（浙江專用）2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 話題練 第19練 世界與環(huán)境練習(xí)（含解析）

第19練 世界與環(huán)境基礎(chǔ)鞏固.單句語法填空1Theamountofwaterwhichissuitable_(drink) islessandlessnow.2Nowmoreandmorepeoplepaymoreattentiontohow_(save) water.3Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，itbecomesmoreimportant_(protect) ourenvironment.4InChinaalotofriversandlakesare_(serious) pollutedbysomefactories.5Somewastewaterhasbeenpouredintoriversandlakes，_(kill) alargenumberoffish.6Ifeveryonemakesacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment，theworld_(become) muchmorebeautiful.7Howtoprotectourenvironmenthasbeenoneofthemostdifficult_(problem) intheworld.8Weshouldplantmoreandmoretreesinordertolivebetterand_(healthy) inthefuture.9Itishightimethatthegovernment_(take) somemeasurestoreducepollution.10._thewholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern.11Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactories_(produce) harmfulgases.12Withouttheshadefromthetrees，theearthwouldgettoohottolive_.13Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors，mostof_arebeyondourcontrol.14Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicals_arepoisonoustohumanbeings.15Nobodyknows_(exact) whyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime.話題詞匯1pollutionn污染2atmospheren大氣，氣氛3consequencen結(jié)果，后果4attachgreatimportanceto.十分重視5beawareof.意識到6damagev毀壞7makeadifference有影響8environmentn環(huán)境9sufferv受苦，遭受10causev導(dǎo)致能力提升.閱讀理解A(2018·安徽皖北協(xié)作區(qū)聯(lián)考)Todaytropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconcern，rainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80,000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowstandsataround2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea.Deforestation(森林濫伐) oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction，thelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresources，andthereductionofcarbonsinks.However，thisdestructioncanbeslowed，stopped，andinsomecasesevenreversed(逆轉(zhuǎn))Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolved，butthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundtheremainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Economic，political，andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment.So，whatshouldbedone？Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical，notcompletelyidealisticanddependsondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable(可持續(xù)的) useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforests，effortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofprotectedareasarekeytosecuringrainforestsforthelong­termbenefitstheycanprovideformankind.Historicapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed，asshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregions，closingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicopportunitiesfortheruralpoor，norstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers.Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopreservingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstodeveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities.16Whathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforests?AHumansdestroyingthetrees.BCarbonsinksbeingreduced.CLackingrenewableresources.DFencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests.17Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?ATropicalrainforestscanbeeasilypreserved.BRainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected.CHumanactivitieshavehadaneffectontropicalrainforests.DEconomicreturnscanmakeadifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests.18Whatistheauthorsattitudetotropicalrainforestprotection?AIndifferent.BConcerned.CDoubtful.DPuzzled.19Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?AToshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation.BTostresstheimportanceoftherainforests.CToappealforrightwaystosavetherainforests.DTointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing.BForcenturies，elephantshaveplayedabigroleintheworldseconomies，culturesandreligions.TheAfricanelephantsusedtobefoundalloverAfricaandtheAsianelephantsmovedfromSyriatoChinatoIndonesia.Nowadays，elephantsarefoundinsmallgroupsinthesouthoftheSaharaDesertandscarcelyinSoutheastAsia，SriLankaandIndia.Intheearlytwentiethcentury，therewereclosetotenmillionelephants，andnowtheelephantnumberisaslowas252,000andexpectedtodropdownto160,000by2025.Between2007and2014，theelephantpopulationfellbyatleast30%，or144,000elephants.AsresearchershavetraveledovertheAfricanplains，theyonlyspottedoneherdof36elephantsinanarealikethesizeofMexico.Itisclearthatthesegentlemammalsaredisappearingrightbeforeoureyes.Therearemanyreasonswhytheelephantpopulationhasbeendecreasing，oneofwhichistheirhabitat.Humansarecompetingwithelephantsforlivingspace，andasmoreandmorehumansclearthelandthatisbeingusedbyelephants，theelephantshavelessspace.Elephanthuntingor“poaching”hasbeenamajorfactorforthedisappearanceofthisspecies，andtheyarekilledonlyfortheirvaluableivorytusks.Althoughthetradeoftusksisillegal，itisstillacommonpracticeinmanyplaces.Often，allthelocalpeoplelivingamongelephantswouldbefarmers，andfoundthattheycouldmakemoremoneybysellingthetusksofoneelephantthandoingmanuallaborfortwelveyears.Thatalonemakesitreallyhardtopreventthemfromkillingtheelephants.SomeplacessuchasBotswana，haveputinextraefforttoprotecttheirwildlifefrompoachersbyfoundingtheirBotswanaDefenseForce，whichismadeupofaround700specially­trainedsoldiersthatarestationedin40differentareas.Youmayfeelworriedaboutthepresentsituationselephantsarein，buttherearewaystohelp.Tofindouthowyoucanhelpelephantconservation，adoptanelephant，ordonate，clickhere.20ThenumberslistedinParagraph2showthat_.AhumansdontcareforelephantsBelephantshavebeennexttoextinctionCelephantshavebecomegentlerthanbeforeDelephantshavegainedmoreattention21Whatisthebiggestfactorforthedisappearingelephants?ALessspace.BAlackoffood.CSufferingfromadisease.DElephanthunting.22Whyisithardtobankillingtheelephantsamongthefarmers?ATheirtusksareprofitable.BElephantsaredestroyingtheirfieldscruelly.CFarmershopetomakealivingbysellingtheirmeat.DFarmerspracticetheirhuntingskillsbykillingelephants.23Whatisthepurposeofthistext?ATopersuadereaderstomakeadonation.BToguidereadershowtoprotectelephants.CToencouragereaderstohelpprotectelephants.DTointroducethedecreasingnumberofelephants.七選五Itseasytospotsignsofphysicalsuffering，butmuchemotionalpaincanbeeasilymasked._24_“Wedonttendtohaveconversationsaboutmentalwell­being，”saysDrBarbaraVanDahlen，aclinicpsychologist.“SimplyaskingsomeoneHowareyoumayjustgetFine，thankyou，”saysVanDahlen.“Itsimportanttobeawareofwhatcouldleadtosomebodyneedinghelptheyreafraidtoaskfor，”sheadds.Thefollowingarefoursignsafriendmightneedhelp._25_Ifyousensesomethingdifferentaboutthewayyourfriendisactingmaybehesnotsmilingmuchthesedays，forinstancetrustyourfeelingsandreachout.“Trysaying，Iseethesethings.Icareaboutyou.CanIbeofhelp？”VanDahlensays.Hesunusuallyunhappyorannoyed._26_“Itmaytakemorethanonetimetofollowupifyouretalkingtosomeonewhoisupset，”VanDahlensays，“butifafriendrespondswithanger，thatcouldmeanyoureontosomething.”Heslessputtogetherthanusual.Drinkingmoreandignoringpersonalhygiene(衛(wèi)生) canbesignsthatsomeoneisintrouble.Dontconsiderthesebehaviorsarenothing._27_Heseemsoverwhelmed(壓倒) bylife.Nooneishappyallthetime，butifyouronceoptimisticfriendcantfindanythingtobehopefulabout，hemaybehavingthoughtsofworthlessness，sadnessandsomethingnegative.“_28_”saysVanDahlen，“sothatmorepeoplecangetthehelptheyneed.”AHesactingabitmorewithdrawn.BHedoesntseemlikehimselflately.CInsteadtreatthemasasigntocareforyourfriend.DGettingangryquicklyandeasilycanbeasignthatsomethingiswrong.EItsaconstantefforttobringintotheopendiscussionsaboutmentalhealth.FManypeopleavoidtalkingaboutitnomatterhowclosetheyaretosomeone.GWewantpeopletogetcomfortablebeingmoreopenanddiscussingmentalhealth.答案精析話題練.1.todrink2.tosave3.toprotect4.seriously5.killing6.willbecome7.problems8.healthier9.shouldtake/took10.On11.producing12.on13.which14.which/that15.exactly.語篇解讀如今，熱帶雨林正面臨嚴(yán)重的生存危機，為世界敲響了環(huán)保警鐘。人類應(yīng)采取更加實際、有效的措施來保護(hù)熱帶雨林。16A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Deforestation(森林濫伐) of tropical rainforests has a global effect through species extinction”可知，人類對熱帶雨林的濫砍濫伐導(dǎo)致熱帶雨林一些物種的滅絕。故選A。17D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Economic，political，and social pressures will not allow rainforests to continue to exist if they are completely closed off from use and development.”可推知經(jīng)濟(jì)效益對保護(hù)熱帶雨林有一定影響。故選D。18B觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段和第四段的內(nèi)容可知，作者講述了熱帶雨林正在消失的現(xiàn)狀并提出了一些保護(hù)措施已經(jīng)無效的問題。由此可以推斷出作者對熱帶雨林保護(hù)持擔(dān)憂的態(tài)度。故選B。19C寫作目的題。通讀全文并根據(jù)最后兩段可知，作者認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)的保護(hù)熱帶雨林的方法無效，呼吁大家分享合適的保護(hù)措施。故選C。語篇解讀本文主要講了大象在經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和宗教上都起了很重要的作用，而現(xiàn)在由于種種原因，大象的數(shù)量在急劇減少。作者在這里呼吁人們保護(hù)野生大象。20B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的數(shù)據(jù)252 000,160 000,144 000,36可知，大象的數(shù)量在不斷地減少，所以它們有瀕臨滅絕的危險。故選B。21D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Elephant hunting or poaching has been a major factor for the disappearance of this species，and they are killed only for their valuable ivory tusks.”可知，導(dǎo)致大象滅絕最主要的原因是人類對大象的捕殺。故選D。22A推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，農(nóng)民捕殺大象的現(xiàn)象很難被禁止的原因是象牙很賺錢。故選A。23C寫作目的題。通讀全文尤其是文中最后一段的最后兩句可知，作者寫作本文是想鼓勵人們保護(hù)大象。故選C。.24F根據(jù)本空后的“We dont tend to have conversations about mental well­being”可知，“無論人們跟某人有多親密，他們都不會跟對方談?wù)撔睦矸矫娴膯栴}”。F項中的it指代本空上一句中的 emotional pain。故選F。25B根據(jù)下文中的“.something different about the way your friend is actingmaybe hes not smiling much these days.”可知，“朋友跟平常不一樣”是他心理出問題的跡象之一。故選B。26D根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Hes unusually unhappy or annoyed.”可知，“易怒是心理出問題的另一個跡象”。故選D。27C根據(jù)本空前的“Dont consider these behaviors are nothing.”可知，不要把這些不同尋常的行為不當(dāng)一回事，“而是要把它們當(dāng)成你去關(guān)愛朋友的跡象”。C項中的them指代上一句中的 behaviors。故選C。28G根據(jù)本空后的“so that more people can get the help they need”可推知Van Dahlen希望人們能更自在地敞開心扉談?wù)撔睦斫】?，只有這樣，更多的人才能得到他們需要的幫助。故選G。7