園藝專業(yè)英語第二版 教學PPT課件
園藝專業(yè)英語第二版 教學PPT課件,園藝專業(yè)英語第二版,教學PPT課件,園藝,專業(yè),英語,第二,教學,PPT,課件
English For HorticultureAimsListeningSpeakingReadingwritingReferencesReferencehttp:/en.wikipedia.orghttp:/ 1:Horticulture in daily lifeKey QuestionsWhy is horticulture a science,technology,and an industry?What are the three major areas of horticulture?What is the history of horticulture?Why is horticulture popular?n nWhy is horticulture a science,technology,and an industry?Why is horticulture a science,a technology,and an industry?Agriculture-The production of plants and animals to meet basic human needs(food,clothing,shelter).Includes three important areas:HorticultureAgronomyForestryAgronomyProduction of traditional crops,such as grain and fiber.ForestryProduction of trees for timberHorticultureHorticulture is that part of plant agriculture concerned with so-called“garden crops”,as contrasted with agronomy(field crops,mainly grains,forages(飼料)and fiber)and forestry(forest trees and products).Horticulture thus can be defined the branch of agriculture concerned with intensively(集約地)cultured plants directly used by people for food,for medicinal purposes,or for esthetic(美學的)gratification(滿足,喜悅).HorticultureCulture of plants for food,comfort,and beauty1.The cultivation of a garden,orchard,or nursery;the cultivation of flowers,fruits,vegetables,or ornamental plants2.The science and art of cultivating such plants.Where does the word horticulture come from?Latin derivativeHortus(garden)+Colere(cultivate)=HorticultureThe horticulture industryAll activities that support meeting the needs of consumers of horticulture products1.Supply and service to growers2.Production of crops3.Processing crops4.Marketing5.DistributionHow is horticulture a science?BotanyThe study of plants including the life cycle,structure,growth,and classificationCombines plant science,soil science,&biotechnologyWhat is horticulture technology?Applies science to horticulture productionTools used to control and manage plants environmentCultural practices to impact visual,functional,and productive qualities of plantsKey QuestionsWhy is horticulture a science,technology,and an industry?What are the three major areas of horticulture?What is the history of horticulture?Why is horticulture popular?What are the three major areas of horticulture?Ornamental Horticulture-growing and using plants for their beauty inside and outside our homes.Food Crop Production-growing crops for use as food.Olericulture and pomologyWhat are the 3 major areas of ornamental horticulture?FloricultureLandscape horticultureInteriorscapingWhat is floriculture?Production,transportation,and use of flower and foliage plantsGrowing flowers for floral designsGrowing potted plants to sellGrowing bedding plants for transplanting into gardensWhat is landscape horticulture?Producing and using plants to make our outdoor environment more appealingNursery:place where plants,shrubs,and trees are started for transplantingLandscape operators:design planting plans,install material,and maintain plantsLawn and turf maintenance:planting,fertilizing,and mowing turfgrassesGolf course management:maintain all the grass areas of the golf courseWhat is interiorscaping?Use of foliage plants,grown and sold for their beautiful colored leaves and stems,to create pleasing and comfortable areas inside buildingsWhat is Food Crop Production?Growing crops for foodOlericulture-growing,harvesting,storing,processing,and marketing vegetablesExamplesPomology-growing,harvesting,storing,processing,and marketing of fruits and nutsExamplesOlericulture lThe science of vegetable growing,dealing with the culture of non-woody(herbaceous)plants for food.lThe production of plants for use of the edible parts.lOlericulture deals with the production,storage,processing and marketing of vegetables.lIt encompasses crop establishment,including cultivar selection,seedbed preparation and establishment of vegetable crops by seed and transplants.lIt also includes maintenance and care of vegetable crops as well commercial and non-traditional vegetable crop production including organic gardening and organic farming;sustainable agriculture and horticulture;hydroponics;and biotechnology.Vegetable crops can be classified into 9 major categories:1.Potherbs and greens-spinach and collards2.Salad crops-lettuce,celery3.Cole crops-cabbage and cauliflower4.Root crops(tubers)-potatoes,beets,carrots,radishes5.Bulb crops-onions,leeks6.Legumes-beans,peas7.Cucurbits-melons,squash,cucumber8.Solanaceous crops-tomatoes,peppers9.Sweet cornPomology lPomology(from Latin pomum(fruit)+-logy)is a branch of botany that studies and cultivates fruit.The denomination fruticultureintroduced from Romance languages(from Latin fructus and cultura)is also used.lPomological research is mainly focused on the development,cultivation and physiological studies of stone fruit trees.The goals of fruit tree improvement include enhancement of fruit quality,regulation of production periods,and reduction of production cost.Key QuestionsWhy is horticulture a science,technology,and an industry?What are the three major areas of horticulture?What is the history of horticulture?Why is horticulture popular?How did horticulture evolve?European influence on horticultureEarly U.S.horticultureEuropean Influence on HorticultureTheophrastus(371-287 B.C.)Greek horticulturistSpeculated that roots absorb nutrients for plantsObserved the differences between the leaves of germinating seeds of wheat and beansDescribed how root pruning encouraged the flowering and fruiting of plantsEuropean Influence on HorticultureRomansUsed legumes to improve poor soilUsed manure to improve productionUsed cultivation for weed controlEuropean Influence on HorticultureVarro(116-20 B.C.)Roman horticulturistDeveloped techniques of post-harvest storageEuropean Influence on HorticulturePedanius Dioscorides(40-90 AD)Greek physician,herbalist(pharmacologist)and botanistWrote De Materia Medica that served as the authority for 1,500 yearsIdentified plants that had medicinal propertiesEuropean Influence on HorticultureCarolus Linnaeus(1701-1778)Swedish botanist and physicianDeveloped method for classifying plants through binomial nomenclatureEuropean Influence on HorticultureCharles Darwin(1809-1882)English naturalistWrote The Power of Movement in Plants which described phototropism and geotropismEuropean Influence on HorticultureGregor Mendel(1822-1884)Austrian monkLaid the foundation for the science of botany and geneticsEarly U.S.HorticulturePrince NurseryFirst commercial nursery founded during early 1730sGrew rapidly until the American RevolutionPublished a catalog in 1794 which contained an extensive list of cultivarsMajor supplier of the Lombardy poplar(箭桿楊)after its introduction in 1784Early U.S.HorticultureAndrew J.Downing(1815-1852)First great American landscape gardenerCottage ResidencesnFrederick Law Olmstead(1822-1903)Father of landscape architecturePrimary landscape architect for Central Park in N.Y.Early U.S.HorticultureA map of Central Park from 1875One of four rustic landing stages on the LakeAngel of the Waters,in Bethesda Fountain(sculpted 1873)Early U.S.HorticultureLiberty Hyde Bailey(1858-1954)American horticulturist,botanist and cofounder of the American Society for Horticultural ScienceWritings serve as the standard authority on plant nomenclature,taxonomy,pruning,etc.Wrote Manual of Cultivated Plants,Hortus Second,and How Plants Get Their NamesKey QuestionsWhy is horticulture a science,technology,and an industry?What are the three major areas of horticulture?What is the history of horticulture?Why is horticulture popular?Why is horticulture so popular?Increased awareness and job market in horticultureFood and crop productionTechnology advancements and jobsProfessional interest in horticulture as a careerDiploma,associates degrees,bachelors,masters,and P.H.D.s in horticultureWhat careers are available in the horticulture industry?Key QuestionsHow do you prepare for a career in horticulture?How do you get and succeed in a job?What careers are available in horticulture?How do you prepare for a career in horticulture?What is a career?The general direction of a persons life as related to work in the field of horticulture.Includes several horticulture jobs and occupationsStart at the bottom and work your way up on the basis of interest,productivity,and educationWhat is an occupation?Specific work that has a title and general duties that a person in the occupation would performOrganized in sequenceEntry-level occupations-no experienceWhat is a job?Specific work that a person performsMost often at a certain site and performed for salary and benefitsJobs are with specific employers,occupations can be found at many employersWhat are personal skills?Abilities of an individual to relate to other people in a productive mannerNeeded to be successfulCan be developedShow that you are productiveWhat is a career goal?The level of accomplishment you want to make in your workGoal setting1.Describe what you want to achieve in life2.Set steps to achieve each goal3.Determine ways and means to meet the goal4.Set deadline for reaching each step.What education and training is available for a horticulture career?Community Colleges:1-2 yr programsUniversities:B.S.,M.S.,and PHD degreesGain background in plant science and related areasHow do you get and succeed in a job?How do I find a job?Contact an employer in person,by telephone,or by e-mailVisit personnel offices of employersVisit placement officesLook for help wanted ads in papers,mags,television,radio,internetAsk around/networkHow do I apply for a job?Fill out an applicationWrite a letter of applicationPrepare a personal data sheet/resumeInterview*Make sure you proofread your written material(misspellings,incorrect grammar,messy writing,false info)What do I do in an interview?Make personal appearance with the employer to discuss yourself and the jobGuidelines:Take needed info and materialsGroom and dress appropriatelyBE ON TIMESpeak clearly and confidentlyUse good mannersThank them for interviewing youWhat personal skills do I need to get along on the job?Work ethic:reflects your attitude toward workShow pride in work,take care of tools and equipment,doing extra workGetting along with peopleHonesty:dont steal,lie or cheatLifestyle:how you go about livingGet enough sleep,exercise,eat the right foods,avoid alcohol and drugsEnthusiasm:the energy you demonstrate when talking or movingDedication:loyalty to workDo what needs to be done as efficiently as possibleEducation and skill:gained thru school and experienceDress,grooming,and hygiene:what image do you haveDress appropriately,leave off distracting jewelry,bathe regularly,use deodorant,brush teethWhat personal skills do I need to get along on the job?(continued)What careers are available in the horticulture industry?What careers are available in horticulture?Horticulture therapistExtension AgentConsultantCommunicator in HorticultureTeacherResearch Scientist and Technician or AssistantPlant InspectorFruits and VegetablesWhat is a fruit?An organ that develops from the ovary(子房)of a flowering plant and contains one or more seeds.OrThe perfect snack food(休閑食品),the basis of a dessert,colorful sauce or soup or an accompaniment(添加劑)to meat,fish,or poultry(禽類).What is fruit sugar called?Fructose(果糖)Fruits are classified.Classified by growing season and location.Summer FruitWinter FruitTropical Fruit(熱帶水果)Summer FruitsBerries,cherries,grapes,melons,peaches,plums and pears.stone fruit,drupe(核果)Most are delicious raw,also popular baked or cooked.BerriesMost perishable(易腐),tender and fragileHandle as little as possibleDont wash until usedTechnically grapes are berriesMelonsCantaloupe(哈密瓜)Crenshaw(克蘭省甜瓜)Honeydew(甜蜜瓜)WatermelonFrom the squashfamilyWinter FruitsCitrus(柑橘類的植物)such as oranges,grapefruits(葡萄柚),lemons,limes(酸橙),tangerines(蜜桔)ApplesTropical FruitsNamed for climateIncludes figs(無花果),dates(椰棗),bananas,papayas(木瓜),pineapple,pomegranates(石榴)and passion fruit(西番蓮果).VegetablesEdible(可食用的)herb-like plant.Leaves,fruit,stems,roots,tubers(塊莖),seeds&flowersFlower VegetableIncludes broccoli,cauliflower(菜花),artichokes(洋薊)They are the flower of the plant.Fruit VegetablesAvocados,cucumbers,eggplants,peppers,squash&tomatoes.Fruit of the plant from a flower.Leafy VegetablesIncludes lettuce(生菜),spinach(菠菜)and swiss chard(瑞士甜菜)Brussels sprouts(球芽甘藍).Seed VegetableVegetable in which the seed,and/or pod(豆莢)of the plant is eaten.Corn,peas,beans.Root VegetableVegetable that has a single root that extended into the ground and provides nutrients to the part of the plant that exists above ground.Carrot,radish(水蘿卜).TubersStem tubers a stem buber forms from thickened rhizomes(根狀莖)or stolons(匍匐莖),PotatoesRoot tubers A tuberous root or storage root,is a modified lateral root,enlarged to function as a storage organ.sweet potatoes.BulbA bulb is a short stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases.The leaves often function as food storage organs during dormancy.Onion,GarlicStem VegetablesVegetable in which the fibrous plant stem is eaten.Celery(芹菜),asparagus,.Health Benefits of Fruits and VegetablesFruits and Vegetables Play A Preventative Role In Many Age-Related Diseases CancerCancerHeart DiseaseHeart DiseaseStrokeStroke(中風)(中風)HypertensionHypertension(高血壓高血壓)Birth DefectsBirth Defects(先天畸型先天畸型)CataractsCataracts(白內(nèi)障白內(nèi)障)Skin WrinklingSkin Wrinkling(皮膚起皺皮膚起皺)Diverticulosis of colonDiverticulosis of colon(結(jié)腸憩室病)Diabetes MellitusDiabetes Mellitus(糖尿病糖尿?。〤OPDCOPD(慢性阻塞性肺病慢性阻塞性肺?。㎡steoporosisOsteoporosis(骨質(zhì)疏松骨質(zhì)疏松)ObesityObesity(肥胖肥胖)Alzheimers DiseaseAlzheimers Disease(阿爾茨海阿爾茨海默氏病默氏?。¬ariety of Protective Components in Fruits and VegetablesAntioxidants抗氧化劑 Vitamins A&CFolate葉酸 PotassiumFiberFlavonoids黃酮類化合物 Phytochemicals植物素 No fat,saturated fat,trans fats,or cholesterol(膽固醇)Low in sodium and caloriesEat Your Colors Every Day To Stay Healthy and Fit!*Low-fat diets rich in fruits and vegetables and low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of heart disease and some types of cancer,diseases associated with many factors.*Color ModelREDEat deep red and pink fruits&vegetablesPhytochemicals:Lycopene(番茄紅素):Tomatoes,raw&cooked;watermelon,pink grapefruitStudied for role in prostate cancer(前列腺癌)and heart diseaseAnthocyanins(花青素):Powerful antioxidantsBerries,cherries,strawberries,cranberries(蔓越莓),red apples,beets(甜菜),red cabbage,kidney beans(蕓豆)YELLOW ORANGElEat deep yellow or orange fruits&vegetableslPhytochemicals:lBeta Carotene(-胡蘿卜素):lPowerful antioxidant;studied along with vitamins C&E for role in reducing risk for cancer,heart disease,boosting immune system,slowing aging and maintaining good eyesightlBioflavonoids(生物類黃酮):lCitrus柑橘:work with vitamin C to strengthen bones and teeth,heal wounds,keep skin healthyWHITElEat white fruits&vegetableslPhytochemicals:lAllicin(大蒜素):lStudied for role in lowering cholesterol and blood pressure and increasing ability to fight infectionslExamples:garlic,chives(細香蔥),scallions(蔥),leeks(韭菜),onionslIndoles(吲哚類)&Sulfaforaphanes:lStudied for role in inhibiting cancer growthlCauliflower(菜花)GREENlEat deep green fruits&vegetableslPhytochemicals:lIndoles:lCruciferous vegetables(十字花科蔬菜)(broccoli,cabbage,bok choy(白菜),Brussel sprouts(甘藍))lStudied for role in protecting against breast and prostate cancers(前列腺癌)lLutein(葉黃素)&Zeaxanthin(玉米黃素):lPowerful antioxidantlStudied for role in maintain good vision healthlGreen leafy vegetables(kale無頭甘藍,peas,spinach菠菜,kiwi)BLUE PURPLElEat deep blue and purple fruits&vegetableslPhytochemicals:lAnthocyanins(花青素)and Phenolics(酚類物質(zhì)):lStudied for ability to fight heart disease and cancer,anti-inflammatory(抗感染)power,and delay aginglBerries,dried plums(李子),raisins(提子),eggplant,plums,purple grapes,black currants(黑加侖)Color Way GuideProposed Phytochemical Mechanisms1.Potent antioxidants;prevent free radical oxidation(自自由基氧化由基氧化)2.Boost cancer-fighting enzymes(增強抗癌酶活性)(增強抗癌酶活性)3.Block unwanted blood clotting(凝血)(凝血)4.Prevent inflammation(ie.chronic inflammation thought to play a role in some cancers,heart disease,and strokes)PhytochemicalsPhenolics酚類物質(zhì)酚類物質(zhì) flavonoids黃酮類化黃酮類化合物合物 flavonols黃酮類黃酮類 Anthocyanidins(花青素)(花青素)isoflavones大豆大豆異黃酮異黃酮 quercetin槲皮素槲皮素 genistein三羥異黃酮三羥異黃酮 daidzein大豆苷元大豆苷元 Carotenoids類胡蘿卜素類胡蘿卜素 Otherbetacarotene-胡胡蘿卜素蘿卜素Lutein 葉黃素葉黃素 lycopene番茄紅番茄紅素素 carotenes類胡蘿類胡蘿卜素卜素 resveratrol白藜白藜蘆醇蘆醇 melatonin褪黑褪黑激素激素 phytosterols植物植物甾醇甾醇 catechins兒茶酸兒茶酸 epicatechins表表兒茶酸兒茶酸 lignans 木脂素木脂素 tannins丹寧酸丹寧酸List the procedures for properly storing ripe fruits,vegetables,roots and tubers.Roots and tubers:dry,unpeeled in a cool dark area.Ripe fruits and vegetables:in refrigerator with humidity of 80-110%Fruits in one drawer,vegetables in another.Some fruits emit ethylene(乙烯)that causes fruits to ripen.Dont peel,remove tops.Unripened fruits and vegetables:room temperature until ripe,then refrigerator.Summarize ways to prevent fruits and vegetables from spoiling(變質(zhì))too quickly.Keep fruits and vegetables away from each other.Refrigerate if ripe.Limit storage life.Dont peel or wash before use.Only store about 4 days.Appropriate cooking methods for fruitGrill or broilPoach(煮)Sautee(炒)BakeMicrowaveCook Quickly Slices,chunks or halves Pineapple,Bananas,PeachesFirm fruit Apples,peaches,pears half or large piecessmall fruit keep whole.Peel,core and seed,cut in uniform size cherries,bananas,pears,pineappleFirm fruit whole or large pieces,apples,pears and bananasWatch cooking time,cover pierce(刺破)skins with a fork to prevent bursting.Explain how to prevent enzymatic browning(酶性褐變,酶促褐變)of fruits.When oxygen comes in contact with flesh of cut fruit and turns it brown.Coat with acid like lemon juice as soon as they are cut.Holding in water can work short term.Match vegetables to appropriate cooking methods.BoilingSteamingMicrowavingRoasting&BakingSauteeDeep-fryingGrillingArtichokes(洋薊),asparagus(蘆筍),green beans,broccoli,carrots&potatoesMushrooms&onionsMost vegetablesCarrots,cauliflower,potatoes&zucchini(西葫蘆)Corn,potatoes,cabbage&carrotsSquash,eggplant,mushrooms&potatoesAsparagus,mushrooms,onions,corn&eggplantQuizList the phytochemicals and their role in fruits and vegetables with different colors.
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