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1、科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院NANCHANG UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OFSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 外文翻譯（2008 2012 年）題 目 微型液壓臥式螺桿注塑機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 科 部： 理工 專 業(yè)： 材料成型及控制工程 班 級(jí)： 08材料2班 學(xué) 號(hào)： 7013308072 學(xué)生姓名： 吳雄 指導(dǎo)教師： 羅冬平 起訖日期： 2011.11.30 2012.05.13 注射成型機(jī) 注射成型機(jī)是塑料機(jī)械的一種，簡(jiǎn)稱注射機(jī)或注塑機(jī)，是將熱塑性塑料或熱固性料利用塑料成型模具制成各種形狀的塑料制品的主要成型設(shè)備。注射成型是通過(guò)注塑機(jī)和模具來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。類型 注射成型機(jī)的類型有:立式、臥
2、式、全電式，但是無(wú)論那種注塑機(jī)，其基本功能有兩個(gè)（1）加熱塑料，使其達(dá)到熔化狀態(tài)（2）對(duì)熔融塑料施加高壓，使其射出而充滿模具型腔。 工作原理和模式注射成型機(jī)的工作原理與打針用的注射器相似，它是借助螺桿（或柱塞）的推力，將已塑化好的熔融狀態(tài)（即粘流態(tài)）的塑料注射入閉合好的模腔內(nèi)，經(jīng)固化定型后取得制品的工藝過(guò)程。注射成型是一個(gè)循環(huán)的過(guò)程，每一周期主要包括：定量加料熔融塑化施壓注射充模冷卻啟模取件。取出塑件后又再閉模，進(jìn)行下一個(gè)循環(huán)。 注射成型機(jī)操作項(xiàng)目：注塑機(jī)操作項(xiàng)目包括控制鍵盤操作、電器控制系統(tǒng)操作和液壓系統(tǒng)操作三個(gè)方面。分別進(jìn)行注射過(guò)程動(dòng)作、加料動(dòng)作、注射壓力、注射速度、頂出型式的選擇，料筒各
3、段溫度的監(jiān)控，注射壓力和背壓壓力的調(diào)節(jié)等。一般螺桿式注塑機(jī)的成型工藝過(guò)程是：首先將粒狀或粉狀塑料加入機(jī)筒內(nèi)，并通過(guò)螺桿的旋轉(zhuǎn)和機(jī)筒外壁加熱使塑料成為熔融狀態(tài)，然后機(jī)器進(jìn)行合模和注射座前移，使噴嘴貼緊模具的澆口道，接著向注射缸通人壓力油，使螺桿向前推進(jìn)，從而以很高的壓力和較快的速度將熔料注入溫度較低的閉合模具內(nèi)，經(jīng)過(guò)一定時(shí)間和壓力保持（又稱保壓）、冷卻，使其固化成型，便可開模取出制品（保壓的目的是防止模腔中熔料的反流、向模腔內(nèi)補(bǔ)充物料，以及保證制品具有一定的密度和尺寸公差）。注射成型的基本要求是塑化、注射和成型。塑化是實(shí)現(xiàn)和保證成型制品質(zhì)量的前提，而為滿足成型的要求，注射必須保證有足夠的壓力和速
4、度。同時(shí)，由于注射壓力很高，相應(yīng)地在模腔中產(chǎn)生很高的壓力（模腔內(nèi)的平均壓力一般在2045MPa之間），因此必須有足夠大的合模力。由此可見，注射裝置和合模裝置是注塑機(jī)的關(guān)鍵部件。 對(duì)塑料制品的評(píng)價(jià)主要有三個(gè)方面，第一是外觀質(zhì)量，包括完整性、顏色、光澤等；第二是尺寸和相對(duì)位置間的準(zhǔn)確性；第三是與用途相應(yīng)的物理性能、化學(xué)性能、電性能等。這些質(zhì)量要求又根據(jù)制品使用場(chǎng)合的不同，要求的尺度也不同。制品的缺陷主要在于模具的設(shè)計(jì)、制造精度和磨損程度等方面。但事實(shí)上，塑料加工廠的技術(shù)人員往往苦于面對(duì)用工藝手段來(lái)彌補(bǔ)模具缺陷帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題而成效不大的困難局面。 生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中工藝的調(diào)節(jié)是提高制品質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量的必要途徑。由于
5、注塑周期本身很短，如果工藝條件掌握不好,廢品就會(huì)源源不絕。在調(diào)整工藝時(shí)最好一次只改變一個(gè)條件，多觀察幾回，如果壓力、溫度、時(shí)間統(tǒng)統(tǒng)一起調(diào)的話，很易造成混亂和誤解，出了問(wèn)題也不知道是何道理。調(diào)整工藝的措施、手段是多方面的。例如：解決制品注不滿的問(wèn)題就有十多個(gè)可能的解決途徑，要選擇出解決問(wèn)題癥結(jié)的一、二個(gè)主要方案，才能真正解決問(wèn)題。此外，還應(yīng)注意解決方案中的辨證關(guān)系。比如：制品出現(xiàn)了凹陷，有時(shí)要提高料溫，有時(shí)要降低料溫；有時(shí)要增加料量，有時(shí)要減少料量。要承認(rèn)逆向措施的解決問(wèn)題的可行性。 分類及特點(diǎn)注射成型機(jī)按照注射裝置和鎖模裝置的排列方式，可分為立式、臥式和立臥復(fù)合式。其各自的特點(diǎn)如下：（一）立式
6、注塑機(jī)的特點(diǎn)：1、注射裝置和鎖模裝置処于同一垂直中心線上，且模具是沿上下方向開閉。其占地面積只有臥式機(jī)的約一半，因此，換算成占地面積生產(chǎn)性約有二倍左右。2、容易實(shí)現(xiàn)嵌件成型。因?yàn)槟＞弑砻娉?，嵌件放入定位容易。采用下模板固定、上模板可?dòng)的機(jī)種，拉帶輸送裝置與機(jī)械手相組合的話，可容易地實(shí)現(xiàn)全自動(dòng)嵌件成型。3、模具的重量由水平模板支承作上下開閉動(dòng)作，不會(huì)發(fā)生類似臥式機(jī)的由于模具重力引起的前倒，使得模板無(wú)法開閉的現(xiàn)象。有利于持久性保持機(jī)械和模具的精度。4、通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的機(jī)械手可取出各個(gè)塑件型腔，有利于精密成型。5、一般鎖模裝置周圍為開開放式，容易配置各類自動(dòng)化裝置，適應(yīng)于復(fù)雜、精巧產(chǎn)品的自動(dòng)成型。6、拉
7、帶輸輸送裝置容易實(shí)現(xiàn)串過(guò)模具中間安裝，便于實(shí)現(xiàn)成型自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)。7、容易保證模具內(nèi)樹脂流動(dòng)性及模具溫度分布的一致性。 8、配備有旋轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)面、移動(dòng)臺(tái)面及傾斜臺(tái)面等形式，容易實(shí)現(xiàn)嵌件成型、模內(nèi)組合成型。9、小批量試生產(chǎn)時(shí)，模具構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)單成本低，且便于卸裝。10、經(jīng)受了多次地震的考驗(yàn)，立式機(jī)由于重心低，相對(duì)臥式機(jī)抗震性更好。 （二）臥式注塑機(jī)的特點(diǎn)： 1、即是大型機(jī)由于機(jī)身低，對(duì)于安置的廠房無(wú)高度限制。2、產(chǎn)品可自動(dòng)落下的場(chǎng)合，不需使用機(jī)械手也可實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)成型。3、由于機(jī)身低，供料方便，檢修容易。4、模具需通過(guò)吊車安裝。5、多臺(tái)并列排列下，成型品容易由輸送帶收集包裝。 用途和現(xiàn)狀注射成型機(jī)具有能一次成型外型復(fù)
8、雜、尺寸精確或帶有金屬嵌件的質(zhì)地密致的塑料制品，被廣泛應(yīng)用于國(guó)防、機(jī)電、汽車、交通運(yùn)輸、建材、包裝、農(nóng)業(yè)、文教衛(wèi)生及人們?nèi)粘Ｉ罡鱾€(gè)領(lǐng)域。 我國(guó)塑料加工企業(yè)星羅其布，遍布全國(guó)各地，設(shè)備的技術(shù)水平參差不齊，大多數(shù)加工企業(yè)的設(shè)備都需要技術(shù)改造。這幾年來(lái)，我國(guó)塑機(jī)行業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步十分顯著，尤其是注塑機(jī)的技術(shù)水平與國(guó)外名牌產(chǎn)品的差距大大縮小，在控制水平、產(chǎn)品內(nèi)部質(zhì)量和外觀造型等方面均取得顯著改觀。選擇國(guó)產(chǎn)設(shè)備，以較小的投入，同樣也能生產(chǎn)出與進(jìn)口設(shè)備質(zhì)量相當(dāng)?shù)漠a(chǎn)品。這些為企業(yè)的技術(shù)改造創(chuàng)造了條件。 六、我國(guó)注射成型機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 目前中國(guó)生產(chǎn)注塑機(jī)的廠家較多，據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)已超過(guò)60家。注塑機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式有立式
9、和臥式兩種。按生產(chǎn)出的制品可分為普通型和精密型注塑機(jī)。一次注射量45-51000g；鎖模力200-36000kN；加工原料有熱固性塑料、熱塑性塑料和橡膠三種。熱塑性塑料包括聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龍、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、有機(jī)玻璃、聚砜及(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)等。從加工出的制品來(lái)看，有單色、雙色的一般和精密塑料制品。上述產(chǎn)品的主要生產(chǎn)廠家都有自己的系列，各有自己的特點(diǎn)。如廣東震德塑料機(jī)械廠有限公司生產(chǎn)的捷霸CJ系列注塑機(jī)每一種規(guī)格均有數(shù)控和電腦控制兩種形式。又如浙江省寧波海天機(jī)械有限公司生產(chǎn)的HTF80X-HFT3600X型系列注塑機(jī)，可用于生產(chǎn)各種高精密的熱性塑料制品，機(jī)
10、器采用線型移動(dòng)傳感器控制注射、合模、頂出，采用多重CPU電控系統(tǒng)、大幅面彩色LED顯示、全電腦自動(dòng)控制。 普通臥式注塑機(jī)仍是注塑機(jī)發(fā)展的主導(dǎo)方向，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)幾乎沒(méi)有大的變化，除了繼續(xù)提高其控制及自動(dòng)化水平、降低能耗外，生產(chǎn)廠家根據(jù)市場(chǎng)的變化正在向組合系列化方向發(fā)展，如同一型號(hào)的注塑機(jī)配置大、中、小三種注射裝置，組合成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型和組合型，增加了靈活性，擴(kuò)大了使用范圍，提高了經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。? 近幾年來(lái)，世界上工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的注塑機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠家都在不斷提高普通注塑機(jī)的功能、質(zhì)量、輔助設(shè)備的配套能力，以及自動(dòng)化水平。同時(shí)大力開發(fā)、發(fā)展大型注塑機(jī)、專用注塑機(jī)、反應(yīng)注塑機(jī)和精密注塑機(jī)，以滿足生產(chǎn)塑料合金、磁性塑料、帶嵌
11、件的塑料制品的需求。 注塑機(jī)是目前中國(guó)塑料機(jī)械中發(fā)展速度最快、水平與工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家差距較小的塑機(jī)品種之一。但主要指普通型注塑機(jī)，在特大型、各種特殊、專用、精密注塑機(jī)的多數(shù)品種方面，有的產(chǎn)品尚屬空白，這是與工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的主要差距。 Injection molding machine The injection molding machine is a kind of plastic machinery, referred to as the injection molding machine or injection molding machine, thermoplastic or thermo
12、setting material the use of plastic mold into various shapes of plastics molding equipment. Injection molding by the injection molding machine and mold.Type The type of injection molding machine: vertical, horizontal, all-electric, but no matter the kind of injection molding machines, the basic func
13、tions of two (1) heating plastic to reach the molten state (2) to exert high pressure on the molten plastic. it shot full of mold cavity.Working principle and mode of The working principle of injection molding machine and injection syringe, it is with the thrust of the screw (or plunger), the plasti
14、cizing good molten state (ie, viscous flow state), the plastic injected into the mold cavity closed good After curing stereotypes made the process of the products. Injection molding is a cyclical process, with each cycle including: dosing - molten plastics - to put pressure injection - filling Cooli
15、ng - Kai-mode pickup. Remove the plastic parts and then re-closed mode, the next cycle. Injection molding machine operating items: injection molding machine operating projects including the control keyboard operation, the operation of electrical control system and hydraulic systems operating in thre
16、e aspects. Separate action of the injection process, feeding action, injection pressure, injection speed, the top choice of the type, barrel temperature of each monitor, injection pressure and back pressure regulation. Screw injection molding machine molding process: First, granular or powdered plas
17、tic in the machine barrel, through which the screw rotates and the outer wall of the barrel, heating the plastic to become molten state, then the machine before clamping and injection shift, so that the nozzle closely aligns the mold gate Road, then the oil pressure to the injection cylinder Walter,
18、 screw forward to high pressure and a faster speed will melt into the closed mold temperature is low , after a certain period of time and pressure to keep (also known as pressure), cooling, curing, the mold can be opened to remove the products (the purpose of holding pressure to prevent the reflux o
19、f the melt in the mold cavity, supplementary material to the mold cavity, and to ensure that products have a certain density and dimensional tolerances). The basic requirements of the injection molded plastics, injection and molding. The plasticizing premise to achieve and guarantee the quality of t
20、he molded part, to meet the requirements of forming, injection must ensure there is enough pressure and speed. The same time, due to the high injection pressure, the corresponding cavity to produce a high pressure (average pressure of the cavity is generally between 20 45MPa), so there must be large
21、 enough clamping force. Thus, the injection unit and clamping devices are key components of the injection molding machine. Mainly in three aspects of the evaluation of plastic products, and the first appearance of quality, integrity, color, luster; the second is between the size and relative positio
22、n accuracy; the third is to use the corresponding physical properties, chemical properties, electrical properties. These quality requirements are also different according to the different products using the occasion to require the scale. Defects of products is that the mold design, manufacturing pre
23、cision and wear. In fact, the technical staff of the plastic processing plants often suffer from the face of technology means to compensate for the problems brought about by the mold defects but not the effectiveness of a difficult situation. Regulation of technology in the production process is the
24、 essential way to improve product quality and yield. Injection cycle is very short, if the process conditions are handled badly, the waste will be an endless supply. Adjustment process when the best time to change a condition to observe a few times, pressure, temperature, time, all with the tone, it
25、 could easily lead to confusion and misunderstanding, a problem do not know what reason. Measures to adjust the process, means, in many ways. Example: solving products Note dissatisfaction there is more than a dozen possible solutions to choose to address the crux of the problem, two major programs,
26、 in order to really solve the problem. In addition, attention should be paid to the dialectical relationship between the solution. Such as: products the depression, sometimes to raise the melt temperature, sometimes to reduce the melt temperature; sometimes to increase the quantity, and sometimes to
27、 reduce the feeding amount. To recognize the reverse feasibility of measures to solve the problem.Classification and characteristics Injection molding machine in accordance with the arrangement of the injection unit and clamping devices can be divided into vertical, horizontal and vertical and horiz
28、ontal composite. Its own characteristics as follows: (a) the characteristics of vertical injection molding machine: 1, the injection unit and clamping devices in the same vertical center line, and the mold opening and closing along the upper and lower direction. Its covers an area of only about half
29、 of the horizontal plane, therefore, converted into an area of production around about twice. 2, easy to insert molding. Mold surface facing up, insert into the positioning easy. Using fixed under the template, the template movable machine, pull the belt conveyor, then a combination of plant and mac
30、hinery palmistry can easily implement automatic insert molding. 3, the weight of the mold level template support for up and down the opening and closing movements, similar to the horizontal plane not occur before mold gravity down, making the template can not be opening and closing of the phenomenon
31、. Conducive to the persistence to maintain the accuracy of the machinery and tooling. 4, through a simple robot can remove each plastic cavity, is conducive to precision molding. 5, generally around the clamping device open open, easy to configure various types of automated devices, adapted to the a
32、utomatic forming of the complex and sophisticated products. Drawstring lose conveying device is easy to achieve string mold the middle of installation, ease of forming automatic production. 7, is easy to ensure the consistency of the resin flow and mold temperature distribution within the mold. 8, e
33、quipped with a rotary table, mobile table and tilt table is easy to insert molding, combination molding mold. 9, small batch trial production, the mold structure is simple, low cost, and easy to uninstall. 10, has stood the test of several earthquakes, the vertical plane due to the low center of gra
34、vity, the relative horizontal plane better shock resistance. (B) the characteristics of the horizontal injection molding machine: 1, ie, the mainframe due to low body height restrictions for the placement of the plant. 2, the product can be automatically fall occasions, without the use of the robot
35、can also be automatically molding. 3, the fuselage, easy feeding, maintenance easy. 4, the mold needs to be installed by crane. 5, multiple parallel arrangement, the moldings easily collected from the conveyor belt packaging.Use and the status quo The injection molding machine has a complex shape, s
36、ize, precision, or with metal inserts, texture, dense plastics molding, widely used in defense, electromechanical, automotive, transportation, building materials, packaging, agriculture, culture, education, health and people daily life in various fields. Chinas plastics processing enterprises Xing L
37、uo cloth across the country, the skill levels of the equipment, the equipment of most of the processing enterprises need technological innovation. In recent years, Chinas press industrys technological progress is very significant, especially the gap between the technological level of the injection m
38、olding machine with foreign brand names is greatly reduced, and made a significant change in the level of control, internal quality and appearance. Select the domestic equipment, a smaller investment, also can produce the quality of imported equipment products. These create the conditions for the te
39、chnological transformation of enterprises. , China Injection Molding Machine Development of Chinas production of injection molding machine manufacturers more, according to incomplete statistics, more than 60. The structure of the injection molding machine with vertical and horizontal. Press to produ
40、ce the products can be divided into common type and precision injection molding machine. An injection volume of 45-51000g; 200-36000kN The clamping force; processing raw materials, thermosetting plastics, thermoplastics and rubber three. Thermoplastics, including polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropy
41、lene, nylon, polyurethane, polycarbonate, acrylic, polysulfone and (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene) copolymer (ABS). From the processed products, monochrome, color and general and precision plastic products. Of the major manufacturers of these products has its own series, each with its own char
42、acteristics. Such as Guangdong Chen De Plastics Machinery Co., Ltd. Jie tyrants CJ Series injection molding machine for each specification are two forms of numerical control and computer control. Again, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Haitian Machinery Co., Ltd. the production HTF80X-HFT3600X series injec
43、tion molding machine can be used for the production of various high-precision thermal plastic, the machine uses linear movement sensors to control the injection mold, ejector, using multiple CPU power control systems, large format color LED display, automatic control of the entire computer. Ordinary
44、 horizontal injection molding machine is still the dominant direction of the injection molding machine, its basic structure is almost no major changes in addition to continue to improve its control and level of automation, reducing energy consumption, manufacturers according to market changes is the
45、 combination of series direction as a model of the injection molding machine configuration, the small three injection device, a combination of standard and combination, increase flexibility, expanding the scope of use, and improve economic efficiency. ? In recent years, industrial countries in the w
46、orld of injection molding machine manufacturer in the continuous improvement of the supporting capacity of the function, quality of ordinary injection molding machines, auxiliary equipment, as well as the level of automation. Vigorously develop the development of large injection molding machines, in
47、jection molding machines, reaction injection molding machines and precision injection molding machines to meet the production of plastic alloys, magnetic plastic, with the demand for plastic products inserts. The injection molding machine is one of the fastest, the gap between the level of industria
48、l countries small presses varieties of the pace of development in Chinas plastics machinery. But mainly refers to the ordinary injection molding machine, in most varieties of extra large, a variety of special, dedicated, precision injection molding machine, and some still blank, which is the main gap with industrial countries6
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