicycle, let alone a car. 我 們 連 自 行 車 也 買 不 起 , 更 不 用 說 汽 車 了 。 更不用提Back to Vocabulary 以上兩個(gè)句子都包含“主語+ 謂語+ 形式賓語it+ 補(bǔ)語+ 賓語（不定式）”

60、的結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g. I feel it an honor to be invited to make a speech here. 能應(yīng)邀在此講座，我感到無比榮幸。 I dont think it possible to master a language without any efforts. 我認(rèn)為不付出任何努力就掌握一門語言是不可能的。1 (1) Although we might find it hard to live without our smart phones, are they truly the most important invention so far? 雖然我們可

61、能會(huì)說沒有智能手機(jī)很難活下去，但智能手機(jī)真的是迄今為止最重要的發(fā)明嗎？ (2) . because it made it much easier to live and work in very hot parts of the world 因?yàn)樗谷藗兛梢栽谑澜缟戏浅Ｑ谉岬牡胤礁p松地生活和工作。 vote:1) v. formally express an opinion by choosing between two or more issues, people, etc. 投票常見搭配有vote on.對(duì)投票；vote for(in favorof)/against.投票支持/反對(duì) e

62、.g. The Council will vote on the proposal next Friday. 市議會(huì)下周五將對(duì)這一提議進(jìn)行投票表決。 Im going to vote for Jackson. 我打算投票支持杰克遜。 68 percent of the union voted against striking. 工會(huì)中68%的人投票反對(duì)罷工。2) n. the formal expression of a choice between two or more issues, people, etc.投票；選票 e.g. My vote will go to the candid

63、ate who promises tax reform. 我的票將投給承諾稅改的候選人。2 Vote for the most important inventions in history and post comments to support your vote.來為歷史上最重要的發(fā)明投票，并發(fā)表評(píng)論來支持你的投票吧。 1) dramatically: adv. suddenly or obviously引人注目地，大幅度地 e.g. Marys life changed dramatically after she transferred to our company. 自從調(diào)到我們公

64、司以后，瑪麗的生活發(fā)生了巨大的變化。2) dramatic: adj. great and sudden 巨大而突然的；急劇的e.g. a dramatic increase in sales 銷售額暴漲 The change in him was dramatic. 他的變化很大。 exciting or impressive 激動(dòng)人心的；給人深刻印象的e.g. a dramatic game 一場激動(dòng)人心的比賽 intended to be impressive so that people notice（行為）夸張的；引人注目的e.g. Dont be so dramatic! 別這樣夸

65、張了！ She put a hand to her head with a dramatic gesture. 她動(dòng)作夸張地把一只手放在頭上。3) drama: n. something unusual or exciting that happens 戲劇性；戲劇性事件 e.g. a game full of drama 富有戲劇性的比賽 3 The jet airplane changed the world dramatically. 噴氣飛機(jī)極大地改變了世界。 1) generation: n. all the people of about the same age within a

66、 society or within a particular family 一代人；一代 e.g. The younger generation smoke/smokes less than their parents did. 年輕的一代比他們父母這一代人吸煙要少。 2) let alone: used for saying how unlikely a situation is compared with another unlikely thing 更不用說 e.g. I cant ride a bicycle, let alone drive a car. 我連自行車都不會(huì)騎，更別說開小汽車了。 Some people never even read a newspaper, let alone a book. 有些人連報(bào)紙都不讀，更不用說讀書了。4 In my parents generation, most people didnt leave their city, let alone their country. 在我父母的那一代，大多數(shù)人沒有離開過自己居住的城市，更