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1、返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷 推理判斷題屬于高層次閱讀理解題。這種題型包括判斷題和推理題。這兩類(lèi)題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴(lài)于合乎邏輯的推理。做好該題型要從整體上把握語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，在語(yǔ)篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起橋梁，透過(guò)字里行間去體會(huì)作者的“弦外之音”。推理判斷題常?？梢苑譃槿缦聨最?lèi)：1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷。如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系等；2.邏輯推斷。根據(jù)已知的結(jié)果推斷導(dǎo)致結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的可能原因；3.目的、意圖、態(tài)度推斷。根據(jù)文章的論述推斷作者的寫(xiě)作目的以及作者的情感態(tài)度；4.預(yù)測(cè)想象推斷。文章沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)明，要求根據(jù)語(yǔ)
2、篇對(duì)文章可能涉及的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)判斷。返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷一、推理判斷題主要的設(shè)題方式有：1It can be inferred from the passage(or the last paragraph)that2It can be learned from the passage(or the last paragraph)that3It can be concluded from the passage(or the last paragraph)that4It implies that5Where would you most pr
3、obably find this passage?6What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)?返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷 二、推理判斷題主要的解題策略有： 1根據(jù)不同文體，推斷目的意圖。不同的文章可能有不同的寫(xiě)作目的， 通常作者的寫(xiě)作目的有以下三種：(1)to entertain readers(娛樂(lè)讀者，讓人發(fā)笑)，常見(jiàn)于故事類(lèi)的文章。(2)to persuade readers(說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)),常見(jiàn)于廣告類(lèi)的文章。
4、(3)to inform readers(告知讀者某些信息)，多見(jiàn)于科普類(lèi)新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)文化類(lèi)或社會(huì)類(lèi)的文章。高考閱讀試題涉及各類(lèi)文章，而主要以議論文為主。返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷文章的主題句、核心句往往會(huì)直接或間接地表明作者的態(tài)度立場(chǎng)；閱讀理解中也有說(shuō)明文、描述文。前者因?yàn)槠潴w裁的客觀性，所以作者的態(tài)度也往往采取中立。而后者因?yàn)槠湮恼掠^點(diǎn)往往不直接提出，而且作者寫(xiě)作時(shí)也常帶有某種傾向性，所以，閱讀時(shí)要善于根據(jù)文章的文體來(lái)推斷作者的情感態(tài)度和目的。2根據(jù)用詞風(fēng)格，推斷情感態(tài)度。一篇好的文章，其用詞風(fēng)格常常直接流露或蘊(yùn)含作者的內(nèi)心世界和情感態(tài)度。所以
5、閱讀時(shí)要善于捕捉表達(dá)或暗示情感態(tài)度的句子或短語(yǔ)，捕捉那些烘托氣氛，渲染情感的詞句，進(jìn)而很好地洞察作者的思想傾向，是支持、反對(duì)抑或中立。返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷對(duì)于選項(xiàng)而言，要分清選項(xiàng)中的褒義詞、中性詞和貶義詞，以此對(duì)照全文。如：(1)表示褒義的詞語(yǔ)：positive贊成的；supporting支持的；praising贊揚(yáng)的；optimistic樂(lè)觀的；admiring羨慕的；enthusiastic熱情的；(2)表示中性的詞語(yǔ)：uninterested無(wú)興趣的，不感興趣的； neutral中立的；impersonal不帶個(gè)人感情的；subjec
6、tive主觀的；objective客觀的；(3)表示貶義的詞語(yǔ)：disgusted感到惡心的，厭惡的；critical批評(píng)的；negative 否定的，反對(duì)的；suspicious懷疑的；worried 擔(dān)憂(yōu)的。返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷3根據(jù)寫(xiě)作思路，推斷段落發(fā)展。不同的文體，寫(xiě)作思路和寫(xiě)作手法也不盡相同。做題時(shí)，要善于體會(huì)作者的寫(xiě)作思路，揣摩作者的謀篇布局，從宏觀上洞察文章的結(jié)構(gòu)框架；同時(shí)，還要把握作者行文時(shí)所運(yùn)用的修辭手段，如對(duì)比、排比等。通過(guò)梳理寫(xiě)作思路，領(lǐng)悟?qū)懽魇址ǎ纯蓪?duì)文章的發(fā)展做出比較科學(xué)合理的推斷和預(yù)測(cè)。返回目錄返回目錄技法技法
7、8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷4根據(jù)事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，推斷合理信息。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定判斷和推理，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是說(shuō)，要做到判斷有據(jù)， 推論有理， 忠實(shí)原文。切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。返回目錄返回目錄例例 2012四川卷四川卷 On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we w
8、atch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house. Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour befo
9、re. Each look reminds us where we are. There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees. 返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷 Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and apprecia
10、tion. As they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple(楓樹(shù)楓樹(shù))makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees. The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have
11、one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything against that. 返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷 The seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars(楊樹(shù)楊樹(shù)) putting out the first green leaves of sp
12、ring. The rainbow smelt fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake. 返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷 1What can be learned from Paragraph 2?AThe sce
13、nes are colourful and changeable.BThere are many windows in the wooden house.CThe views remind us that we are in a wooden house.DThe lakes outside the windows are quite different in colour.2By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that _Athe kids like playing in treesBthe kids a
14、re very familiar with treesCthe kids have learned much knowledgeDthe kids find trees useful learning tools返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷 3What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?AThe change of seasons is easily felt.BThe seasons make the scenes change.CThe weather often c
15、hanges in the forest.DThe door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷4What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?ATo describe the beauty of the scene around the house.BTo introduce her childrens happy life in the forest.CTo show that living in
16、 the forest is healthful.DTo share the joy of living in the nature.返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷點(diǎn)睛點(diǎn)睛 本文描述了作者與家人身居大自然中的切身感本文描述了作者與家人身居大自然中的切身感受。文章主要展示了作者居住環(huán)境的優(yōu)美和在此美景中受。文章主要展示了作者居住環(huán)境的優(yōu)美和在此美景中生活的愜意。本文的四個(gè)命題均涉及推理判斷生活的愜意。本文的四個(gè)命題均涉及推理判斷。1A推理判斷題。本段中提到，每面窗戶(hù)都會(huì)有一幅推理判斷題。本段中提到，每面窗戶(hù)都會(huì)有一幅不同的風(fēng)景，森林和湖泊與一小時(shí)之前所
17、見(jiàn)到的都不一不同的風(fēng)景，森林和湖泊與一小時(shí)之前所見(jiàn)到的都不一樣。據(jù)此可知，作者身居的環(huán)境是多彩和變化的。故選樣。據(jù)此可知，作者身居的環(huán)境是多彩和變化的。故選A。2C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段話中推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段話中“Our kids have learned the names of the treesAs they tell allwhite pines are the best climbing trees.”可知孩子們已經(jīng)了解了可知孩子們已經(jīng)了解了周?chē)h(huán)境包括樹(shù)在內(nèi)的很多知識(shí)。故答案選周?chē)h(huán)境包括樹(shù)在內(nèi)的很多知識(shí)。故答案選C。返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解
18、技法之推理判斷3A推理判斷題。根據(jù)本段對(duì)于周?chē)笞匀坏淖兓耐评砼袛囝}。根據(jù)本段對(duì)于周?chē)笞匀坏淖兓拿枋隹芍?，作者身處此地，能夠很容易地感覺(jué)到季節(jié)的描述可知，作者身處此地，能夠很容易地感覺(jué)到季節(jié)的變換。故答案為變換。故答案為A。4D推理判斷題。此題推測(cè)文章的寫(xiě)作目的。通讀全推理判斷題。此題推測(cè)文章的寫(xiě)作目的。通讀全文不難了解，作者是與讀者分享身居大自然中的快樂(lè)生文不難了解，作者是與讀者分享身居大自然中的快樂(lè)生活。故答案為活。故答案為D。返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷【活學(xué)活用【活學(xué)活用】2012課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 (節(jié)選節(jié)選)The baby i
19、s just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert(警覺(jué)警覺(jué)). Twenty centimetres from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently
20、spaced. As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝視凝視) starts to lose its focusuntil a third, with three black spots, is presented. 返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is d
21、ifferent from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world? Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment，but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were sh
22、own cards with pictures of objects(a comb，a key，an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. 返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷Could it be the pattern that two things make，as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention
23、to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同樣地同樣地) when the res
24、earchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷60The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the babys _Asense of hearing Bsense of sightCsense of touch Dsense of smell62Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?ATo reduce the difficult
25、y of the experiment.BTo see how babies recognize sounds.CTo carry their experiment further.DTo keep the babies interest.返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷63Where does this text probably come from?AScience fiction.BChildrens literature.CAn advertisement.DA science report.返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷
26、閱讀理解技法之推理判斷 解析解析 本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，通過(guò)變化紙上的黑點(diǎn)及鼓的本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，通過(guò)變化紙上的黑點(diǎn)及鼓的敲打次數(shù)對(duì)嬰兒的視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)敲打次數(shù)對(duì)嬰兒的視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。60B推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Twenty centimetres from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another”描寫(xiě)可知，本段是對(duì)孩子的視覺(jué)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選描寫(xiě)可知，本段是對(duì)孩子的視覺(jué)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選B。返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷62C推理判斷題。文章第一段描述對(duì)孩子的視力進(jìn)行推理判斷題。文章第一段描述對(duì)孩子的視力進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，接下來(lái)用鼓來(lái)對(duì)孩子的聽(tīng)力繼續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。所以選實(shí)驗(yàn)，接下來(lái)用鼓來(lái)對(duì)孩子的聽(tīng)力繼續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。所以選C。63D推理判斷題?？v觀文章，這是一篇醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)推理判斷題?？v觀文章，這是一篇醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告，所以選告，所以選D。返回目錄返回目錄技法技法8 8閱讀理解技法之推理判斷閱讀理解技法之推理判斷
高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)項(xiàng)技法8 閱讀理解之推理判斷課件 外研版
