《（通用版）2019中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語動詞講義》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《（通用版）2019中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語動詞講義（17頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、非謂語動詞學(xué)員姓名： 年級：九年級 輔導(dǎo)科目：英 語 學(xué)科教師： 授課日期授課時段08：00-10:00授課主題非謂語動詞教學(xué)內(nèi)容課前回顧1. 單詞默寫2. 作業(yè)講解知識梳理知識點(diǎn)1：非謂語動詞一、動詞不定式（重點(diǎn)）1、結(jié)構(gòu)及特征：動詞不定式的基本形式是“to + 動詞原形”，有時可以不帶to。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語，但可以擔(dān)任除謂語外的任何成分主語、表語、賓語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，所以我們又稱之為非謂語形式。動詞不定式仍保留動詞的特點(diǎn)，即它可以有自己的賓語和狀語。2、動詞不定式的用法：動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句子中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語。
2、1）作主語 例如：To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well. 【說明】動詞不定式作主語時，往往用it作形式主語，這種句型可歸納為下面的句型： It is + adj.+ 動詞不定式 如果要說明不定式表示的動作執(zhí)行者，可以用for+sb. It is + adj.+ for sb. To do sth. 辨析：Its for sb.和 Its of sb.A. for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interestin
3、g, impossible等： Its very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。 B. of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 Its very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了?！菊f明】for 與of 的辨別方法： 用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如： You are nice.(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)
4、。He is hard.(人是困難的，不通。 或者: To study two languages is hard for him。 因此應(yīng)用for。)2）作表語 My wish is to become a teacher. 補(bǔ)充：常見可用不定式做表語的名詞（ambition、job、dream、wish、way、aim）3）作賓語 Most of us like to watch football matches. 補(bǔ)充：當(dāng)謂語動詞為think、find、believe等動詞時，常用it做形式賓語，不定式to do為該句的真正賓語。常構(gòu)成以下句型（sb think/find/believe
5、+ it+adi+to do sth）4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語 He told me to be here on time.5）作定語 I have nothing to say about that thing.6）作狀語 He stopped to have a look.補(bǔ)充：對作狀語的不定式to do 提問，用疑問代詞why【說明】動詞不定式的否定形式：not + to + 動詞原形構(gòu)成 例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake. 3、不定式的否定形式： Tell him not to shut the window 典型例題 Tell him _ t
6、he window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 答案：B. tell sb to do sth 的否定形式為tell sb not to do sth. 4、動詞不定式與疑問詞連用：疑問詞who, what, which和疑問副詞when, where, how, why等后面可以按動詞不定式，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語，可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。例如：(1) He doesnt know how to use the machine. (不定式作賓語) (2) How to use the machi
7、ne is a question. (不定式作主語) (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表語) 5、省to 的動詞不定式1）使役動詞 let, have, make：2）感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。注意：在被動語態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。 A. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. B. The boss made them work the whole night. =Th
8、ey were made to work the whole night.3）would rather，had better + do 【難點(diǎn)】6、不定式的特殊句型： 1）tooto：太而不能 He is too excited to speak. 2）enough to do：足以做 The child is old enough to go to schooll. 3）so as (not) to do/in order(not) to: 表示目的Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 7、不定式的難點(diǎn)： 用作介詞的“to”：look forwa
9、rd to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; be/get used to 習(xí)慣等等。 二、動詞的-ing形式： 1動詞的-ing形式用作動名詞：動名詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式，由動詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成，它在句中起名詞的作用，可以在句子中用作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語、狀語和定語。1)動名詞作主語Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的運(yùn)動2）動名詞作表語My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜歡的運(yùn)動是游泳。3）動名詞作賓語Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜歡吃巧克力。She cant he
10、lp crying at a sad movie. 她看了憂傷的電影禁不住要哭?！菊f明】 有些動詞和動詞短語后只能接動名詞作賓語。例如：admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, cant help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,等?！居洃浛谠E】“Le pm KFC AD”：look forward to、enjoy、practice、mind、keep、finish、cinsider、Admit 、de
11、ny 2動詞的-ing形式用作現(xiàn)在分詞：-ing分詞通常用作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示動作正在發(fā)生或者正在進(jìn)行。這種用法通常用在下列動詞中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe例如：1）There we found him watching TV. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在那兒看電視。 2）I heard someone knocking at the door. 我聽見有人在敲門。 3比較：1）共同點(diǎn)：動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和動詞的-ing形式都被稱之為非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，因此它們一般都可以放在句中除了謂語之外的其他位置。
12、2）區(qū)別動詞不定式的基本含義是表示謂語動詞后面的動作還未發(fā)生，此外，若謂語動詞后面的動作發(fā)生過了也用不定式，而-ing分詞的基本含義一般則表示動作正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行。動名詞的基本用法是該結(jié)構(gòu)用在及物動詞或介詞之后構(gòu)成動賓短語或介賓短語。3）接不定式或動名詞，意義相同： begin to do begin doing start to do start doing 4）動名詞與不定式語義不同 ：A.stop to do stop doing B. forget to do forget doing C. remember to do remember doing D. try to do try d
13、oing E. go on to do go on doing F. continue to do continue doing隨堂練習(xí)1. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be writtenC. being written D. written2. You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting.Well, now I reg
14、ret _ that.A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done3. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do5.
15、Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning6. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost7. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D.
16、 not eating8. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing9. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having
17、 gone10. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make11. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading12. The purpose of new technolo
18、gies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make13. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to studyC. to be studying D. to have been studying14. The managers discussed the plan that they would
19、like to see _ the next year.A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out15. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To suffer D. Suffered16. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains
20、 _ whether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen17. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun18. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A. it what to do with B.
21、what to do it withC. what to do with it D. to do what with it19. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked20. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in21. When I han
22、ded the report to John, he said that George was the person _.A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to22. What do you think made Mary so upset?_ her new bike.A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing23. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the
23、 _.A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars24. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to choose.A. to be chosen B. to choose fromC. to choose D. for choosing25. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
24、A. Being founded B. It was foundedC. Founded D. Founding26. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _.A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure27. Finding her car stolen, _.A. a police
25、man was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help28. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving _ their products more competitive.A. to make B. making C. to have mad
26、e D. having made29. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in30. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _.A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improvedC. where; improving D. when;
27、 improving31. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught32. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given33. The pictu
28、re _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung34. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit35. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.A. set up B. s
29、etting up C. have set up D. having set up36. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having37. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. setting C. to settle D. being settled38. In some parts of L
30、ondon, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting39. In order to make our city green, _.A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plantC. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees40. How do you deal with the disagr
31、eement between the company and the customers?The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A. to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made41. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make42. _ time, hell mak
32、e a first-class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given43. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting答案詳解:1. D。表示“被動、完成”用過去分詞作定語。2. D。regret doing sth 表示對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事感到“后悔”；regret to say / tell / inform / ann
33、ounce 用以報(bào)告令人不快之事，表示對將要說的話感到“遺憾、抱歉”，主語通常是 I / we, regret 用一般現(xiàn)在時。3. C。agree 只能接不定式，在謂語動之后發(fā)生，用一般式，選 C。4. A。根據(jù)句型 tell sb (not) to do sth，排除 C 和 D；當(dāng)不定式的動詞是前面已出現(xiàn)過的相同的動詞時，為避免重復(fù)，通常省略 to 后的內(nèi)容，只保留 to, 所以只有 A 對。5. B。make sb do sth 的被動式為 sb be made to do sth(某人被迫做某事)。6. C。考查過去分詞作狀語。Lost in thought=As he was los
34、t in thought。be lost in thought(沉思)是固定搭配；這類習(xí)慣表達(dá)還有 be caught in the rain(遭雨淋), be dressed in red(穿著紅衣), be seated(就座)等。7. C。本句是 warn sb (not) to do sth 的被動式。8. C。因 The Olympic games 與 play 是被動關(guān)系，排除 A 和 D；不定式的被動式，表示未來的動作，排除 B。表示“被動、完成”，用過去分詞。9. B。would love / like 后面只能接不定式，排除 C 和 D。表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，后接不定式完成
35、式，故選 B。10. A。現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。11. D。 句中 read 意為“有某字樣”，a message pinned to the door 意為“釘在門上的一張紙條”，a message 與 read 是主動關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。12. B?？疾榉侵^語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)平衡性。not to make it more difficult是與 to make it easier 形成對比的否定結(jié)構(gòu)，兩者在句中作表語。13. A。由 studied 可知，他曾到國外留過學(xué)，“留學(xué)”這個動作已結(jié)束并發(fā)生在謂語動作(is said)之前，所以要用完成式。14. A。此句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,句中的 that 引
36、導(dǎo)一個定語從句，它代表 the plan 并在從句中作 see 的賓語，the plan 與 carry out 是被動關(guān)系，因此，用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。即卻ee the plan carried out the next year.15. A。句意為“這條河已經(jīng)遭受如此嚴(yán)重的污染，現(xiàn)在要想清理也許為時已晚了”。suffer 發(fā)生在 clean up 之前，且有 already 暗示，無疑要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語。16. B。remain 作“尚需”解，要接不定式作表語，see 與 it(形式主語，指whether they will enjoy it)是動賓關(guān)系，因此用不定式的被動式。17.
37、D?！斑B詞+分詞”作狀語，依然由句子主語與分詞的關(guān)系來確定，主動關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動關(guān)系用過去分詞。the research 與 begin 是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞 begun。18. C。do with 與 what 連用是一個很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以表示“處置”、“利用”等。19. B。find 后可接現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作補(bǔ)語，但不接不定式。he 與 smoke 是主動關(guān)系，用 -ing 形式作補(bǔ)語，故選 B。20. D。look forward to 中 to 是介詞，后接動詞要用動名詞。若選 B，應(yīng)在其后加 to 才行。21. C。不定式作定語，the person 是 send it 的對
38、象，可理解為 to send it to the person。22. C。用完整的句子應(yīng)這樣回答：Losing her new bike made Mary so upset.23. D。因?yàn)?remain 是不及物動詞，其過去分詞無被動含義，所以要用 remaining(剩下的) 作定語，修飾 20 dollars。24. B。句意是“有五雙可供選擇，我拿不定主意從中選擇哪一雙”，而不是選擇五雙。25. C。Harvard(哈佛大學(xué))與 found(建立)是被動關(guān)系，且早在1636年已建立，故用過去分詞。26. D?？疾榉侵^語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)平衡性。因 and 連接兩個并列的簡單句，前一分句用-
39、ing 形式作主語，后一分句也應(yīng)用 -ing 形式作主語。27. D。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語就是句子主語。Finding her car stolen 的邏輯主語顯然是 she，故選 D。意為：她發(fā)現(xiàn)她的車被人偷了，她就趕緊報(bào)警求援。28. A。不定式作目的狀語?！笆巩a(chǎn)品更具競爭性”是“正在努力的目的”。29. C。“連詞+分詞”作狀語。his parents 與 lack money(缺錢)是主動關(guān)系，又因?yàn)?lack 是及物動詞，不用介詞，故選C。30. A。that 引導(dǎo)的從句與 problem 是同位語。need, want, require 等表示“(某物)需要做某事”時，后
40、接動名詞的主動式或接不定式的被動式都可以。31. C。lead to(導(dǎo)致、使)中的 to 是介詞，后接動名詞；邏輯主語 the thief 與catch 是被動關(guān)系，故選 C。32. A。given 作介詞，意為“鑒于、考慮到”，可接名詞或 that 從句。33. B。hang 表示“懸掛”時，可用作及物或不及物動詞，此處填 hanging 或 hung 均可，但不能填 being hung，因?yàn)樗硎緞幼髡谶M(jìn)行，而此處表示的是一種懸掛的狀態(tài)。34. A。介詞后接動詞一般要用動名詞，但 but / except 等介詞后卻可以接不定式，前面有行為動詞 do 時不帶 to，無 do 時要帶
41、to。35. B。devote卼o?把貢獻(xiàn)給；致力于)中 to 是介詞，應(yīng)接-ing 形式；all 是 devote 的賓語，he had 是省略了關(guān)系代詞 that 的定語從句，修飾 all。注意，千萬不要以為 had to 是“不得不”，后接動詞原形，而去選 A，那就中了命題人的圈套了。36. A。不定式作目的狀語。句意為：為了下午多睡一會，Bob 關(guān)掉了鬧鐘。37. C?！靶庐?dāng)選的總統(tǒng)日子不好過”是因?yàn)椤坝性S多問題要解決”，表示“有要”用不定式作定語。38. A。mean to do 打算做，mean doing 意味著。句意為：在英國的某些地方搭不上公共汽車意味著要再等一個小時。39.
42、 D?！笆钩鞘芯G化”是“我們(we)”的目的。40. B。key to(的關(guān)鍵)中 to 是介詞，應(yīng)接動名詞；又因名詞 demand 與 make 是被動關(guān)系(make demands 提出要求)，另有 by 這一標(biāo)志詞暗示，用過去分詞作定語。41. D。ask，tell, want 等后要接帶 to 的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，其否定式是在不定式前加 not。即 ask sb (not) to do sth 叫某人(不要)做某事。42. D。give 與其邏輯主語 he 是動賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞，故選 D，Given time=If he is given time。43. D。catch sb. doi
43、ng sth. 意為碰巧撞見某人正在做某事。歸納總結(jié)1. 非謂語動詞易錯點(diǎn)2. 非謂語動詞難點(diǎn)課后作業(yè)1. 整理 錯題2. 回家作業(yè)1. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in y
44、our mind instead of before your eyes.A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed3. The man insisted _ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding4. The old man, _ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to work B. wor
45、king C. to have worked D. having worked5. You were silly not _ your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked6. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.A. run B. running C. being run D. to run7. When flint _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introduc
46、ing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced8. “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, _ out of the window.A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked9. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take10
47、. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited11. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M.A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known12. Sarah, hurry up.
48、Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party.A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change13. _ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to stay another two days off the farm.A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted14. I dont know whether y
49、ou happen _ , but Im going to study in the U. S. A. this September.A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard15. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had
50、 a hard time _ the exam.A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing17. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all.A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared18. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completing B. Not comple
51、tedC. Not having completed D. Having not completed19. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ ityouve got some big bills coming.A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget20. According to a recent U. S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _ TV.A. to watch B
52、. to watching C. watching D. watch21. The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. cause B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused22. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt23. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded24. Having been attacked by terr
（通用版）2019中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語動詞講義
