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1、 REVISION OF REVISION OF THE PASSIVE THE PASSIVE INFINITIVEINFINITIVEUnit 2 GrammarTo be, or not to be - that is the question. Hamlet 1. Obviously, to be obeyed was natural to Jim.2. My brother appeared to be satisfied with the final result of the basketball match.3. It needs not to be said that the
2、y are very happy together.4. Joan is a girl easily to be frightened by dogs.5. At that moment, I had to shout loudly to be heard by everyone.6. The posters were ordered to be printed immediately.7. The manager ordered the posters to be printed immediately.8. Look, they are waiting for the door to be
3、 opened.9. Make sure that you know what is to be done.不定式語法不定式語法 不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時態(tài)共不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，時態(tài)共四種，即四種，即一般式、完成式、進行式和一般式、完成式、進行式和完成進行式完成進行式。語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被。語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，如下表所示。動語態(tài)，如下表所示。不定式被動式講與練不定式被動式講與練語態(tài)語態(tài) 時態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式 to do to be done完成式完成式 to have done to have been do
4、ne進行式進行式 to be doing/完成進行式完成進行式 to have been doing/當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時用主動語態(tài)；當動詞不定式的邏用主動語態(tài)；當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動輯主語是動詞不定式所表示的動作的承受者時用被動語態(tài)。進行作的承受者時用被動語態(tài)。進行式和完成進行式?jīng)]有被動語態(tài)。式和完成進行式?jīng)]有被動語態(tài)。1 現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時表示的動詞，：一般現(xiàn)在時表示的動詞， 有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時 發(fā)生，有時發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動發(fā)生，有時
5、發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動 作之后。作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again. 2 完成時完成時：表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動：表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動 詞表示的動作之前。詞表示的動作之前。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3 進行時：進行時：強調(diào)動作已在延續(xù)或動作強調(diào)動作已在延續(xù)或動作 正在進行。正在進行。 They seem to be getting alon
6、g well with their new jobs. He seems to be eating something.4 完成進行時：完成進行時：表示動作是在謂語動表示動作是在謂語動 詞所表示的動作之前就一直在進行。詞所表示的動作之前就一直在進行。 They are said to have been collecting stamps for over twenty years. He appears to have been waiting a long time. 不定式的被動形式有下列用法不定式的被動形式有下列用法: :(1) 作主語作主語 It is an honour for m
7、e to be asked to speak here.(2) 作賓語作賓語 She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.一一 當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表當不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要采用被動形式。采用被動形式。(3) 構(gòu)成復合賓語構(gòu)成復合賓語 He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.(4) 構(gòu)成復合謂語構(gòu)成復合謂語 The books are not
8、allowed to be taken out of the room.(5) 作定語作定語Are you going to the meeting to be heldin the teachers office?(6) 作狀語作狀語She was too young to be assigned suchwork.二、不定式有時還可以有完成式的被動二、不定式有時還可以有完成式的被動式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者式，在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構(gòu)成復合賓語、復合謂語等，如：構(gòu)成復合賓語、復合謂語等，如：It is a good thing for him to have beencri
9、ticized. (主語主語)She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (賓語賓語)He thought it an honour to have beeninvited to the party. (復合賓語復合賓語)The book is said to have been translatedinto many languages. (復合謂語復合謂語)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定語定語) 三、不定式的主動形式表示被動三、不定式
10、的主動形式表示被動1. 在在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：例如：There is a lot of homework to do(也可用也可用to be done)There is no time to lose (to be lost).2. 在在“npron + be + adj + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用的形容詞有中。常用的形容詞有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。等。例如：例如：He
11、is hard to convince.He is an impossible person to work with3. 在在“tooto do; enoughto”結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：構(gòu)中。如：The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.4. 在在“with+n+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：例如：With nothing to do, he lay in bedWith so many exercises to do, I cant go to t
12、he cinema5. 當不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時。當不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時。 例如：例如： I have a letter to type today Do you have anything to say?(I是是to type的邏輯主語的邏輯主語) (you是是to say的邏輯主語的邏輯主語)6. 當不定式隱含在當不定式隱含在for sb to do結(jié)構(gòu)中時。結(jié)構(gòu)中時。This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we l
13、eave the house7. 一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式。一些作表語用的不定式的主動形式。 常見的這類動詞有常見的這類動詞有l(wèi)et(出租出租), rent， hire, blame等。等。 The house is to let I felt I was to blame.動詞不定式主動語態(tài)形式的使用要比動詞不定式主動語態(tài)形式的使用要比被動語態(tài)形式的使用普遍，有時（尤被動語態(tài)形式的使用普遍，有時（尤其在口語中）雖然意思上是被動的，其在口語中）雖然意思上是被動的，也往往用主動語態(tài)形式來表示。也往往用主動語態(tài)形式來表示。I have three motors to repair today
14、.The task is difficult to finish on time.NOTICENOTICE1. My ambition is _ to the university which has the most excellent sporting facilities in Beijing. A. to admit B. to be admitted C. to be admitting D. to have been admitted課堂練兵課堂練兵2. Young as he is, he doesnt like _ as a child. A. to treat B. trea
15、ting C. to be treated D. to be treating3. The professor and his fellow workers were sent there _ for the space flight. A. train B. to be training C. to have been trained D. to be trained4. Lily has been invited to a garden party _ next Saturday evening. A. to be held B. to hold C. to be holding D. t
16、o have been held5. Jack is reported _ chairman of the trade union by all members. A. to choose B. to have been chosen C. to be choosing D. to be chosen6. Is Mary still studying? Im afraid not. She is said _ the classroom already. A. to be left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to have left7. Do le
17、t your parents know all the truth. They appear _ everything. A. to have been told B. to tell C. to be telling D. to be told1. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _. (2006 江西卷江西卷) A. to make B. to be made C. making D. being made2. Energy drinks are not allowed
18、_ in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (2006 上海卷上海卷) A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (2007 江西卷江西卷) A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained4. The childre
19、n talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. (2007 浙江卷浙江卷) A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard 5. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008 北京卷北京卷) A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed6. The message is very important, so it is suppos
20、ed _ as soon as possible. (2008 陜西卷陜西卷) A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending7. We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday. (2009 山東卷山東卷) A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding8. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. (2010 全國全國I卷卷)
21、 A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made1. The dishes need 2. The mail is intended Sentence Makingwashsendto be washed. to be sent. 3. The singer refused4. The house isphotographsellto be photographed. to be sold. 5. The wall is expectedpaintto be painted. frighten6. The bird seemsto
22、be frightened.1. She hates _ by her classmates.2. Tim refused _ by his father to school. 3. She struggled _ by the French visitors. to be accompaniedto be understoodFill in the blanks.accompany understand envylaughed at discuss testto be laughed at4. These are the issues _ tomorrow.5. The new drug is _ out on 500 patients next year.6. She was very beautiful but she didnt like _ by all the girls she met. to be testedto be enviedto be discussedaccompany understand envylaughed at discuss test
高中英語 U2P3 Grammar2課件 新人教版選修7
