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1、2020學年人教版英語精品資料B卷能力素養(yǎng)提升【說明】本試卷滿分120分，考試時間100分鐘.閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分) ASince Henry Ford turned it into a massmarket product a century ago, the car has delivered many benefits. It has promoted economic growth, increased social mobility and given people a lot of fun. But the car has also brought many

2、 problems. It pollutes the air, creates traffic jams and kills people. An astonishing 1.24 million people die, and as many as 50 million are hurt, in road accidents each year.Drivers and passengers waste around 90 billion hours in traffic jams each year. In some carchoked cities as much as a third o

3、f the petrol used is burned by people looking for a space to park.Fortunately, a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency to holdups. “Connected cars” which may eventually develop into driverless cars but for the foreseeable future will still have a human at t

4、he wheel can communicate wirelessly with each other and with traffic management systems, avoid walkers and other vehicles and find open parking spots. Some parts of the transformation are already in place. Many new cars are already being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance and s

5、tay in a motorway automatically at a range of speeds. Soon, all new cars in Europe will have to be able to warn the emergency services if their onboard sensors (傳感器) discover a crash. Singapore has led the way with using variable tolls (道路通行費) to smooth traffic flows during rush hours; Britain is pi

6、oneering “smart motorways”， whose speed limits vary constantly to achieve a_similar_effect. These new inventions could create a much more highly effective system in which cars and their drivers are constantly warned of dangers and showed the ways. Traffic always flows at the proper speed and vehicle

7、s can travel closer together, yet with less risk of crashing.In the past, more people driving meant more roads, more jams, more death and more pollution. In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.語篇解讀：文章主要介紹了未來的汽車。汽車給人們帶來方便之余，也給人們的生活帶來了許多

8、問題，甚至威脅到了人們的生命和安全。幸運的是，一項新科技有望減少污染和擁堵，并使駕駛變得更安全。1According to Paragraph 2, the problem of parking has resulted in _.Amore time on the roadBa great waste of fuelCeven heavier traffic jamsDincreased death and injuries解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“In some carchoked cities as much as a third of the petrol used is bu

9、rned by people looking for a space to park.”可知，在一些擁擠的城市里，尋找停車位所耗費的汽油占汽油使用量的三分之一，說明停車造成大量汽油的浪費，故選B。2What does “a similar effect” in Paragraph 4 refer to?AReducing traffic jams.BBuilding smart motorways.CSetting proper speed limits.DKeeping steady traffic flows.解析：選D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本段“Singapore has led the wa

10、y with using variable tolls (道路通行費) to smooth traffic flows during rush hours”可知，新加坡通過使用浮動的道路通行費來疏導車流，英國也正在采取措施來取得類似的效果，故選D。3What is the authors attitude towards connected cars?ACurious. BDoubtful.CSupportive. DDisappointed.解析：選C觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段“These new inventions could create a much more highly effect

11、ive system”和第五段“In future, the connected car could offer mankind the pleasures of the road with rather less of the pain.”可知，作者認為這種新的發(fā)明能創(chuàng)造出一種更有效的交通體制，在帶給人們駕車的樂趣的同時，也會減少事故帶來的傷痛，說明作者對這項發(fā)明是支持的，故選C。4Which of the following can be the best title of the text?AThe Future of Cars: Wireless WheelsBThe Future T

12、raffic Management SystemCThe Benefits and Problems of CarsDThe Promising Future of Car Production解析：選A標題歸納題。根據(jù)第三段“a new technology promises to make motoring safer, less polluting and less tendency to holdups. Connected cars which may eventually develop into driverless cars”和第四段“Many new cars are alr

13、eady being fitted with equipment that lets them keep their distance”和第五段“In future, the connected car could offer .less of the pain.”可知，文章主要講的是未來的汽車，而不是未來的交通管理系統(tǒng)。故選A。BIf you have an allergy to some food, even a very tiny bit of food can make you sick. Lots of kids have food allergies about 3 million

14、 in the United States alone.The foods that cause the most food allergies include peanuts and other nuts; seafood, such as shrimp; milk, particularly cows milk; eggs; wheat.What Is a Food Allergy?Food allergies occur when your immune system makes a mistake. Usually, your immune system protects you fr

15、om germs and disease. It does this by making antibodies that help you fight off bacteria, viruses, and other tiny organisms that can make you sick. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly treats something in a certain food as if its really dangerous to you.Whats a Reaction Like

16、?In the most serious cases, a food allergy can cause anaphylaxis (過敏癥). This is a sudden, severe allergic reaction in which several problems occur all at once and can involve the skin, breathing, digestion, the heart and blood vessels. A persons blood pressure can drop, breathing tubes can narrow an

17、d the tongue can swell. People at risk for this kind of reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies, when they might need to get special medicine to stop these symptoms from getting worse.What Will the Doctor Do?If you think you may be allergic to a certain food, let yo

18、ur parents know. They will take you to the doctor to get it checked out. If your doctor thinks you might have a food allergy, he or she will probably send you to see a doctor who specializes in allergies. The allergy specialist will ask you about past reactions and how long it takes between eating t

19、he food and getting the symptom, such as hives. The allergist also may ask about whether anyone else in your family has allergies or other allergyrelated conditions. The allergist may also want to do a skin test. This is a way of seeing how your body reacts to a very small amount of the food that is

20、 giving you trouble.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了食物過敏癥的一些知識，包括食物過敏癥的癥狀及其應對措施等。5According to the passage, you will have a food allergy when your immune system _.Arecognizes tiny organisms in a certain foodBmistakenly makes antibodies to help fight off something in a certain foodCprevents something harmful in t

21、he food from entering your digestive systemDreleases chemicals to remove harmful things in a certain food解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“But if you have . dangerous to you.”可知，當你過敏時，你的免疫系統(tǒng)會誤認為某種食物中的某種物質是有害物質而產(chǎn)生抗體。故選B項。6In the sudden and severe allergic reaction, which of the following may happen?ABlood pressur

22、e rising.BLips swelling.CBreathing difficulty.DHeart beating becoming slow.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“This is a sudden . and blood vessels.”及下一句中的“breathing tubes can narrow”可知，過敏嚴重時可能會使呼吸管變窄，出現(xiàn)呼吸困難。故選C項。7Which of the following suggestions is given to those at risk of severe allergic reaction?ATaking medic

23、ine as soon as an allergic reaction appears.BAvoiding eating any food when going outside.CAlways carrying with special medicine for possible symptoms.DPreparing a plan for dealing with emergencies ahead of time.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句中的“People at risk for this kind of reaction have to be very careful a

24、nd need a plan for handling emergencies”可知，過敏者應提前做好應對突發(fā)事件的準備。故選D項。8What will an allergist do to check your food allergy out?AAsk you about the allergyassociated information.BGive you some medicine right away.CEnquire about your present feeling towards the food.DGive you a shot of liquid extract of f

25、ood.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第四、五句“The allergy specialist . or other allergyrelated conditions.”可知，過敏癥?？漆t(yī)師會詢問一些與過敏反應相關的問題。故答案為A項。CStressed? It is shown in recent research that walking or cycling to work calms you down (traveling by bus or train is also better than driving)“Walking to work reduces stress and

26、 improves brain power，” researchers say. Adults who stopped driving the car and started walking or cycling became calmer and found it easier to concentrate. A study of 18,000 Britons found that going to work by train or bus improved their wellbeing compared with driving.The study, published in the j

27、ournal Preventive Medicine, also found that the longer people spent walking or cycling, the happier or less stressed they were. However, stress levels and inability to concentrate worsened if they spent more time in the car.Lead researcher Adam Martin, from the University of East Anglias Norwich Med

28、ical School, said that despite the crowds and disruption, walking to bus stops or stations and being able to relax on the journey “cheer people up”. Two thirds drive to work, 18 percent use public transport, 11 percent walk and 3 percent cycle.A research earlier this year found that commuters (乘公共車輛

29、往返者) had small but statistically significant lower scores on all measures of wellbeing. The worst effects were witnessed in those whose journeys last between 61 and 90 minutes. But when commuting time reaches three hours or more, the negative effects disappeared, the report said.“The effects of comm

30、uting on personal wellbeing are the greatest for anxiety and happiness, suggesting that commuting affects daytoday emotions more than overall evaluations of satisfaction with life or the sense that daily activities are worthwhile，” the report stated.Dr Daniel Newman, from Cardiff Universitys Sustain

31、able Places Research Institute, said, “This report says that many of us, who spend mornings and evenings sitting in traffic jam, already know: commuting can be a chore.”語篇解讀：研究表明，騎車或步行上班有助于排解壓力，提高幸福指數(shù)。9What can be learned from Paragraph 1?ADriving for long drives people crazy.BFeeling stressed can b

32、e predicted.CWalking to work helps reduce stress.DTravelling by bus makes people excited.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。通讀第一段可以知道，步行去上班有利于緩解壓力。10Walking to work is something _.Apreferred by most peopleBeasier to perform in daily lifeCmaking people more creativeDbeneficial to the sense of happiness解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。第二、三段的內容告訴我

33、們：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)步行上班有助于提高幸福指數(shù)。11What does the underlined word “chore” probably mean?ATiresome task.BAmazing challenge.CMeaningless thing.DFinancial trouble.解析：選A詞義猜測題。最后一段中提到乘公交車上下班的人們早、晚都遇到交通堵塞，那肯定也是一件讓人感到討厭的事情。12What type of writing is this text?AA scientific report.BA transportation guide.CA policy announc

34、ement.DA new lifestyle introduction.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章多處提到的researchers say, The study以及A research可推測，本文應該屬于一篇科學研究報告。DContrary to popular belief, looking at someones face alone is not enough to tell us whether they are roaring in celebration or screaming in frustration, researchers claimed.While people

35、may believe they have the ability to read each others faces, body language is the real clue that shows whether strong emotions someone is feeling are positive or negative.In a study, groups of participants were shown a series of facial expressions such as tennis players photographed just after winni

36、ng or losing a point.In some cases the volunteers were able to see the players full body, but in others they were only shown either their face or their body with the other removed.Participants could clearly tell whether the players were winning or losing when they were shown the full picture or just

37、 the body, but their guesses were no better than chance when based on the face alone.Those who were allowed to see the full image were convinced they had made their judgment based on the players facial expressions even though results from the two other groups suggested otherwise.The researchers carr

38、ied out a second study where participants were shown a wider range of faces showing emotions including joy, pleasure, victory, pain and defeat.Using photoediting software, the researchers attached the faces to bodies expressing the opposite emotion, and asked participants to act out the emotions the

39、y saw in the photos.The resulting poses were like the body poses in the photographs but not the facial expressions, demonstrating that people base their interpretation of strong emotions not on the face but the body.Dr Aviezer, who led the study, said, “These results show that when emotions become e

40、xtremely intense, the difference between positive and negative facial expressions becomes unclear.The results may help researchers understand how our body interacts during emotional situations.For example, individuals may fail to recognize facial expressions, but if they are trained to process impor

41、tant body language, their performance may significantly improve.”語篇解讀：最新的研究表明：通過觀察別人的眼睛，人們并不能完全讀懂他們的心情，但如果通過肢體語言，人們卻能更好地了解別人在想什么。13What do we know about the first study?AThe participants were divided into four groups.BAll participants were given the same pictures to see.CIt proved that emotions infl

42、uence peoples body language.DParticipants could tell the players feelings when seeing the full picture.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。從第四段的“Participants could clearly tell whether the players were winning or losing when they were shown the full picture or just the body”可知D項正確。14What did Dr Aviezer think of the results

43、of the study?ARidiculous.BUseless.CUnrealistic. DHelpful.解析：選D推理判斷題。從最后一段的“The results may help researchers understand how our body interacts during emotional situations.”可知，Dr Aviezer認為這些結果在某個方面對其他研究有一定的幫助。15Which of the following can summarize the main idea of the passage?ABody rather than eyes is

44、 the window of the soul.BFacial expressions can reflect the emotions clearly.CResearchers link emotions to body language through software.DTwo studies focus on the link between body language and emotions.解析：選A主旨大意題。最新的研究表明：通過觀察別人的眼睛，人們并不能完全讀懂他們的心情，但如果通過肢體語言，人們卻更加清晰地知道別人在想什么。故選A項。.閱讀七選五(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分

45、10分)You want your essay to be the one that is passed around the admissions office or not? Its a little bit like the difference between being famous and infamous. Here are some basic tips to avoid that infamous essay： Dont write the “safe” essay._16_ It could be something that others have also experi

46、enced, but make sure to say how it affected you. Something personal and unique never fails to stand out. Avoid the generic and get specific.Never write that youre “well rounded” or that “many people have influenced” you. _17_ Real and specific experiences are a lot more convincing than something you

47、 copy from the Internet._18_ There is no need to share your participation level (hours per week and weeks per year) because colleges ask for that information on your activity list. It is important for the students to use every opportunity to show who they are and impress the admissions office. Dont

48、talk about rankings.Many students love focusing on the numbers when they are writing their “why this college” essay. They believe they are flattering (討好) the college by saying the reason why they want to attend is that the college is highly ranked in US News & World Report. Obviously schools are aw

49、are of their rankings. _19_ Dont complain.If you have gone through difficult circumstances, you should share your story. Dont point fingers. _20_ A better essay will talk about how you have dealt with, and hopefully overcome the obstacles you came across.AIts important to show patience and determina

50、tion.BThis applies to all types of essays.CDont forget about the activity list.DPick a topic that only you can write about.EThey just want to know why you want to attend.FDont repeat information that is elsewhere in your application.GTell the reader what youve done, how youve been influenced, and by

51、 whom.答案：1620DGFEA.完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)A crowd gathered recently to hear a popular jazz band. The music was good, and the 21 were very talented. But everyone had come to see one player 22， the 9yearold boy, Jose Andre Montano.Why were so many musiclovers interested in 23 this young man perform?

52、 It is because he is a jazz 24， and he is blind.Joses life began in Totora, Bolivia, 25 he was born blind. Yet 26 his lack of sight, the boy began playing the drums at the age of four. He showed a(n) 27 ability, and before long, he was playing the 28， too. By the age of five he had formed his own ja

53、zz trio (三重奏). His parents, along with everyone else, are 29 surprised by his wonderful talent. “I didnt know 30 before; he got me into it，” said his father, Roberto. “I dont know how to explain how it 31. Its like jazz was 32 inside him.”Many professional musicians are equally 33 and welcome the ch

54、ance to 34 with Jose. They have noticed his deep understanding of this unique form of music. Singer Vero Perez says the exceptional thing about Jose isnt his age or even his _35_. According to Perez, “He shows other musicians how jazz music really is to be played.”As Joses fame _36_， he has more cha

55、nces to tour and perform. He has traveled throughout Bolivia and into Brazil and Peru.When Jose is at home with his family, he is a _37_ little boy. He goes to school and does his homework. _38_ when he begins playing the piano or drums, his musical genius becomes obvious. Jose has proved that nothi

56、ng will keep him from doing what he loves best. His positive _39_ towards life encourages others to look past their own obstacles and _40_ their dreams.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。一個九歲的小男孩，先天失明，卻擁有非凡的音樂天賦。他對爵士樂的理解甚至超過了專業(yè)音樂家的水平。他積極樂觀的人生態(tài)度也鼓舞著人們去追求自己的夢想。21A.singersBactorsCmusicians Ddancers解析：選C根據(jù)文章第一句中“a popular j

57、azz band(流行爵士樂隊)”可知，此處指音樂很棒，這些樂隊成員也都很有才能。故選C項，意為“音樂家”。22A.in person Bin particularCby mistake Dby chance解析：選B根據(jù)句中“But”和“one player”可知，此處指盡管樂隊成員都很優(yōu)秀，但大家都尤其是來看Jose Andre Montano表演的。故選B項，意為“特別，尤其”。23A.celebrating BencouragingCnoticing Dwatching解析：選D根據(jù)句中“perform”可知，人們是來觀看Jose Andre Montano的演出的。故選D項，watc

58、h sb. do sth.意為“看某人做某事”。24A.genius BfoolCinventor Dconductor解析：選A根據(jù)下一段第二句中“the boy began playing the drums at the age of four”，該段第四句“By the age of five he had formed his own jazz trio (三重奏)”和該段第五句中“surprised by his wonderful talent”可知，Jose Andre Montano是個爵士天才。故選A項，意為“天才”。25A.what BwhereCwhen Dwhich解

59、析：選B分析句子結構可知，空格處所在句子是非限制性定語從句，先行詞“Totora”在從句中作地點狀語，意為“在這里”。故選B項。26A.through BforCalthough Ddespite解析：選D根據(jù)空格后的“his lack of sight”可知，空格處應用介詞；分析本句句意可知，逗號前后之間是讓步關系。D項是介詞，意為“雖然，盡管”，符合語境。27A.amusing BfrighteningCamazing Dinteresting解析：選C結合上文內容和常識可知，一個先天失明的孩子，四歲就開始擊鼓。這是一種令人驚嘆的才能。故選C項，意為“令人驚嘆的”。28A.drum Bco

60、mputerCsong Dpiano解析：選D根據(jù)上文可知，Jose Andre Montano是個音樂天才，再由第六段中“he begins playing the piano”可知，本句指不久后他開始彈鋼琴。故選D項，意為“鋼琴”。29A.continuously BnormallyCstrangely Dsuddenly解析：選A根據(jù)上文內容可知，Jose Andre Montano一直在展現(xiàn)他的音樂天賦。由此可知，此處指他的父母和其他人不斷地為他的音樂天賦感到驚訝。故選A項，意為“連續(xù)不斷地”。30A.rock BfolkCjazz Dblues解析：選C根據(jù)本段最后一句“Its li

61、ke jazz was _ inside him.”可知，此處指Jose的父親原來不懂爵士樂，是Jose讓他喜歡上了這種音樂。故選C項。31A.came about Bcame backCturned up Dturned off解析：選A本句中“it”指Jose Andre Montano從小就具有音樂天賦這件事。故此處應指Jose的父親不知道Jose 的音樂天賦是怎么產(chǎn)生的，因為他自己原來不懂爵士樂。故選A項，意為“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生”。32A.only BalreadyCnever Dhardly解析：選B根據(jù)上句可知，父親不知道Jose的音樂天賦是如何產(chǎn)生的。再結合空格后“inside him

62、”可知，此處指那好像是與生俱來的(早已在他體內)。故選B項，意為“已經(jīng)”。33A.depressed BconfusedCimpressed Dworried解析：選C根據(jù)句中“equally”可知，不光是聽眾對 Jose Andre Montano的爵士樂天賦驚嘆不已，許多專業(yè)的音樂家也被打動了。故選C項，意為“留下深刻印象的，被打動的”。34A.live BchatCfight Dperform解析：選D根據(jù)“musicians”和“welcome the chance”可知，這些專業(yè)的音樂家也樂意接受和Jose Andre Montano一起表演的機會。故選D項，意為“表演”。35A.c

63、arelessness BblindnessCdeafness Dloneliness解析：選B根據(jù)第二段第二句中“and he is blind”可知，答案為B項，意為“失明”。36A.promises BappearsClifts Dspreads解析：選D根據(jù)句中“he has more chances to tour and perform”可知，由于Jose Andre Montano的名聲傳播開來，他得到的巡演機會越來越多。故選D項，意為“傳播，散布”。37A.lazy BhappyCnormal Dfunny解析：選C根據(jù)下一句“He goes to school and does his homework.”可知，當在家里與家人共處時，Jose Andre Montano和別的孩子一樣上學、做作業(yè)，是一個正常的小男孩。C項意為“正常的”，符合句意。38A.But BSoCBecause DSince解析：選A根據(jù)語境可知，但是當他開始彈鋼琴或擊鼓時，他與眾不同的音樂天賦就展現(xiàn)出來了。本句與上句“他像正常小孩一樣上學、做作業(yè)”之間是轉折關系，故選A項。39A.success BattitudeCdream Dpe