2020版高考英語大二輪復習 專題一 語法填空與短文改錯 第一部分 題型解讀 題型二 短文改錯學案 新人教版

題型二　短文改錯 一、動詞形式 動詞形式的錯誤設置一般包括以下三個方面： 1．動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤。 2．主、謂不一致的錯誤。 3．非謂語動詞的誤用。 [典例1]　Onewasthat...AndtheotheristhatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.(2019·全國Ⅱ) [is→was　考查動詞的時態(tài)。整篇文章使用的都是一般過去時，且上文中的“One was that...”用的也是一般過去時，所以最后一句話時態(tài)應為一般過去時。這里講述當時做決定時的原因。故將is改為was。] [典例2]　Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple，itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.(2019·全國Ⅲ) [opens→open　不定式作表語，to后用動詞原形。故把opens改為open。 required→requires　后一句考查動詞的時態(tài)。短文的主體時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時。故把required改為requires。] [典例3]　Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.(2019·全國Ⅰ) [interesting→interested　考查形容詞。短語become interested in意為“變得對……感興趣”。interesting有趣的，吸引人的，通常描述事物；interested感興趣的，通常描述人的感受。本句主語是人，故把interesting改為interested。] [典例4]　IfIsucceedinmanageone，Iwillopenmore.(2019·全國Ⅲ) [manage→managing　考查非謂詞動詞。succeed in doing sth.成功做某事。] 名師點津： 考生應認真分析動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是否正確，是否應用非謂語動詞形式。尤其要根據(jù)上下文所提供的時間信息(包括明信息：時間狀語；暗信息：上下文語境)仔細推敲，從而確定正確的動詞時態(tài)。同時還需要考慮動詞的及物與不及物以及主謂一致與虛擬語氣。 二、名詞的數(shù) 名詞單復數(shù)的錯誤設置一般包括以下三個方面： 1．可數(shù)名詞單復數(shù)的錯用：一般考查錯把復數(shù)用作單數(shù)，有時也考查錯把單數(shù)用作復數(shù)。 2．不可數(shù)名詞單復數(shù)的錯用：不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式。 3．可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞混淆：有些詞既可用作可數(shù)名詞也可用作不可數(shù)名詞，應注意具體語境。 解題時要理清可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞之間的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系；記清一些用于固定詞組中名詞的特殊用法。 [典例5]　Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly，sayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.(2019·全國Ⅰ) [player→players　“player(運動員)”為可數(shù)名詞，所以all(所有的)后需要用player的復數(shù)形式。故將player改為players。] [典例6]　SinceIwasakid，I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.(2019·全國Ⅱ) [job→jobs　“job(工作；職業(yè))”為可數(shù)名詞，用different(不同的)修飾時意思為不同種類的工作，應該用名詞的復數(shù)形式。故將job改為jobs。] [典例7]　Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.(2019·全國Ⅲ) [city→cities　many different后跟可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。故把city改為cities。] 三、注意形和副 形容詞和副詞的錯誤設置一般包括以下兩個方面： 1．形容詞和副詞的誤用。 2．原級、比較級和最高級的誤用。 [典例8]　Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.(2019·全國Ⅰ) [hardly→hard　“hard(用力地)”與“hardly(幾乎不)”都為副詞，但是詞義不同。此處表示“我用力把球踢回操場”，故將hardly改為hard。] [典例9]　First，Iwantedtobeafireman，whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.(2019·全國Ⅱ) [coolly→cool　句中的look為系動詞，系動詞后需用形容詞作表語。故將coolly改為cool。] [典例10]　OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.(2019·全國Ⅱ) [amazing→amazed　amazed吃驚的，驚訝的；amazing令人吃驚的，令人驚訝的。v.­ed形容詞說明人的感受，意為“感到……的”；v.­ing形容詞描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意為“令人……的”，此處說明主語I的感受，故用v.­ed形式的形容詞。] [典例11]　WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.(2019·全國Ⅲ) [ordinarily→ordinary　修飾名詞cafe應用形容詞。故把ordinarily改為 ordinary。] 四、代詞的格與數(shù) 代詞的錯誤設置一般包括以下兩個方面： 1．人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞等。 2．不定代詞的誤用及混用。 [典例12]　Inthecafe，customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthatiscreatedforthem.(2019·全國Ⅲ) [yourselves→themselves　此處指代主語customers，故把 yourselves改為 themselves。] 五、介詞短語須關注 介詞的錯誤設置主要考查介詞短語和習慣用法的搭配。 [典例13]　Iwantmycafetohaveaspecialthemesuchaslike“TangDynasty”．(2019·全國Ⅲ) [刪除like　such as和like都表示“例如”，句意重復。故把like刪除。] 六、連詞、從句常光顧 1．連詞but，and，or，because，so的用法錯誤 考生應認真分析句子結構，如果是并列句或復合句，要特別注意前后分句或主從句的關系，確保在意義和結構上通順流暢。 [典例14]　Suddenlyafootballfelljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.(2019·全國Ⅰ) [but→and　“足球落下來”與“打到我”兩個動作是順承關系，不是轉折關系。故將but改為and。] [典例15]　WhenIstudiedchemistryinhighschool，Ireconsideredmygoalordecidedtobeadoctor.(2019·全國Ⅱ) [or→and　reconsidered my goal和decided to be a doctor之間為順承關系，并非選擇關系，故將or改為and。] 2．各大從句細揣摩 [典例16]　OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool，Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground. (2019·全國Ⅰ) [where→when　本句含有一個定語從句，先行詞為One afternoon，且引導詞在從句中作時間狀語，應用關系副詞when。故把where改為when。] 1 (2019·河北唐山?jīng)_刺三) Philwasatravelingsalesmanandheenjoyeddrinkalcoholverymuch.Oneday，hewenttoastrangetownandspendtheeveninginasmallrestaurant.He’ddrunkquitealotandhadjustcomeoutoftherestaurantashesawanothermeninthemiddleoftheroad.Theothermanhadbeenintherestaurant，either.AndhehaddrunkevenmorethanPhilhad.He’dobviouslyseensomethingstrangelyintheskybecauseofhewaspointingup.“Excuseme，”themanaskedPhil，“isthatthesunandthemoon？”Phillookedatitforasecondandthensaid，“I’mafraidIcan’thelphim.I’malsostrangerheremyself.” 答案 Philwasatravelingsalesmanandheenjoyedalcoholverymuch.Oneday，hewenttoastrangetownandtheeveninginasmallrestaurant.He’ddrunkquitealotandhadjustcomeoutoftherestauranthesawanotherinthemiddleoftheroad.Theothermanhadbeenintherestaurant，.AndhehaddrunkevenmorethanPhilhad.He’dobviouslyseensomethingintheskybecauseofhewaspointingup.“Excuseme，”themanaskedPhil，“isthatthesunthemoon？”Phillookedatitforasecondandthensaid，“I’mafraidIcan’thelp.I’malsostrangerheremyself.” 2 (2019·遼寧實驗中學模擬) Ihavelotsofhobbies，likeskating，painting，andsurfingtheInternet，andsoon.Networkisnowwideusedinpeople’slife.Icandosuchthingsasmakingfriends，playinggamesandstudyingonline，thatgreatlyenrichmylife.Networkhaschangedthewayweliveandmakesourlifeeasythanbefore.Skatingisagoodwaytoexerciseandit’sbeneficialtoourhealthy，butIlikepaintingbest.Myparentsencouragemeenjoythepaintingprocessandthebeautyofart.Ifmypaintingtechniqueisnotgood，Ireallydevotemetoit.AndItrulybelieveIwouldabsolutelybethepainterinthefuture. 答案　 Ihavelotsofhobbies，likeskating，painting，andsurfingtheInternet，andsoon.Networkisnowusedinpeople’slife.Icandosuchthingsasmakingfriends，playinggamesandstudyingonline，greatlyenrichmylife.Networkhaschangedthewayweliveandmakesourlifethanbefore.Skatingisagoodwaytoexerciseandit’sbeneficialtoour，butIlikepaintingbest.Myparentsencouragemeenjoythepaintingprocessandthebeautyofart.mypaintingtechniqueisnotgood，Ireallydevotetoit.AndItrulybelieveIabsolutelybepainterinthefuture. 第一處：考查并列賓語。分析句子結構可知，like...為介賓短語。此處是并列賓語，根據(jù)andsoon可知前面的and是多余的，故去掉。 第二處：考查詞形轉換。此處used是動詞，由副詞來修飾，故把wide改為widely。 第三處：考查非限制性定語從句的引導詞。分析句子結構可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，引導詞指代前面的整個句子，故把that改為which。 第四處：考查比較級。根據(jù)than可知此處應用比較級，故把easy改為easier。 第五處：考查詞性轉換。此處our是形容詞性物主代詞，修飾名詞，故把healthy改為health。 第六處：考查固定搭配。固定搭配：encouragesb.todosth.“鼓勵某人做某事”。故在enjoy前加to。 第七處：考查狀語從句的引導詞。分析句子結構可知此處是讓步狀語從句，故把If改為Though/Although/While。 第八處：考查固定搭配。固定搭配：devoteoneselfto“致力于，獻身于”。故把devote后面的me改為myself。 第九處：考查時態(tài)。由句中的“Itrulybelieveinthefuture”可知句子用一般將來時態(tài)，故把would改為will。 第十處：考查不定冠詞。結合句意可知此處表示“泛指”，又由painter的發(fā)音是以輔音音素開頭的，故把painter前的the改為a。 強化練(二) 1 (2019·山東淄博二模) ItcanbeseenfromthepictureMrLiu，whowearsamask，waswalkinghisdog.Interestingly，hisdogwhichalsowearsamask. Inrecentyear，airpollutionhasbecomemoreandmoreseriousinsomeareas，whichhaveledtosevereconsequences.Tosolvethisproblem，firstlyofall，weshouldraisethepublicawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.Secondly，thegovernmentoughttopunishtheillegalactspollutingtheenvironmentsevere.Thirdly，wemustdoourbesttoprotectingtheenvironmentinourdailylife.Onlyinthiswaycanhumanbeingsandanimalsshareapleasantplanetorliveahappylife. 答案 ItcanbeseenfromthepictureMrLiu，whowearsamask，walkinghisdog.Interestingly，hisdogwhichalsowearsamask. Inrecent，airpollutionhasbecomemoreandmoreseriousinsomeareas，whichledtosevereconsequences.Tosolvethisproblem，ofall，weshouldraisethepublicawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.Secondly，thegovernmentoughttopunishtheillegalactspollutingtheenvironment.Thirdly，wemustdoourbesttotheenvironmentinourdailylife.Onlyinthiswaycanhumanbeingsandanimalsshareapleasantplanetliveahappylife. 2 (2019·安徽師大附中檢測) Mymomanddadaregreatcooks，butIalwaysenjoystayingathomeandhavingdeliciousfood.IrememberedwhenIwasaboutsix，allthekidsinmyneighborhoodwantedhamburgersandchips，butsomedidn’thavemoneytobuyit.Somyfathertriedtomakesomeontheweekendandaskedthemeatatmyhomeforthefree.Thekidswereveryhappier.Ithelpedmemakelotsoffriend.NowIoftencookingformyparents，andtheylikemydishes，either.It’sreallyrelaxingtositaroundatableformyparents，eatingandtalkingtogether. 答案 Mymomanddadaregreatcooks，Ialwaysenjoystayingathomeandhavingdeliciousfood.IwhenIwasaboutsix，allthekidsinmyneighborhoodwantedhamburgersandchips，butsomedidn’thavemoneytobuy.Somyfathertriedtomakesomeontheweekendandaskedthemeatatmyhomeforthefree.Thekidswerevery.Ithelpedmemakelotsof.NowIoftenformyparents，andtheylikemydishes，.It’sreallyrelaxingtositaroundatablemyparents，eatingandtalkingtogether. 3 (2019·湖北黃岡模擬) DearMsSmith， I’mwritingtoaskwhetheryoucoulddomefavor.I’vejustfinishedanessaynaming“DifferencesbetweentraditionalChineseandWesternfestivals”，soI’mnotsurewhetheritiswellwritten.Tobehonestly，I’mnotthatfamiliarwithsometraditionalWesternfestivals.That’sbecauseI’mturningtoyouforhelp.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldsparesometimetolookintomyessayforpossiblemistakesandpolishthem.Also，I’mlookingforwardtoyourvaluableadvices.Myessayhasbeensendingtoyoualongwiththisemail.Ihopeitwon’tcauseyoutoomuchmoretrouble. Thankyouinadvance. Yourssincerely， LiHua 答案 DearMsSmith， I’mwritingtoaskwhetheryoucoulddomefavor.I’vejustfinishedanessay“DifferencesbetweentraditionalChineseandWesternfestivals”，I’mnotsurewhetheritiswellwritten.Tobe，I’mnotthatfamiliarwithsometraditionalWesternfestivals.That’sI’mturningtoyouforhelp.I’dappreciateitifyoucouldsparesometimetolookmyessayforpossiblemistakesandpolish.Also，I’mlookingforwardtoyourvaluable.Myessayhasbeentoyoualongwiththisemail.Ihopeitwon’tcauseyoutoomuchmoretrouble. Thankyouinadvance. Yourssincerely， LiHua 4 (2019·河南實驗中學模擬) Itwasarainandcoldnight.Ifinishmyeveningclassesandwasabouttogobacktomyhouse.Igotintoataxiandtoldthedrivermydestination.Tomysurprise，thedrivermadeanapology，sayshedidn’tknowtheway.Whatcomeataxidriverdidn’tknowtheway？Iwasalittleofangry.Atthemoment，anoldcouplestoppedourcar.Theirdestinationwasthesameasme，soheletthemin.Thetwogreetedusbutthegrandpatoldthedrivertheway.FromtheirconversationIknewthedriverwasafarmerandhehasbeenataxidriverjustforthreedays. I’malsonewtoZhengzhou.SometimesImakedirectionmistakes，butthereisalwaysapersoncanhelpme.Itwascoldoutside，butIfeltrealwarm. 答案 Itwasaandcoldnight.Imyeveningclassesandwasabouttogobacktomyhouse.Igotintoataxiandtoldthedrivermydestination.Tomysurprise，thedrivermadeanapology，hedidn’eataxidriverdidn’tknowtheway? Iwasalittleofangry.Atthemoment，anoldcouplestoppedourcar.Theirdestinationwasthesameas，soheletthemin.Thetwogreetedusthegrandpatoldthedrivertheway.FromtheirconversationIknewthedriverwasafarmerandhebeenataxidriverjustforthreedays. I’malsonewtoZhengzhou.SometimesImakedirectionmistakes，butthereisalwaysapersoncanhelpme.Itwascoldoutside，butIfeltwarm. 9