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1、華杰MBA:語法專題
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教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：
1：掌握五種基本句型
2：了解除Be以外的其他四種系動(dòng)詞。
3：了解接TO和FOR的雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有哪些。
4：能夠區(qū)分雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語得區(qū)別。
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第一講 英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
句子的劃分
I. 根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：①簡單句
S+V（主+謂）
S+V+P(主+謂+表)
S+V+O（主+謂+賓）
S+V+o+O（主+謂+間賓+直賓）
S+V+O+C（主+謂
2、+賓+賓補(bǔ)）
②并列句 and, but, or
③復(fù)合句：名詞從句（賓，主，表，同）
副詞從句（狀語從句）
形容詞從句（定語從句）
II. 根據(jù)功能劃分： 陳述句
疑問句（一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反義疑問句，修辭疑問句）
祈使句
感嘆句
III. 根據(jù)句子成分：單個(gè)詞匯
3、 短語
從句
一．陳述句（五種句型）
1. I am a webaholic.我是一個(gè)網(wǎng)蟲。
Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。
2. Internet dating hurts.網(wǎng)戀有害。
3. I like chatting online.我喜歡網(wǎng)上聊天。
4. Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.網(wǎng)上聊天給我?guī)砗芏鄻啡ぁ?
5. We can call internet addicts a we
4、baholic.我們管網(wǎng)上一隱君子叫網(wǎng)蟲。
主語
謂語
動(dòng)詞
五種句型
I
am
a webaholic
表語
1.主+謂+表
Chatting on the internet
is
Interesting
表語
Internet dating
hurts
2.主+謂
I
like
Chatting online
賓語
3.主+謂+賓
Chatting on the internet
brings
me
間接賓語
a lot of fun
直接賓語
4.主+謂+間賓+直賓
We
can
5、call
Internet addicts
賓語
a webaholic
賓語補(bǔ)足語
5.主+謂+賓語+賓補(bǔ)
I. 常用作連系動(dòng)詞：
① 變成,變得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn
口訣：好是come，壞是go;天氣、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金錢緩緩run;顏色、天氣大不同turn；Get\ become口語化，如果要說就用它.
口訣解讀：
Come 一般表示事物由壞變好，結(jié)果是好的。
如：Dreams come true. 夢想成真。
Go 一般表示事物由好變壞，結(jié)果是不好的。
如：It's such
6、a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.??今天太熱了，菜都餿了。
Grow 表示逐漸變化，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是緩慢變化的過程，后面往往接表示天氣或外貌變化的靜態(tài)形容詞。
如：I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢變老。
Run 與grow 是對應(yīng)的，其主語多為能流動(dòng)，能消耗的東西。
如：Still water runs deep.靜水深流。
Turn多接表示顏色和天氣的形容詞，側(cè)重于表達(dá)與之前大不相同。
如：The weather suddenly turned hot.天氣突然變熱了。In sprin
7、g the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 春天樹變綠了，花開了。
Get\become在口語表達(dá)時(shí)用得比較多，但這二者相比，become相對正式些，其主語既可以是人也可以是物。如：He got angry on hearing the news.聽到這個(gè)消息，他變得很生氣?？傊?，不管英語多么“變”化多端，萬“變”不離其宗。英語學(xué)習(xí)的終極目標(biāo)還是為了與人交流，所以多在交流中使用這些“變化”詞，才能真正掌握其內(nèi)涵。
系詞be它有三，am is are ，
我（I）用am，you（你）用are，
is 用于他她它；
單數(shù)is，復(fù)數(shù)are，
8、
認(rèn)真做題不出差。
（否句be后not加，疑問句，be句首，句尾？不要丟。）
② 保持某種狀態(tài)：Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay.
③ 看起來，好像：Appear, look, seem.
④ 感官動(dòng)詞：Feel, smell, sound, taste.
II. 代雙賓語的動(dòng)詞
````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````“七給”一“帶”to不少,“買”畫“制作”for來了。
帶雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞,如果把直接賓語置于間接賓語之前,必須在變換時(shí)
9、“to”或“for”。這11個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞可以概括為下邊兩句話,讀起來妙趣橫生,效果很好
1、“七給”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“帶”(bring)8個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語前置時(shí),必須在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.”
如:He lent some money to me.類似動(dòng)詞的還有：get,mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach等
2、“buy”(買);“draw”(畫);“make”(制作)三個(gè)動(dòng)詞,在直接賓語前置時(shí),則必須在
10、后邊加“for”,構(gòu)成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。
如:Mother bought a new dress for me。類似的動(dòng)詞還有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(訂購）,reach等。
3、當(dāng)直接賓語是代詞時(shí)，間接賓語for和to于直接賓語之后
如：Richard made it for him。理查德為他做的這個(gè)東西
Give it to me。把它給我
4、 有些動(dòng)詞后可單獨(dú)用直接賓語、間接賓語或雙賓語，如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.
I asked John
11、. 我問約翰
I asked a question. 我問了一個(gè)問題
I asked John a question.我問了約翰一個(gè)問題
5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等動(dòng)詞后必須跟介詞to,不能進(jìn)行直接賓語與間接賓語的轉(zhuǎn)換。
Could you explain your point of view to us?
=Could you explain to us your point of view?
6、 易錯(cuò)的動(dòng)詞
搶劫/偷某人某物：Rob/steal sb. sth (錯(cuò)誤）
正確的說法：rob
12、sb of sth?? steal sb from sth.
類似的還有：cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病
rid sb of sth 從----中除去（不好的東西）
supply sb with sth 供給某人某物
provide sb with sth 給某人提供某物
accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事
cheat sb of sth 騙取某人某物
inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事
remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事
warn sb of sth 警告某人某情況
charge sb with
13、sth 指責(zé)某人某事
二．疑問句
1.一般疑問句
Is this seat taken?
Yes, it is/ No, it isn’t.
需要用yes或no來回答。
語序一般為：助動(dòng)詞+主語+謂語？
Practice：
Have you been there?_______________________
Didn’t you tell him about it yesterday?_________________
2.特殊疑問句
你什么時(shí)候開始學(xué)英語？
When……
You began to study English.
? Did you begin
14、 to study English?
??when did you begin to study English?
你在想什么？
What……
Something is in your mind.
?What’s in your mind?
小結(jié)：
①用who, what, where, which, when, why, how提問。
②語序：疑問詞+一般疑問句 或 疑問詞+謂語動(dòng)詞。
More Practice：
What time is convenient for you?你什么時(shí)候方便？
What’s going on here?發(fā)生了什么事？/回事？
3.
15、 選擇疑問句：
Do you like tea or（do you like）coffee？
Did you speak to them, or did the manager?
Which ice cream would you like, chocolate, vanilla or strawberry?
1. 提供兩種或兩種以上情形供對方選擇。
2. 不用Yes或no來回答。
3. 反意疑問句
1. 附在陳述句之后，對陳述句所說得事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)提出疑問。
2. 一般來說有兩種形式：陳述肯定，則所附問句否定；陳述句否定，則所附問句肯定。
The Embarrassed Mag
16、ician.
Magician ( to youngster he has called up on the stage):
Now, my boy, you have never seen me before, have you?
Boy: No Daddy.
You have completed that job, haven’t you?
You have not completed that job, have you?
三．祈使句：
1. 用以表示請求，命令，勸告，建議等語氣的句子。
2. 主語You 常省略，只以動(dòng)詞原形開頭。
3. 一般沒有時(shí)態(tài)變化，不與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
17、連用。
Stop bugging me.
Don’t judge a book by its cover.
Don’t get me wrong.
Let’s just have a rest.
Let’s hope for the best.
Let bygones be bygones
Make hay while sun shines.
四．感嘆句：
1. 主要由what和how來引導(dǎo)。
2. What 結(jié)構(gòu)主要有三種
A． What a(n)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+謂語部分！
What a lovely boy he is!
B. What + 形
18、容詞+不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+謂語部分！
What foolish mistakes you have made.
What nice weather (it is)!
C. What + a(n) +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)！
3. How 結(jié)構(gòu)主要有三種：
A. How+形容詞/副詞+主謂部分
How lovely the boy is!
How fast the time flies!
B. How +形容詞+a(n)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主謂部分
How lovely a boy he is!
19、
C. How+主謂部分（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞做謂語）
How I hate exam! 我真煩考試！
How he snores! 他鼾聲如雷！
(二) practice
1.分析下文劃線句子的成分
Two men were standing at a bar. One man turned to the other and said, “I’ll bet you $ 100 that I can bite my left eye.” The wager（賭注）was accepted, and the man popped out his glass eye and b
20、it it.
“Now,” he said, ”I will give you a chance to win your money back. I’ll bet you another $100 that I can bite my right eye.” “he can’t have two glass eyes,” Thought the other man, and he plunked(重重甩下)down his money.
Then the first man took out his false teeth and bit his right eye.
2
21、.分析下列句子成分，并判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)類型。
Time flies by.
I’m on a diet.
I own you one.
It slipped my mind.
Old habits die hard.
I enjoy your company.
I can’t stand the heat.
Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.
He speaks English well.
Teachers will make your English better.
They found the dea
22、d boy.
They found the boy dead.
I found the book easily.
I found the book easy.
Tom found Jim an apartment.
We found John a loyal friend.’
I will find you a good teacher.
She will make him a good wife.
She will make him a good husband.
3.分析下列句子中的雙賓語，并試著用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~改寫句子。
23、Give a thief enough rope and he will hang himself.
_________________________________________________
Can you recommend me a good novel?
__________________________________________________
He built them a hut.
____________________________________________
He ordered himself a bottled of champagne
24、.
__________________________________________
Will you choose me an interesting novel?
_______________________________________________
Can you spare me a few minutes of your valuable time?
_____________________________________________
Jack doesn’t own me anything.
_____________________________
25、_____________
May I ask you a favor?
____________________________________________
That will save you a lot of time.
___________________________________________________
The novel won the author a Nobel Prize.
__________________________________
It cost me three dollars.
_______________________
26、___________________
4.分析下列句子中賓語補(bǔ)足語。
Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
__________________________________________
The telescopes of the 1600’s magnified objects thirty-three times
their original size.
______________________________________________
The boy sharp remark left the teacher spee
27、chless.
___________________________________________
The chairman has declared the meeting over.
____________________________________________
I prefer my steak medium.
_______________________________________
Dick set the caged animals free.
_____________________________________________
The pot calls the kettle black.
_____________________________________________
By: 陳俊霞 13
第一講 英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析
