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1、手冊(cè)專(zhuān)題六專(zhuān)題六 介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)【語(yǔ)法講解】【語(yǔ)法講解】1. 介詞的功能介詞的功能 介詞是一種虛詞,用來(lái)表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它介詞是一種虛詞,用來(lái)表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞語(yǔ)句中其它詞的關(guān)系,不能單獨(dú)使用。介詞可與名詞詞語(yǔ)句中其它詞的關(guān)系,不能單獨(dú)使用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可在句或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可在句中作定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如:中作定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如:The boy over there is Johns brother. (定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ))The girl will be back in t
2、wo hours. (狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ))Our English teacher is from Australia. (表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ))Help yourself to some fish. (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))手冊(cè)2. 2. 常用介詞的用法辨析常用介詞的用法辨析(1 1)表時(shí)間的介詞表時(shí)間的介詞 at, in on表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用用atat。例如:。例如:at six oclock, at noon, at clock, at noon, at midnightmidnight。表示在某。表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì),某年,某月,某個(gè)季節(jié)個(gè)世紀(jì),某年,某月,某個(gè)季節(jié)以以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上時(shí),用及早晨,上
3、午,下午,晚上時(shí),用in。例如:。例如:in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。等。表示具體的某一天和某一表示具體的某一天和某一天天的上午,下午,晚上時(shí),用的上午,下午,晚上時(shí),用on。例如:。例如:on Monday, on July 1stst, on Sunday morning, on Sunday morning等。等。手冊(cè) since, after由由since和和after 引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始的時(shí)
4、段,但始的時(shí)段,但since詞組表示的時(shí)段一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話(huà)的詞組表示的時(shí)段一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)刻,因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。而時(shí)刻,因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。而after詞組所詞組所表示的時(shí)段純系過(guò)去,因而要與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。例表示的時(shí)段純系過(guò)去,因而要與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。例如:如:I havent heard from him since last summer.After five days the boy came back.手冊(cè) in, afterin與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),表示與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),表示“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。的意思,后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的
5、詞語(yǔ)。After與將與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。After與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí),后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。例如:間的詞語(yǔ)。例如:He will be back in two months.He will arrive after four oclock.He returned after a month.手冊(cè)(2 2)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞 at, in, on at at一般指小地方;一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi);內(nèi);on往往表示往往表示“在某個(gè)物
6、體的表面在某個(gè)物體的表面”。例如:。例如:He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.They arrived at a small village before dark.They arrived at a small village before dark.There is a big hole in the wall.There is a big hole in the wall.The teacher put up a picture on the wall.The teacher put up a
7、 picture on the wall.手冊(cè) over, above, onover, above, on over, on over, on和和above都可表示都可表示“在在上面上面”,但,但具體含義不同。具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反義詞是正上方,其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高于也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反義詞是某物,但不一定在正上方,其反義詞是below。On指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸,一個(gè)在另一的上面。例如:指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸,一個(gè)在另一的上面。例如: There is a bridge over the
8、 river.There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teacher They put some flowers on the teachers s desk.desk.手冊(cè) across, through across和和through均可表示均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊從這一邊到另一邊”,但用法不同。但用法不同。Across的含義與的含義與on有關(guān),表示動(dòng)作在某有關(guān),表示動(dòng)作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。一物體的
9、表面進(jìn)行。Throgh的含義與的含義與in有關(guān),表示動(dòng)有關(guān),表示動(dòng)作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。例如:作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。例如: The dog ran across the grass. The boy swam across the river. They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds.手冊(cè)3. 介詞的固定搭配介詞的固定搭配 介詞往往同其他詞類(lèi)形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這介詞往往同其他詞類(lèi)形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系,才能正確使用介詞。種固定搭配關(guān)系,才能正確使用介詞。(1)介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配)介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配l
10、isten to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。等。(2)介詞與名詞的搭配)介詞與名詞的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。等。(3)介詞與形容詞的搭配)介詞與形容詞的搭配be late for
11、, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。等。手冊(cè)典型例題典型例題1: When will Mr Black come to Beijing? _ September 5. A. On B. To C. At D. In 解析:解析:A。表示時(shí)間的介詞的用法。表示某一天用。表示時(shí)間的介詞的用法。表示某一天用介詞介詞on。典型例題典型例題2: The boys felt sad as they lost _ the girls in the talk show. A
12、. by B. in C. to D. on解析:解析:C。該題考查的是介詞和動(dòng)詞的固定搭配。該題考查的是介詞和動(dòng)詞的固定搭配。lose表示輸給誰(shuí)的表示輸給誰(shuí)的 時(shí)候用介詞時(shí)候用介詞to。應(yīng)選。應(yīng)選C。【2014-2016 本土真題】本土真題】( ) 1. (2015云南云南) The Third China-South Asia EXPO was held in Kunming _June 12th to June 16th. A. on B. in C. at D. from( )2.(2014 云南)云南) Excuse me. Could you tell me the way the
13、 nearest supermarket? Go down the street and turn left. Then youll see it. A . to B. of C. in D. atD A ( )3. (2013 云南云南) The 20th World Cup will be held in Brazil June 12 _July 13, 2014. A. in; to B. in; to C. at; from D. from; to ( ) 4. (2016 昆明昆明) Shanghai Disneyland opened _ June 16th, 2016. We a
14、re thirsty to go. A. in B. on C. at D. ofDB( )5. (2015昆明昆明) Ladies and gentlemen, welcome China- South Asia EXPO. A. on B. in C. at D. to( )6(2016曲靖曲靖)What do you think of your teacher? He is perfect and plays an important role helping us in our school life A. on B. up C. in D. withD C( )7. (2015曲靖曲靖) You have to put the past you before you can move on. A. in front of B. near C. behind D. between( )8.(2014 曲靖)曲靖) our surprise, MH370 has not been found since it was lost on March 8,2014. A. With B. In C. To D. ByCC