高考英語一輪復習 第二部分 語法專練 專題九 定語從句課件 外研版

專題九定語從句考向分析考向分析定語從句包括限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種,是三大從句中考查最頻繁的從句,在語法填空和短文改錯兩種題型中均有涉及,考查的重點是that,which,who,whose,when,where等關(guān)系詞的用法?？键c清單考點清單一、關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句一、關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句單句填空單句填空1.The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.答案答案that/which句意:我們在日常生活中遇到的小問題有可能成為偉大發(fā)明的靈感。本題考查定語從句。題干中,The little problems是先行詞,且指物, we meet in our daily lives是定語從句,從句中缺少賓語,因此用that/which引導定語從句。語境運用語境運用 2.My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.答案答案whose句意:我的大兒子現(xiàn)在在紐約,他的工作讓他走遍世界各地。設空處引導的定語從句修飾先行詞son,設空處在句中作定語修飾work,所以要用關(guān)系代詞whose。3.The number of smokers, as is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.答案答案as句意:正如報道的那樣,吸煙的人數(shù)僅在一年內(nèi)就已經(jīng)減少了百分之十七。本題考查非限制性定語從句。先行詞為整個主句的內(nèi)容,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語,故填as。as is reported正如報道的那樣。4.Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.答案答案that句意:請把你擁有的關(guān)于競聘這個職位的那個候選人的所有信息發(fā)給我們。在本句中,先行詞information被all修飾,所以只能填關(guān)系代詞that,而不填which。5.If the earth is poisoned, the water, the food and the animals will be poi-soned, which means that we who poison the earth will be poisoned too.答案答案which句意:如果土地被污染了,水、食物和動物就會被污染,這意味著將土地污染了的我們也將被污染。先行詞為設空處前的內(nèi)容,先行詞在定語從句中作主語,故用which引導非限制性定語從句。6.(2017課標全國)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.答案答案who兩個逗號之間為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為Sarah,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,故填who。單句改錯單句改錯7.(2017課標全國)In their spare time, they are interested in planting veg-etables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. thatwhich 答案答案thatwhich逗號之后是非限制性定語從句,先行詞為garden,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,故用which而不能用that引導非限制性定語從句。1.關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法辨析只用that的情況:(1)先行詞是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代詞;(2)先行詞被all, any, every, no, little(少), much, some等詞修飾;(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞;(4)先行詞被the only, the very(正好、恰好), the last修飾;(5)先行詞中既有人也有物;用法精講用法精講(6)在which或who的特殊疑問句中含有定語從句;(7)先行詞是the way， 并在定語從句中充當狀語時，關(guān)系代詞用that/in which或省略關(guān)系詞。This is the very film that I want to see.這正是一部我想看的影片。The famous writer and his book that you referred to just now are well known now.你剛才提到的那位著名作家和他的書現(xiàn)在非常有名。先行詞指物時,只用which的情況:(1)引導非限制性定語從句;(2)關(guān)系代詞充當介詞的賓語,且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前;The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, which he remembers starting as early as his childhood.世界銀行主席說他對中國有一種情結(jié),他記得這種情結(jié)始于他的童年。The result was not the same as they had expected, which was rather disap-pointing.結(jié)果與當初他們預料的不一樣,這讓人覺得很失望。2.which與as引導非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別 whichas位置上只能放在先行詞的后面 位置靈活,可位于句首、句中,也可置于句末搭配上無動詞的限制定語從句謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞,如see、hear、know、expect、remember等意思上意為“這一點”表示“正如,正像那樣”She married again, which was unexpected.她再婚了,這是始料不及的。She married again, as we expected.正如我們預料的那樣,她再婚了。3.其他關(guān)系代詞的用法辨析關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能who人主語、賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)、表語whom人賓語(限制性定語從句中可省略)whose(=of whom/of which)人或物定語Each graduate standing in the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.每個畢業(yè)生都由父親或母親陪伴著站在操場上,由校長給他們頒發(fā)文憑。My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.我的女兒總不在家,她的工作需要經(jīng)常出差。二、關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句二、關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句單句填空單句填空1.(2016課標全國)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV re-porter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from star-vation in the wild.答案答案when逗號之后為非限制性定語從句,先行詞指時間,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作時間狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞when引導定語從句。語境運用語境運用2.(2015廣東)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the towns met regularly.答案答案where地點名詞market為先行詞,關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語,故用where引導定語從句。 3.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.答案答案why空前的reason為先行詞,關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語,故用關(guān)系副詞why引導定語從句。4.Ive got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown, hard, but interesting.答案答案wherepoint為先行詞,關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語,故用where引導定語從句。【知識拓展【知識拓展】當先行詞是activity,situation,point,case,stage,scene等抽象名詞,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語時,應用where作為定語從句的引導詞。單句改錯單句改錯 5.In my opinion,Beijing is the most beautiful city, which I spent my last summer holiday. whichwhere 答案答案whichwhere先行詞指地點,關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語,故which錯誤,應改為where。三個關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句三個關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句用法精講用法精講關(guān)系副詞先行詞句法功能when時間時間狀語where地點地點狀語why原因原因狀語It has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music,where some have stood out among them.它為有音樂天賦的年輕人建立了一個大舞臺,在這個舞臺上一些人從中脫穎而出。The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didnt study hard.他考試失敗的原因是他學習不努力。三、三、“介詞介詞+關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞”引導的定語從句引導的定語從句單句填空單句填空1.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved. 答案答案which句意: 就人類為什么哭出眼淚科學家提出了許多理論,但沒有一項理論得到過證明。先行詞為theories,將先行詞代入定語從句后可知關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語,故答案為which。語境運用語境運用2.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose pur-poses is to relieve worldwide starvation.答案答案whose句意:1963年,聯(lián)合國成立了世界糧食計劃署,這個組織的目標之一是減緩全球范圍的饑荒。本題考查定語從句。定語從句的先行詞是the World Food Programme,與定語從句中的purposes是所屬關(guān)系,即the World Food Programmes purposes,故填whose。3.Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for re-mote regions to chase their dreams. 答案答案whom句意:很多年輕人都去了偏遠地區(qū)追求自己的夢想,他們中大部分都受過良好的教育。先行詞為young people,指人,將先行詞代入定語從句后可知先行詞在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語,故答案為whom。 單句改錯單句改錯4.Alice asked the policeman with she worked to contact her whenever there was an accident. with后加后加whom 答案答案with后加whom先行詞為policeman,指人,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞with的賓語,故應用whom作為定語從句的引導詞?！敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句的兩個考查點1.考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞的選用若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前,關(guān)系代詞指人時常用whom,指物時常用which。另外,whose也可以放在介詞后,即“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),whose指人、物皆可。With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in whose village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life.隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,在她10年前教書的村子里,人們一直過著幸福的生活。用法精講用法精講2.考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用(1)一般來說,確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞,可以從以下三方面入手:先行詞的意義;從句中動詞的固定搭配;句子的意思。(2)表示“整體和部分關(guān)系”時,介詞常用of。常見結(jié)構(gòu):在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代詞或數(shù)詞后可以用of which/whom。“the+比較級或最高級”后用of which/whom等。The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out.孩子們玩了一整天,都累壞了。四、分隔式定語從句四、分隔式定語從句單句填空單句填空1.(2015四川)The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny,are prizes for us.答案答案whose句意:桌上那些封面閃閃發(fā)亮的書是我們的獎品。本題考查定語從句。先行詞為The books,與從句中的covers為所屬關(guān)系,故答案為whose。2.We really love Indian food and such occasions are very rare when we have so many foods available at such low prices.答案答案when空格處之前的先行詞occasions指時間,且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作時間狀語,故填when。語境運用語境運用單句改錯單句改錯3.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, when my classmates recommended to me. whenwhich 答案答案whenwhich先行詞為book,且關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中作recommended的賓語,故應用which引導定語從句。定語從句往往緊跟在先行詞之后,但是有時可能會在從句和先行詞之間插入其他成分,使從句與先行詞分隔開來,從而形成了分隔式定語從句(也可稱為“間隔式定語從句”)。如:Tom was the first student in his class who had won the scholarship. (先行詞student和定語從句被介詞短語“in his class”隔開) 湯姆是他的班里第一個獲得獎學金的學生。 用法精講用法精講技巧點撥技巧點撥對于定語從句方面的試題,首先應該找準先行詞,然后再結(jié)合句子成分對關(guān)系詞在從句中的具體作用進行分析,判斷出關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分。需要注意的是,先行詞并不能決定關(guān)系詞的使用。例如,先行詞指時間,但是關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,則應用關(guān)系代詞作為引導詞,而不應使用關(guān)系副詞when。That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.(在該句中,That evening雖為表示時間的先行詞,但是關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作介詞about的賓語,故用關(guān)系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句。本題容易誤填when,原因是沒有判斷好關(guān)系詞在從句中的作用。)