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1、Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World Grammar 1.Know the meaning of “modals + have done” .2. Learn the usage of “modals + have done” such as “could have done” “might have done” “must have done” .Learning aimsRead the sentences and discuss on what condition we can use them.Leading-in1)
2、They might have killed each other.2) He must have known the news.3) You should have come here yesterday.4) We could have worked out the problem.情態(tài)動詞動詞完成時情態(tài)動詞動詞完成時一、情態(tài)動詞動詞完成時一、情態(tài)動詞動詞完成時,表示對過去的行為或動表示對過去的行為或動作進行推測或判斷。作進行推測或判斷。 (1)must have done 用于肯定句中，表示對過去某事用于肯定句中，表示對過去某事的肯定猜測。其否定或疑問形式都用的肯定猜測。其否定或疑問形式
3、都用 can (could)來來表示。例如：表示。例如：Since the road is wet，it must have rained last night.路面是濕的，昨晚肯定下過雨。路面是濕的，昨晚肯定下過雨。He cant have missed the way. I drew him a map.他不可能迷路。我（當時）給他畫了張地圖。他不可能迷路。我（當時）給他畫了張地圖。 GrammarHe _ _ _ _that town.他不可能去過那個城鎮(zhèn)。他不可能去過那個城鎮(zhèn)。He _ _ _Anna yesterday. Shes gone abroad.昨天他不可能見過安娜。她出國
4、了。昨天他不可能見過安娜。她出國了。 (2)can/could have done 用于否定句或疑問句中，表懷用于否定句或疑問句中，表懷疑；也表示對過去沒發(fā)生行為的肯定推測。疑；也表示對過去沒發(fā)生行為的肯定推測。cannot have been tocouldnt have seen (3)may/might have donemay/might have done用于否定句或肯定句中，用于否定句或肯定句中， 表示推表示推測過去某事測過去某事“也許也許”發(fā)生了，用于不肯定的推測。發(fā)生了，用于不肯定的推測。may 比比 might 表示的可能性在說話人看來稍大些。表示的可能性在說話人看來稍大些。
5、I cant find my keys. I might have left them at the school yesterday.我找不到我的鑰匙。我可能昨天把它們落在學(xué)校了。我找不到我的鑰匙。我可能昨天把它們落在學(xué)校了。 He might not have got your letter.他可能沒有收到你的信。他可能沒有收到你的信。The room is dark. I think he may have gone to bed.房間是黑暗的。我想他可能已經(jīng)上床睡覺了。房間是黑暗的。我想他可能已經(jīng)上床睡覺了。二、情態(tài)動詞表達虛擬語氣：表達二、情態(tài)動詞表達虛擬語氣：表達“本來本來”，“不
6、不然早就然早就”。這是情態(tài)動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。表。這是情態(tài)動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。表示說話人所講的與所發(fā)生的事實相反。表達了說話人埋示說話人所講的與所發(fā)生的事實相反。表達了說話人埋怨、后悔的語氣。怨、后悔的語氣。could have done 本來能夠本來能夠might have done 本來可以本來可以should / ought to have done 本應(yīng)該本應(yīng)該shouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done 本不該本不該neednt have done 本來沒必要本來沒必要had better have done 當時最好做了當時最好做了wo
7、uld rather have done 當時寧愿做了當時寧愿做了We could have walked to the station；it was so near.Yes. A taxi wasnt necessary at all.我們原本是能走到車站的；它這么近。我們原本是能走到車站的；它這么近。 是的，出租車一點也沒必要。是的，出租車一點也沒必要。 (1) could have done用來表示責備語氣，意為用來表示責備語氣，意為“過去本過去本來能夠來能夠，而實際上卻未，而實際上卻未”?！炯磳W(xué)即練】【即學(xué)即練】The driver _the accident.司機本可以避免這次車禍的
8、。（但沒能避免）司機本可以避免這次車禍的。（但沒能避免）could have avoided(2)might have done “本來可以做某事或可能做某本來可以做某事或可能做某事事”，含有輕微的責備語氣。，含有輕微的責備語氣。You might have given him more help, though you were busy.你本來可以給他更多的幫助，雖然你很忙。你本來可以給他更多的幫助，雖然你很忙。 They _ _ _frozen to death but for the rescue in time.要不是及時營救的話，他們可能就被凍死了。要不是及時營救的話，他們可能就被
9、凍死了。 might have been With all the work finished，I should have gone to the party last night.所有的工作都做完了，我昨天晚上本應(yīng)該去參加晚會所有的工作都做完了，我昨天晚上本應(yīng)該去參加晚會的。的。 You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.你本不應(yīng)該嘲笑他的。他不是你嘲笑的人而恰恰是你你本不應(yīng)該嘲笑他的。他不是你嘲笑的人而恰恰是你應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的人。應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)的人。(3)ought to/s
10、hould have done和和ought not to/shouldnt have done用于對已發(fā)生的情況表示用于對已發(fā)生的情況表示“責備責備”“”“不滿不滿”，分別表示分別表示“本應(yīng)該做（而沒做）本應(yīng)該做（而沒做）”和和“本不應(yīng)該做本不應(yīng)該做（而做了）（而做了）”。Yon neednt have waken me up; I dont have to go to work today.你本沒必要叫醒我你本沒必要叫醒我; 我今天不上班。我今天不上班?！炯磳W(xué)即練】【即學(xué)即練】 (4)neednt have doneneednt have done 表示過去做了某事，但沒有做的必表示過去做
11、了某事，但沒有做的必要，意為要，意為“本沒必要做（而做了）本沒必要做（而做了）”。He is still young.You _him such an expensive present.他還小，你本沒必要送他這么昂貴的禮物。他還小，你本沒必要送他這么昂貴的禮物。neednt have sent(5) had better have done 用于事后的建議，含輕微用于事后的建議，含輕微責備的語氣，為責備的語氣，為“當時最好做了某事當時最好做了某事”。You had better have started earlier.你當時最好早點動身的。你當時最好早點動身的。 （沒有早點動身）（沒有早點
12、動身）(6) would rather have done 表示表示“當時寧愿做了某事當時寧愿做了某事”。I would rather have taken his advice then.我寧愿當時聽了他的建議。我寧愿當時聽了他的建議。（實際沒聽）（實際沒聽）【高考鏈接】【高考鏈接】1.（2015 天津高考）天津高考）I _have worried before I came to the new school , for my classmates are very friendly to me. A.mightnt B. mustnt C.neednt D. couldnt【解題關(guān)鍵解題
13、關(guān)鍵】句意句意:來新學(xué)校前我本沒有必要擔心的來新學(xué)校前我本沒有必要擔心的,因為因為我我的同學(xué)都對我很友好。的同學(xué)都對我很友好。neednt have done本沒本沒有必要做某事。有必要做某事。2. (2015重慶重慶高考高考)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingwayhis famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A. didnt write B. hadnt written C .wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written【解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵】此處表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的虛擬此處表示對過去發(fā)生的
14、事情的虛擬,介詞短介詞短語語without.相當于相當于if he hadnt had his wartime experiences,故主句謂語要用故主句謂語要用wouldnt have done。3. (2014陜西高考陜西高考)My book,The House of Hades,is missing.Whohave taken it?A.needB.mustC.shouldD.could【解題關(guān)鍵】【解題關(guān)鍵】句意句意:我的書哈迪斯之屋不見了我的書哈迪斯之屋不見了,誰誰有可能拿走了呢有可能拿走了呢? could表示推測時表示推測時,常用于否定句或疑常用于否定句或疑問句中問句中,翻譯為翻
15、譯為“有可能有可能”。4.（2013遼寧高考）遼寧高考）Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _ too much at the party last night.A. could drink B. should drinkC. would have drunk D. must have drunk【解題關(guān)鍵解題關(guān)鍵】句意句意:Harry感到不舒服。他一定是在感到不舒服。他一定是在昨晚的聚會上喝了太多的酒。根據(jù)句意是對發(fā)生在昨晚的聚會上喝了太多的酒。根據(jù)句意是對發(fā)生在過去的情況的推測，所以用過去的情況的推測，所以用must have done。1. He _ t
16、he examination, _ he wasnt careful enough.他本該通過此次考試的，但是他太不仔細了。他本該通過此次考試的，但是他太不仔細了。2. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come，but why didnt you？昨晚的晚會很有意思，你本該來的，但是你怎么沒來？昨晚的晚會很有意思，你本該來的，但是你怎么沒來？should have passedbutought to have doneClass exercises3. We _ the manager， but no one _ his te
17、lephone number.我們本能夠給經(jīng)理打電話的，但是沒人知道他的號碼。我們本能夠給經(jīng)理打電話的，但是沒人知道他的號碼。could have calledknew4. I didnt see her last night at the party. You _ . But you came too late. 我在昨晚的宴會上沒見到她。我在昨晚的宴會上沒見到她。 你本能夠見到她的?？墒悄銇淼锰砹?。你本能夠見到她的?？墒悄銇淼锰砹?。could have5. They _ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming
18、 for some reasons.A. can have lost B. may have lost C. can have missed D. may have missed6. Sorry. I am late. I _ not have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. should B. can C. will D. might7.As it turned out to be a small party, we _ so formally.A. neednt dress up B. couldnt
19、have dressed upC. shouldnt dress up D. neednt have dressed up8. _ it have been wrong directions from the control room that caused the air crash?A. Must B. Could C. Would D. ShouldReview the grammar we have learned this class. HomeworkWhat makes life dreary is the want of motive. George Eliot 沒有了目的，生活便黯淡無光。 喬治 艾略特
課時講練通高中英語 Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World Grammar2課件 外研版必修4
