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1、3.9 詞義猜測
A
2019·廣東珠海市第二學(xué)期高三二模
The tons of plastic we're dumping in the oceans is finding a new home—the stomachs of our beautiful marine animals. Yet another reminder of this fact washed ashore in Eastern Indonesia this week. A large amount of waste, including drinking cups and flip-flops, was
2、found in the stomach of a whale that died off the coast near Kapota Island.
The 9.5-metre sperm whale (抹香鯨) was found by rescuers from the Wakatobi National Park. “The whale had swallowed 5.9 kilograms of plastic waste containing 115 plastic cups, four plastic bottles, 25 plastic bags, and more tha
3、n 1,000 other kinds of pieces of plastic，” park chief Heri Santoso told the reporter.
“Although we have not been able to deduce the cause of death, the facts that we see are truly awful，” said Dwi Suprapti, a marine species conservation coordinator at WWF Indonesia. She said it was not possible to
4、determine if the plastic had caused the whale's death because of the animal's advanced state of decay (腐爛). But this is only the latest.
Four Asian nations—Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Thailand—account for 50% of the plastic waste in the oceans, according to a report by environmental cam
5、paigner Ocean Conservancy and the McKinsey Center for Business and Environment. The Philippines is second to Indonesia when it comes to putting away plastic waste in the oceans, according to a study published in the journal Science in January. Of the 3.2 million mismanaged waste it produces every ye
6、ar, 1.29 million ends up in the ocean.
A report released earlier this year stated that the amount of plastic in the ocean is likely to increase.
1．What can we know about the sperm whale?
A．Its stomach is the home of plastic waste.
B．It died of swallowing lots of plastic waste.
C．It was the firs
7、t whale to eat plastic waste.
D．It had eaten much plastic waste before its death.
2．Which can best replace the underlined word “deduce” in Paragraph 3?
A．Confirm. B.Cause.
C．Approve. D.Contain.
3．Which country in Asia dumps the most plastic waste into the oceans?
A．Thailand. B.Indonesia
8、.
C．Vietnam. D.Philippines.
4．What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Philippines puts away 1.29 million tons of plastic.
B．A sperm whale was found dead near Kapota Island.
C．Much dumped plastic waste was found in a dead whale.
D．We should take measures to reduce the waste in whales.
[語篇解讀] 這
9、是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講敘了在一頭死去的抹香鯨的胃里，發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的塑料垃圾。
1．D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句可知，這條抹香鯨在死前，吃了很多塑料垃圾，故選D。
2．A 【解析】詞義猜測題。由下文“She said it was not possible to determine if the plastic had caused the whale's death because of the animal's advanced state of decay(腐爛)．”可知畫線詞的意思是“證實(shí)”。 confirm證實(shí)；cause造成；approve贊成；contain包含；故
10、選A。
3．B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第二句“The Philippines is second to Indonesia when it comes to putting away plastic waste in the oceans，”可知，印度尼西亞向海洋傾倒的塑料垃圾最多，故選B。
4．C 【解析】主旨大意題。第一段中的“A large amount of waste, including drinking cups and flip-flops, was found in the stomach of a whale that died off the coast nea
11、r Kapota Island.”是全文的主題句，結(jié)合上下文，可知這篇文章主要講了在一頭死去的抹香鯨胃里，發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量塑料垃圾，故選C。
B
A public primary school in New York City has stopped giving its students homework.
P．S.116 Principal Jane Hsu wrote a letter to parents last month explaining that after more than a year of analyzing studies，the school had concl
12、uded that students' after-school time would be better spent on activities like reading at their own pace and playing rather than working on homework.
Hsu's letter says that many studies indicate that there is no connection between homework and academic success.Indeed，there are some studies also sho
13、w that the link between homework and success is doubtful at the primary school level.
An important 1989 study on homework by Professor Cooper found that doing homework led students to perform better in school as they grew older.In later grades，students who did homework performed increasingly better
14、 than students who did not.In 2006，Cooper published a study that analyzed 15 years' worth of data on the effectiveness of homework.He found that homework had a more positive impact on students as they aged，and identified stronger relations between homework and achievement for students in grades seve
15、n through twelve than for students in kindergarten through sixth grade.
A 2012 study from the Indiana University School of Education on 10thgraders found little relation between time spent on homework and better course grades，although it did find a positive relation between homework time and stand
16、ardized test performance.
Some parents of P．S.116 students are not happy with the decision to eliminate homework.
“I think they should have homework—some of it is about discipline.I want (my daughter) to have fun，but I also want her to be working towards a goal，” Daniel Tasman，the father of a seco
17、nd-grader at the school.
“You have to do homework in order to gain；you have to do homework because they may not be able to comprehend everything in school，” Sharon Blake，a grandmother of a P．S.116 student.
5．Principal Jane Hsu wrote the letter to the parents to ________ .
A．a(chǎn)nalyze the test resul
18、ts of the students
B．suggest students' reading at their own pace and playing
C．tell them about the conclusion of the research
D．give them the reason for the decision of the school
6．The decision to stop giving students homework depends upon ________.
A．studies on the link between homework and a
19、cademic success
B．students' wish to spend their time on activities or playing
C．Professor Cooper's research on the effectiveness of homework
D．the ideas of both school authorities and parents
7．Professor Cooper found in his research that ________.
A．kindergarten students spent too much time doi
20、ng activities
B．doing homework made the kindergarten students cleverer
C．only elderly students should be given homework to do
D．students benefit more from doing homework as they grow older
8．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．Refuse. B.Cancel.
C．Increase. D.Reduce
21、.
[語篇解讀] 本文是教育新聞報(bào)道類文章。文章講述了紐約一所公立小學(xué)日前宣布，停止給學(xué)生布置家庭作業(yè)，這引起了大家的關(guān)注和各方人士的評論。
5．D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Principal Jane Hsu找到文章對應(yīng)段落是文章第二段“P.S.116 Principal Jane Hsu wrote a letter to parents last month explaining that…”判斷該校長是在給學(xué)生家長們解釋學(xué)校的決定和原因。故選D。
6．A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞depends upon找到文章對應(yīng)段落是第三段“Hsu's letter say
22、s that many studies indicate that there is no connection between homework and academic success.”可知許多研究表明家庭作業(yè)與學(xué)業(yè)成績關(guān)系不大。故選A。
7．D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Professor Cooper找到文章對應(yīng)段落第四段“An important 1989 study on homework by Professor Cooper found that doing homework led students to perform better in school as t
23、hey grew older.”可知Professor Cooper發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著年齡的增長，做家庭作業(yè)能讓學(xué)生在學(xué)業(yè)上表現(xiàn)更好。故選D。
8．B 【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前文提到的取消作業(yè)的決定和劃線詞所在句中的“not happy with the decision”判斷是“取消”。故選B。
C
These days' teen girls lack something very important—self-esteem (自信)．They worry more about their appearance，instead of working on their schoolwork.T
24、heir concentration is on their bodies and clothing.A recent survey is conducted in a school，and here are the results：
·59% of 5th—12th grade girls are dissatisfied with their body shape.
·20%—40% of girls begin dieting at age 10.
·By 15，girls are twice as likely to become depressed as boys.
·Amo
25、ng 5th—12th graders,47% say they want to lose weight because of magazine pictures.
·73% of 8—12year-olds dress like teens and talk like teens.
The phenomenon that girls lack self-esteem worries many teachers and parents. Some experts conclude that teen girls' focus shifts and personal look become
26、s their main focus.“Self-esteem becomes too closely tied to physical appearance; girls feel they can't measure_up_to society standards，” says Anita Gurian，Ph.D.Significantly，girls are rushing to get whatever the other teen girls are getting，which affects their self-esteem.
The attitude of teen girl
27、s who think that they do not have perfect hair，perfect bodies，or perfect clothing can ruin a teen girl's self-esteem.Importantly，the question is how we can help them raise their self-esteem.Some opinions from experts and stay-at-home moms are，“Let daughters help fix the kitchen sink and let sons hel
28、p make dinner.” Self-esteem matters a lot；it is your courage，your confidence，and it is self-respect in yourself.
For decades teen girls all over the world have lacked self-esteem. Some girls will let people put them down and they will not stand up for themselves.They need to realize that they are a
29、ll unique individuals，and don't have to be a copy.Hopefully things will change and get better.It's obvious that we need to take some action，and help teen girls understand that looks don't always matter.What matters is your character and how you treat people；not having the perfect body，or perfect hai
30、r，but your inner beauty.
9．What is the major focus of the teen girls these days according to the passage?
A．Self-esteem. B.Appearance.
C．School work. D.Healthy weight.
10．The underlined phrase “measure up to” means “________ ”．
A．to test B.to meet
C．to change D.to understand
11．What causes th
31、e phenomenon that girls lack self-esteem according to the author?
A．Parents and teachers' worries.
B．Physical appearance.
C．The wrong attitude.
D．Opinions from experts.
12．What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage?
A．To tell the importance of teen girls' self-esteem.
B．To list the d
32、ifficulties that teen girls are facing.
C．To encourage teen girls to become unique individuals.
D．To help teen girls to realize how to raise self-esteem.
[語篇解讀] 本文是一篇議論文。文章就青春期女孩缺乏自信心這一問題進(jìn)行了分析并展開了論述。
9．B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中的第二、第三句以及第二段的第二句可知，目前青春期女孩最關(guān)注的是她們的外貌，所以選B。
10．B 【解析】詞義猜測題。由上下文可知“measure up to”這一短語在這里的意思是“達(dá)到預(yù)期的要求，符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，此處表示自信心已和外貌密切相關(guān)，女孩子們感到她們無法達(dá)到社會的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以選B。
11．C 【解析】推理判斷題。由文章第三段第一句及后面的分析可知，作者認(rèn)為女孩子們?nèi)狈ψ孕判闹饕撬齻冨e(cuò)誤的態(tài)度所致，所以選C。本題容易誤選B項(xiàng)，但由倒數(shù)第二段第一句中的“The attitude of teen girls”可知最核心原因是態(tài)度。
12．D 【解析】寫作意圖題。作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是幫助青春期女孩認(rèn)識到如何去提高自信心，所以選D。
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（新課標(biāo)）2020高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第三講 閱讀理解 3.9 詞義猜測專題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練
