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1、專題九定語(yǔ)從句考向分析考向分析定語(yǔ)從句包括限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩種,是三大從句中考查最頻繁的從句,在語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)兩種題型中均有涉及,考查的重點(diǎn)是that,which,who,whose,when,where等關(guān)系詞的用法?？键c(diǎn)清單考點(diǎn)清單一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句單句填空單句填空1.The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.答案答案that/which句意:我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪杏龅降男?wèn)題有可能成為偉
2、大發(fā)明的靈感。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。題干中,The little problems是先行詞,且指物, we meet in our daily lives是定語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少賓語(yǔ),因此用that/which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用 2.My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.答案答案whose句意:我的大兒子現(xiàn)在在紐約,他的工作讓他走遍世界各地。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞son,設(shè)空處在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾work,所以要用關(guān)系代詞whose。3.The numb
3、er of smokers, as is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.答案答案as句意:正如報(bào)道的那樣,吸煙的人數(shù)僅在一年內(nèi)就已經(jīng)減少了百分之十七。本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容,關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),故填as。as is reported正如報(bào)道的那樣。4.Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.答案答案that句意:請(qǐng)把你擁有的關(guān)于競(jìng)聘這個(gè)職位的那個(gè)候選人的所有信
4、息發(fā)給我們。在本句中,先行詞information被all修飾,所以只能填關(guān)系代詞that,而不填which。5.If the earth is poisoned, the water, the food and the animals will be poi-soned, which means that we who poison the earth will be poisoned too.答案答案which句意:如果土地被污染了,水、食物和動(dòng)物就會(huì)被污染,這意味著將土地污染了的我們也將被污染。先行詞為設(shè)空處前的內(nèi)容,先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),故用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。6.(2
5、017課標(biāo)全國(guó))But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.答案答案who兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為Sarah,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),故填who。單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)7.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó))In their spare time, they are interested in planting veg-etables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of
6、 their house. thatwhich 答案答案thatwhich逗號(hào)之后是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為garden,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),故用which而不能用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。1.關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法辨析只用that的情況:(1)先行詞是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代詞;(2)先行詞被all, any, every, no, little(少), much, some等詞修飾;(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞;(4)先行詞被th
7、e only, the very(正好、恰好), the last修飾;(5)先行詞中既有人也有物;用法精講用法精講(6)在which或who的特殊疑問(wèn)句中含有定語(yǔ)從句;(7)先行詞是the way， 并在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that/in which或省略關(guān)系詞。This is the very film that I want to see.這正是一部我想看的影片。The famous writer and his book that you referred to just now are well known now.你剛才提到的那位著名作家和他的書(shū)現(xiàn)在非常有名。先行詞指物
8、時(shí),只用which的情況:(1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;(2)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ),且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前;The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, which he remembers starting as early as his childhood.世界銀行主席說(shuō)他對(duì)中國(guó)有一種情結(jié),他記得這種情結(jié)始于他的童年。The result was not the same as they had expected, which was rather disap-pointing.結(jié)果與當(dāng)初他們預(yù)料的不一樣,
9、這讓人覺(jué)得很失望。2.which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 whichas位置上只能放在先行詞的后面 位置靈活,可位于句首、句中,也可置于句末搭配上無(wú)動(dòng)詞的限制定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是表示感覺(jué)或心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞,如see、hear、know、expect、remember等意思上意為“這一點(diǎn)”表示“正如,正像那樣”She married again, which was unexpected.她再婚了,這是始料不及的。She married again, as we expected.正如我們預(yù)料的那樣,她再婚了。3.其他關(guān)系代詞的用法辨析關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(限制性定語(yǔ)
10、從句中可省略)、表語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)(限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略)whose(=of whom/of which)人或物定語(yǔ)Each graduate standing in the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.每個(gè)畢業(yè)生都由父親或母親陪伴著站在操場(chǎng)上,由校長(zhǎng)給他們頒發(fā)文憑。My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.我
11、的女兒總不在家,她的工作需要經(jīng)常出差。二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句單句填空單句填空1.(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó))But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV re-porter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from star-vation in the wild.答案答案when逗號(hào)之后為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先
12、行詞指時(shí)間,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用2.(2015廣東)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the towns met regularly.答案答案where地點(diǎn)名詞market為先行詞,關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 3.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have
13、 to do with early humans.答案答案why空前的reason為先行詞,關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),故用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。4.Ive got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.答案答案wherepoint為先行詞,關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),故用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。【知識(shí)拓展【知識(shí)拓展】當(dāng)先行詞是activity,situation,point,case,stag
14、e,scene等抽象名詞,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)用where作為定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò) 5.In my opinion,Beijing is the most beautiful city, which I spent my last summer holiday. whichwhere 答案答案whichwhere先行詞指地點(diǎn),關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故which錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)改為where。三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句用法精講用法精講關(guān)系副詞先行詞句法功能when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因原因狀語(yǔ)It has set up a big
15、 stage for young people with a talent for music,where some have stood out among them.它為有音樂(lè)天賦的年輕人建立了一個(gè)大舞臺(tái),在這個(gè)舞臺(tái)上一些人從中脫穎而出。The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didnt study hard.他考試失敗的原因是他學(xué)習(xí)不努力。三、三、“介詞介詞+關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句單句填空單句填空1.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human b
16、eings cry tears, none of which has been proved. 答案答案which句意: 就人類為什么哭出眼淚科學(xué)家提出了許多理論,但沒(méi)有一項(xiàng)理論得到過(guò)證明。先行詞為theories,將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句后可知關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ),故答案為which。語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用2.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose pur-poses is to relieve worldwide starvation.答案答案whose句意:1963年,聯(lián)合國(guó)成立了世界糧食計(jì)劃署,這個(gè)組
17、織的目標(biāo)之一是減緩全球范圍的饑荒。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是the World Food Programme,與定語(yǔ)從句中的purposes是所屬關(guān)系,即the World Food Programmes purposes,故填whose。3.Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for re-mote regions to chase their dreams. 答案答案whom句意:很多年輕人都去了偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)追求自己的夢(mèng)想,他們中大部分都受過(guò)良好的教育。先行詞為young people,指人,將先行詞代
18、入定語(yǔ)從句后可知先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ),故答案為whom。 單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)4.Alice asked the policeman with she worked to contact her whenever there was an accident. with后加后加whom 答案答案with后加whom先行詞為policeman,指人,關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞with的賓語(yǔ),故應(yīng)用whom作為定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞?！敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的兩個(gè)考查點(diǎn)1.考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞的選用若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前,關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom,指物時(shí)常用which。另外,whose也
19、可以放在介詞后,即“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),whose指人、物皆可。With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in whose village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life.隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,在她10年前教書(shū)的村子里,人們一直過(guò)著幸福的生活。用法精講用法精講2.考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用(1)一般來(lái)說(shuō),確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞,可以從以下三方面入手:先行詞的意義;從句中動(dòng)詞的固定搭配;句子的意思。(2)表示“整體和部分關(guān)系”時(shí),介詞常用of。常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu):在some
20、,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代詞或數(shù)詞后可以用of which/whom?！皌he+比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)”后用of which/whom等。The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out.孩子們玩了一整天,都累壞了。四、分隔式定語(yǔ)從句四、分隔式定語(yǔ)從句單句填空單句填空1.(2015四川)The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.答案答案whose
21、句意:桌上那些封面閃閃發(fā)亮的書(shū)是我們的獎(jiǎng)品。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為The books,與從句中的covers為所屬關(guān)系,故答案為whose。2.We really love Indian food and such occasions are very rare when we have so many foods available at such low prices.答案答案when空格處之前的先行詞occasions指時(shí)間,且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故填when。語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)3.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes fro
22、m the library last week, when my classmates recommended to me. whenwhich 答案答案whenwhich先行詞為book,且關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作recommended的賓語(yǔ),故應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句往往緊跟在先行詞之后,但是有時(shí)可能會(huì)在從句和先行詞之間插入其他成分,使從句與先行詞分隔開(kāi)來(lái),從而形成了分隔式定語(yǔ)從句(也可稱為“間隔式定語(yǔ)從句”)。如:Tom was the first student in his class who had won the scholarship. (先行詞student和
23、定語(yǔ)從句被介詞短語(yǔ)“in his class”隔開(kāi)) 湯姆是他的班里第一個(gè)獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的學(xué)生。 用法精講用法精講技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥對(duì)于定語(yǔ)從句方面的試題,首先應(yīng)該找準(zhǔn)先行詞,然后再結(jié)合句子成分對(duì)關(guān)系詞在從句中的具體作用進(jìn)行分析,判斷出關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分。需要注意的是,先行詞并不能決定關(guān)系詞的使用。例如,先行詞指時(shí)間,但是關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),則應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞作為引導(dǎo)詞,而不應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞when。That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.(在該句中,That evening雖為表示時(shí)間的先行詞,但是關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞about的賓語(yǔ),故用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。本題容易誤填when,原因是沒(méi)有判斷好關(guān)系詞在從句中的作用。)
高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法專練 專題九 定語(yǔ)從句課件 外研版
