第一講 英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析

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1、華杰MBA:語(yǔ)法專題 cd 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)： 1：掌握五種基本句型 2：了解除Be以外的其他四種系動(dòng)詞。 3：了解接TO和FOR的雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有哪些。 4：能夠區(qū)分雙賓語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)得區(qū)別。 ba 第一講 英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析 句子的劃分 I. 根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：①簡(jiǎn)單句 S+V（主+謂） S+V+P(主+謂+表) S+V+O（主+謂+賓） S+V+o+O（主+謂+間賓+直賓） S+V+O+C（主+謂

2、+賓+賓補(bǔ)） ②并列句 and, but, or ③復(fù)合句：名詞從句（賓，主，表，同） 副詞從句（狀語(yǔ)從句） 形容詞從句（定語(yǔ)從句） II. 根據(jù)功能劃分： 陳述句 疑問(wèn)句（一般疑問(wèn)句，特殊疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，反義疑問(wèn)句，修辭疑問(wèn)句） 祈使句 感嘆句 III. 根據(jù)句子成分：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)詞匯

3、 短語(yǔ) 從句 一．陳述句（五種句型） 1. I am a webaholic.我是一個(gè)網(wǎng)蟲(chóng)。 Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。 2. Internet dating hurts.網(wǎng)戀有害。 3. I like chatting online.我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。 4. Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.網(wǎng)上聊天給我?guī)?lái)很多樂(lè)趣。 5. We can call internet addicts a we

4、baholic.我們管網(wǎng)上一隱君子叫網(wǎng)蟲(chóng)。 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞 五種句型 I am a webaholic 表語(yǔ) 1.主+謂+表 Chatting on the internet is Interesting 表語(yǔ) Internet dating hurts 2.主+謂 I like Chatting online 賓語(yǔ) 3.主+謂+賓 Chatting on the internet brings me 間接賓語(yǔ) a lot of fun 直接賓語(yǔ) 4.主+謂+間賓+直賓 We can

5、call Internet addicts 賓語(yǔ) a webaholic 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 5.主+謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ) I. 常用作連系動(dòng)詞： ① 變成,變得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口訣：好是come，壞是go;天氣、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金錢(qián)緩緩run;顏色、天氣大不同turn；Get\ become口語(yǔ)化，如果要說(shuō)就用它. 口訣解讀： Come 一般表示事物由壞變好，結(jié)果是好的。 如：Dreams come true. 夢(mèng)想成真。 Go 一般表示事物由好變壞，結(jié)果是不好的。 如：It's such

6、a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.??今天太熱了，菜都餿了。 Grow 表示逐漸變化，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是緩慢變化的過(guò)程，后面往往接表示天氣或外貌變化的靜態(tài)形容詞。 如：I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢變老。 Run 與grow 是對(duì)應(yīng)的，其主語(yǔ)多為能流動(dòng)，能消耗的東西。 如：Still water runs deep.靜水深流。 Turn多接表示顏色和天氣的形容詞，側(cè)重于表達(dá)與之前大不相同。 如：The weather suddenly turned hot.天氣突然變熱了。In sprin

7、g the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 春天樹(shù)變綠了，花開(kāi)了。 Get\become在口語(yǔ)表達(dá)時(shí)用得比較多，但這二者相比，become相對(duì)正式些，其主語(yǔ)既可以是人也可以是物。如：He got angry on hearing the news.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他變得很生氣?？傊还苡⒄Z(yǔ)多么“變”化多端，萬(wàn)“變”不離其宗。英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的終極目標(biāo)還是為了與人交流，所以多在交流中使用這些“變化”詞，才能真正掌握其內(nèi)涵。 系詞be它有三，am is are ， 我（I）用am，you（你）用are， is 用于他她它； 單數(shù)is，復(fù)數(shù)are，

8、 認(rèn)真做題不出差。 （否句be后not加，疑問(wèn)句，be句首，句尾？不要丟。） ② 保持某種狀態(tài)：Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay. ③ 看起來(lái)，好像：Appear, look, seem. ④ 感官動(dòng)詞：Feel, smell, sound, taste. II. 代雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 ````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````“七給”一“帶”to不少,“買”畫(huà)“制作”for來(lái)了。 帶雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞,如果把直接賓語(yǔ)置于間接賓語(yǔ)之前,必須在變換時(shí)

9、“to”或“for”。這11個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞可以概括為下邊兩句話,讀起來(lái)妙趣橫生,效果很好 1、“七給”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“帶”(bring)8個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),必須在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如:He lent some money to me.類似動(dòng)詞的還有：get,mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等 2、“buy”(買);“draw”(畫(huà));“make”(制作)三個(gè)動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語(yǔ)前置時(shí),則必須在

10、后邊加“for”,構(gòu)成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。 如:Mother bought a new dress for me。類似的動(dòng)詞還有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(訂購(gòu)）,reach等。 3、當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)for和to于直接賓語(yǔ)之后 如：Richard made it for him。理查德為他做的這個(gè)東西 Give it to me。把它給我 4、 有些動(dòng)詞后可單獨(dú)用直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)或雙賓語(yǔ)，如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay. I asked John

11、. 我問(wèn)約翰 I asked a question. 我問(wèn)了一個(gè)問(wèn)題 I asked John a question.我問(wèn)了約翰一個(gè)問(wèn)題 5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等動(dòng)詞后必須跟介詞to,不能進(jìn)行直接賓語(yǔ)與間接賓語(yǔ)的轉(zhuǎn)換。 Could you explain your point of view to us? =Could you explain to us your point of view? 6、 易錯(cuò)的動(dòng)詞 搶劫/偷某人某物：Rob/steal sb. sth (錯(cuò)誤） 正確的說(shuō)法：rob

12、sb of sth?? steal sb from sth. 類似的還有：cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病 rid sb of sth 從----中除去（不好的東西） supply sb with sth 供給某人某物 provide sb with sth 給某人提供某物 accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事 cheat sb of sth 騙取某人某物 inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事 remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事 warn sb of sth 警告某人某情況 charge sb with

13、sth 指責(zé)某人某事 二．疑問(wèn)句 1.一般疑問(wèn)句 Is this seat taken? Yes, it is/ No, it isn’t. 需要用yes或no來(lái)回答。 語(yǔ)序一般為：助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)？ Practice： Have you been there?_______________________ Didn’t you tell him about it yesterday?_________________ 2.特殊疑問(wèn)句 你什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)？ When…… You began to study English. ? Did you begin

14、 to study English? ??when did you begin to study English? 你在想什么？ What…… Something is in your mind. ?What’s in your mind? 小結(jié)： ①用who, what, where, which, when, why, how提問(wèn)。 ②語(yǔ)序：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句 或 疑問(wèn)詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 More Practice： What time is convenient for you?你什么時(shí)候方便？ What’s going on here?發(fā)生了什么事？/回事？ 3.

15、 選擇疑問(wèn)句： Do you like tea or（do you like）coffee？ Did you speak to them, or did the manager? Which ice cream would you like, chocolate, vanilla or strawberry? 1. 提供兩種或兩種以上情形供對(duì)方選擇。 2. 不用Yes或no來(lái)回答。 3. 反意疑問(wèn)句 1. 附在陳述句之后，對(duì)陳述句所說(shuō)得事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)提出疑問(wèn)。 2. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)有兩種形式：陳述肯定，則所附問(wèn)句否定；陳述句否定，則所附問(wèn)句肯定。 The Embarrassed Mag

16、ician. Magician ( to youngster he has called up on the stage): Now, my boy, you have never seen me before, have you? Boy: No Daddy. You have completed that job, haven’t you? You have not completed that job, have you? 三．祈使句： 1. 用以表示請(qǐng)求，命令，勸告，建議等語(yǔ)氣的句子。 2. 主語(yǔ)You 常省略，只以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。 3. 一般沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)變化，不與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

17、連用。 Stop bugging me. Don’t judge a book by its cover. Don’t get me wrong. Let’s just have a rest. Let’s hope for the best. Let bygones be bygones Make hay while sun shines. 四．感嘆句： 1. 主要由what和how來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 2. What 結(jié)構(gòu)主要有三種 A． What a(n)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+謂語(yǔ)部分！ What a lovely boy he is! B. What + 形

18、容詞+不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+謂語(yǔ)部分！ What foolish mistakes you have made. What nice weather (it is)! C. What + a(n) +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)！ 3. How 結(jié)構(gòu)主要有三種： A. How+形容詞/副詞+主謂部分 How lovely the boy is! How fast the time flies! B. How +形容詞+a(n)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主謂部分 How lovely a boy he is!

19、 C. How+主謂部分（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)） How I hate exam! 我真煩考試！ How he snores! 他鼾聲如雷！ (二) practice 1.分析下文劃線句子的成分 Two men were standing at a bar. One man turned to the other and said, “I’ll bet you $ 100 that I can bite my left eye.” The wager（賭注）was accepted, and the man popped out his glass eye and b

20、it it. “Now,” he said, ”I will give you a chance to win your money back. I’ll bet you another $100 that I can bite my right eye.” “he can’t have two glass eyes,” Thought the other man, and he plunked(重重甩下)down his money. Then the first man took out his false teeth and bit his right eye. 2

21、.分析下列句子成分，并判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)類型。 Time flies by. I’m on a diet. I own you one. It slipped my mind. Old habits die hard. I enjoy your company. I can’t stand the heat. Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun. He speaks English well. Teachers will make your English better. They found the dea

22、d boy. They found the boy dead. I found the book easily. I found the book easy. Tom found Jim an apartment. We found John a loyal friend.’ I will find you a good teacher. She will make him a good wife. She will make him a good husband. 3.分析下列句子中的雙賓語(yǔ)，并試著用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~改寫(xiě)句子。

23、Give a thief enough rope and he will hang himself. _________________________________________________ Can you recommend me a good novel? __________________________________________________ He built them a hut. ____________________________________________ He ordered himself a bottled of champagne

24、. __________________________________________ Will you choose me an interesting novel? _______________________________________________ Can you spare me a few minutes of your valuable time? _____________________________________________ Jack doesn’t own me anything. _____________________________

25、_____________ May I ask you a favor? ____________________________________________ That will save you a lot of time. ___________________________________________________ The novel won the author a Nobel Prize. __________________________________ It cost me three dollars. _______________________

26、___________________ 4.分析下列句子中賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 Absence makes the heart grow fonder. __________________________________________ The telescopes of the 1600’s magnified objects thirty-three times their original size. ______________________________________________ The boy sharp remark left the teacher spee

27、chless. ___________________________________________ The chairman has declared the meeting over. ____________________________________________ I prefer my steak medium. _______________________________________ Dick set the caged animals free. _____________________________________________ The pot calls the kettle black. _____________________________________________ By: 陳俊霞 13