虛擬語氣 (2)

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1、一、相關(guān)概念一、相關(guān)概念1. Definition of Mood 語氣語氣 是一種動(dòng)詞形式，用來表示說是一種動(dòng)詞形式，用來表示說話人的意思和態(tài)度。話人的意思和態(tài)度。2. Three types of Mood語氣語氣陳述陳述祈使祈使虛擬虛擬 事實(shí)，看法事實(shí)，看法 請求，邀請，命令等請求，邀請，命令等 ？I love English. I dont like English.Do you love English?Go to hell.Hold on.肯定肯定/ /否定否定/ /疑問疑問/ /感嘆感嘆無主語無主語3. Definition of Subjunctive mood 表示說話人所說

2、的不是事實(shí)表示說話人所說的不是事實(shí) or or 實(shí)現(xiàn)的可實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大，而是一種愿望、假設(shè)、建議能性不大，而是一種愿望、假設(shè)、建議oror某種強(qiáng)烈的情感；某種強(qiáng)烈的情感； 通過謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來表達(dá)；通過謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來表達(dá)； 一般用于正式的書面語言中。一般用于正式的書面語言中。IfIf虛擬條件句虛擬條件句 普通情況普通情況 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句 省略省略ifif的條件句的條件句 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句堅(jiān)持、堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求命令、建議、要求特殊句型特殊句型4. Cases of subjunctive mood二、二、if if 條件句條件句 If I were a bir

3、d, I could fly to you. If there were no exam, we would be happier. What would you like to be if you were to be born again? If it rained / should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. If you had come 10 earlier, you should have met Jay. If you hadnt help me, I couldnt have succeed.-觀察觀察& &歸納歸納

4、if 從句從句主句主句現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在將來將來過去過去If+主語主語+didwould/could/ should /mightdoIf+主主+had +done1、If+主主+did2、If+主主+were to+ do3、If+主主+should +doTips: be用用were，MV用過去式用過去式 從句中的謂動(dòng)基本上是從句中的謂動(dòng)基本上是前移前移一個(gè)時(shí)一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，其他結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣類似態(tài)，其他結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語氣類似1.1.普通情況普通情況would/could should /mightdowould/could should /mighthave done1. Alan _ the part

5、y if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed2.If she had worked harder, she _. A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeededExercises3. If it _ too much trouble, Id love a cup of tea.A. isntB. werentC. wasntD. hadnt been4. Mary

6、doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.A. has to get B. had gotC. were to get D. could have got2. 2. 含蓄條件句含蓄條件句 We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help. But for the rain, we would ha

7、ve finished the work. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. He could have given you much more help, but he was busy then.有時(shí)虛擬語氣有時(shí)虛擬語氣不通過不通過ifif條從表示，而是條從表示，而是隱隱含含在上下文或其它一些表達(dá)方式中

8、，謂之在上下文或其它一些表達(dá)方式中，謂之 “含蓄含蓄”, ,作用相當(dāng)于條從作用相當(dāng)于條從, ,常見以下詞：常見以下詞：with, without, but, but for, but that, or/otherwise-觀察觀察& &歸納歸納3. 3. 省略省略& &倒裝倒裝 If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come ear

9、lier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. If it werent for the money, I would treat you all. Were it not for money, I would treat you all. 如果如果ifif條從中含有條從中含有should/were/had, should/were/had, 可以把可以把ifif省略，把省略

10、，把should/were/hadshould/were/had提前到句首提前到句首, ,其余不變（其余不變（notnot不提前）不提前）-觀察觀察& &歸納歸納1._ in your position, I would help him. A. Was I B. Were I C. If I am D. If I had been2. Without the leadership of the Party, there _no New China. A. would be B. has been C. should be D. was3. _ any change about the dat

11、e, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be Exercises4. 4. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間句 If you had been careful in the exam several days ago, you would not be so regretful now.從句與主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同從句與主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同, ,稱之為稱之為“錯(cuò)綜錯(cuò)綜”，主從句的時(shí)態(tài)則要看，主從句的時(shí)態(tài)則要看它們各自的時(shí)間狀語。它們各自的時(shí)間狀

12、語。1. If I hadnt stood under the ladder(梯子梯子) to catch you when you fell, you _ now.A. wouldnt be smilingB. wont smileC. couldnt have smiled D. didnt smile2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy.He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.A. not take B. shouldnt have takenC. didnt t

13、ake D. hadnt takenExercises3. If you _ me earlier, you _ sorry now.A. had listened to; wouldnt have beenB. were to listen to; shouldnt have beenC. had listened to; wouldnt beD. listened to; wouldnt beExercisesMy suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others. It was suggested

14、 that we (should) have a meeting We suggested that there (should) be a kind of language which all could understand and use.They insisted that the boy (should) see a doctor.三、凡是跟三、凡是跟 “ “堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求”有關(guān)有關(guān)的的名從名從，從句中使用虛擬，從句中使用虛擬，即：主即：主+ (should) +do1.Tom insisted what he said _ true and we in

15、sisted that he _ and have a look. A. be, should go B. should be, would go C. was, go D. was, would goThe smile on his face suggested that he _ satisfied with our work.He insisted he _ right and he _ set free.waswas(should) be insist 表示表示 “ “堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”suggest 表示表示 “ “暗示暗示/ /表明表明”+ +陳述語陳述語氣氣Exercises2.

16、The suggestion that the mayor(市長) _ at the meeting was really valuable. A. present B. presented C. presents D. ought to present 3. The suggestion that the mayor(市長) _ the prizes was accepted by everyone. A. present B. presented C. presents D. ought to present Exercises定從定從同從同從I wish I were 30 years

17、younger. 我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。I wish I had followed your advice. 我要是早聽你的勸告就好了。我要是早聽你的勸告就好了。 I wish you would go hiking with me this weekend. 這個(gè)周末你要是能跟我去遠(yuǎn)足就好了。這個(gè)周末你要是能跟我去遠(yuǎn)足就好了。四、特殊句式四、特殊句式wish（that）+主語主語+過去式過去式wish（that）+主語主語+had donewish（that）+主語主語+would+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形1. wish表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)or實(shí)現(xiàn)性不大的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)性

18、不大的愿望, 其后用到虛擬語氣其后用到虛擬語氣現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在一般過去一般過去(did)過去過去過去完成過去完成(had done)將來將來過去將來過去將來(would/could/might + do)should除外除外1. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone2. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. hadExercises If only we didnt have

19、 so much homework. If only I had met you before I got married. If only there would be no wars in the future.現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在一般過去一般過去(did)(did)過去過去過去完成過去完成(had done)(had done)將來將來過去將來過去將來3. as if/though, even if/though引導(dǎo)的從句根引導(dǎo)的從句根據(jù)具體情況可用虛擬，據(jù)具體情況可用虛擬， 同同1&21&2 2. if only 但愿但愿，如果，如果就好了！就好了！1.He _ you more help, ev

20、en though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C. may have given2.She speaks as if she _on the spot. A. was B. were C. had been D. is3. it looks as if it _ (is/were) going to rain.Exercisesisas if/ though, even if/though后從句若表后從句若表示一個(gè)事實(shí)或可能性示一個(gè)事實(shí)或可能性很大，則無須虛擬很大，則無須虛擬4. would rather 寧愿寧愿更

21、喜歡更喜歡 would rather + do / have done(明顯的過去明顯的過去) would rather + 從句從句(虛擬虛擬) 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在& &將來將來一般過去一般過去(did)(did)過去過去過去完成過去完成(had done)(had done)1.1.他寧愿被打死也不愿投降。他寧愿被打死也不愿投降。He would rather be shot to death than give in.2. 我寧愿卡扎菲沒有被打死。我寧愿卡扎菲沒有被打死。I would rather Gaddafi had not been shot to death. Translation I

22、t is time you had you hair cut. It is high time that we should pay more attention and be more careful.5. It is (high/about) time (that) . 到了做某事的時(shí)間了到了做某事的時(shí)間了兩種形式一般過去兩種形式一般過去(did) should + do (should 不省略不省略) 6. It is + adj + that +主主+ (should) + do， necessaryimportantstrangenaturalimpossible / surprising / natural/ essential It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work. It is + n+ that +主主+ (should) + do a pity/ a shame/ a wonder/ a surprise Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.溫馨提示溫馨提示：should should 并不總是譯為并不總是譯為“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”, , 有時(shí)表驚訝、奇怪，譯為有時(shí)表驚訝、奇怪，譯為“竟然竟然”, , 有時(shí)也可有時(shí)也可不譯不譯。