（江蘇專用）2020高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題限時檢測（十九）閱讀理解B篇保分練（二）

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1、專題限時檢測(十九)　閱讀理解B篇保分練(二) (共4篇，限時28分鐘) A (2019·南京、鹽城模擬)That competition keeps prices down is well known. But it is hard to measure by just how much, because prices vary for all sorts of reasons, from differences in labour costs and rents to taxes. Rising to the challenge is a new paper in The Econo

2、mic Journal by Giacomo Calzolari, Andrea Ichino, Francesco Manaresi and Viki Nellas，economists at the European University Institute, Bologna University and the Italian central bank. They looked at pharmacies (藥房) and specifically at customers who may be particularly easy to rip off: new parents. Us

3、ing data for 2007 to 2010 covering about a fifth of pharmacies in Italy, the researchers measured the way in which prices of hygiene products for babies changed as the number of babies varied. They took advantage of a peculiar law from the 1960s, according to which regions with at most 7,500 people

4、are allowed just one pharmacy (supposedly to keep the quality of services high). They compared prices in places with populations just below this threshold, and just above. The products studied included some 3,000 varieties of shampoos, bath foams, baby wipes, creams and so on. Many are also used by

5、 adults on themselves. Some people, for example, prefer suncream labelled “for children” because of its high level of protection. When raising prices for these products, even a pharmacist with a monopoly (壟斷) must consider the risk that adult users will switch to products that are not aimed at child

6、ren. But a rise in the number of babies, and hence buyers who are parents, could tip_the_scales_towards price increases. By contrast, the pharmacist should already be charging as much as parents are willing to pay for products without adult users, such as nappies. The scholars found that pharmacist

7、s raised prices when there were more new parents — but only in regions with a single pharmacy, and not for nappies. In monopoly areas a doubling of the number of babies from one month to the next (not unusual in a small population) coincided with a 5% increase in the price of the basket of baby-hygi

8、ene products. The study is timely. Italy's government has started to loosen some of the many restrictions that stop competition in the pharmacy sector (though not yet the one that the researchers relied on). But such regulations are plentiful in many other lines of business, and not just in Italy.

9、The consumers who pay the price are often those who find it hardest to travel to shop around — for example, people with crying babies on their hands. 語篇解讀：研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)競爭有利于降低價格。但是在一些人口比較少，只有一家壟斷的藥店的地方，兒童用藥價格就比較高，所以文章建議政府放寬醫(yī)藥行業(yè)準(zhǔn)入門檻，多增加一些藥店，這樣可以減輕新手父母的負(fù)擔(dān)。 1．What's the purpose of the study? A．To review t

10、he function of the special law for pharmacies. B．To make clear the relation between competition and prices. C．To collect the information on pharmacy business in Italy. D．To gather the data on hygiene products for babies in Italy. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一、二句“That competition keeps prices down is we

11、ll known. But it is hard to measure by just how much ...”可知，大家都知道競爭會導(dǎo)致價格下降，但是很難具體測量競爭到底影響了多少價格，所以研究的目的是為了搞清楚競爭和價格之間的關(guān)系。 2．The underlined phrase“tip the scales”in Paragraph 3 means “________”． A．push the move　　　　 B．keep the level C．control the rise D．break the balance 解析：選A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本文的主題以及常識可

12、知嬰兒多了，家長(要擴(kuò)大購買)會推動價格上漲。畫線詞意為“推動價格上漲”，A項(xiàng)與之表達(dá)的意思一致，故選A。 3．The government's new measures will greatly benefit ________. A．pharmacy owners B．local merchants C．new parents D．a(chǎn)dult users 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，懷抱嬰兒的家長不方便到遠(yuǎn)的地方去買兒童藥品，所以在藥店比較少的地方容易被欺詐。放寬一些禁止醫(yī)藥行業(yè)競爭的政策，同一個地方會有更多的藥店，有利于降低藥價，所以剛做父母的人會受益

13、。 B (2019·南通七市模擬)We all have defining moments in our lives — meaningful experiences that stand out in our memory. Many of them owe a great deal to chance: a lucky encounter (相遇) with someone who becomes the love of your life. A new teacher who spots a talent you didn't know you had. These moments

14、seem to be the product of fate or luck. We can't control them. But is that true? Not necessarily. Defining moments shape our lives, but we don't have to wait for them to happen. We can be the authors of them. It is possible to create defining moments if we understand more about them. Our research s

15、hows that they all share a set of common elements. We start by asking: why do we remember certain experiences and forget others? In the case of big days, such as weddings, the answer is pretty clear — it's a celebration that is grand in scale and rich in emotion. No surprise that it's more memorable

16、 than a maths lesson. But for other experiences in life — from holidays to work projects — it's not so clear why we remember what we do. Consider an experiment in which participants were asked to submerge (浸入) their hands for 60 seconds in buckets filled with 14℃ water. (Remember 14℃ water feels mu

17、ch colder than 14℃ air.) They were then asked to submerge their hands for 90 seconds instead of 60, but during the final 30 seconds, the water warmed up to 15℃. The participants were then given a choice: would you rather repeat the first trial or the second? Psychologists have explained the reasons

18、 for this puzzling result. When people assess an experience, they tend to forget or ignore its length. Instead they seem to rate the experience based on two key moments: the best or worst moment, known as the peak, and the ending. In the participants' memories, what stood out for them was that the

19、longer trial ended more comfortably than the shorter one. So when we assess our experiences, we don't average our minute-by-minute feelings. Rather, we tend to remember flagship moments: the peaks, the pits (低谷) and the transitions. What we don't remember are the bits in between — sometimes there is

20、 little to distinguish one week from the next. Partly this is because there may be only a dozen moments in your life that show who you are — those are big defining moments. But there are smaller experiences, too, in the context of a memorable holiday, romantic date or work achievement. Once we unde

21、rstand how we remember certain moments and why, we can start to create more moments that matter. 語篇解讀：本文主要闡述了人生的關(guān)鍵時刻最容易被記住，對一個人的影響也是最大的。對于這些關(guān)鍵的時刻，我們不應(yīng)被動地等，而是可以積極地去創(chuàng)造的。 4．How does the author understand defining moments? A．We can create defining moments in our lives. B．Defining moments are just

22、 out of our control. C．No similarities exist between defining moments. D．Defining moments consist of smaller experiences. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第四、五句“We can be the authors of them. It is possible to create defining moments if we understand more about them.”可知，作者認(rèn)為決定性的時刻不必等待，我們自己可以創(chuàng)造這樣的時刻。

23、5．We can learn from the experiment that ________. A．the striking moments are more likely to be remembered B．the length of an experience determines our memory of it C．it is meaningful to distinguish the pits in between flagship moments D．a(chǎn)ll the components of an experience should be equally rem

24、embered 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第三句“Rather, we tend to remember flagship moments: the peaks, the pits (低谷) and the transitions.”可知，我們傾向于記住最重要的時刻：人生巔峰、低谷和轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。the striking moments與flagship moments含義一致，都是指人生最重要的時刻。 6．What would probably be discussed in the following part of the text? A．What to prepare fo

25、r life's trials. B．Why to create defining moments. C．Whom to owe our good fates to. D．How to create life's big moments. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。最后一段指出當(dāng)我們知道了如何記住那些確定的時刻，我們就可以去創(chuàng)造更多重要的時刻，由此可推測，接下來就應(yīng)該要說怎么去創(chuàng)造重要的時刻。 C (2019·南京模擬)Like a lot of healthcare professionals, Dr. Brian Goldman finds it extremely di

26、fficult to draw boundaries between his work and personal lives.“There's this view that you should suck it up and do one more thing，” says the ER physician and host of CBC's White Coat, Black Art. But that “one more thing” often comes at Goldman's expense. “You're exhausted and a patient or their fa

27、mily look at you with begging eyes，” he says.“So you have this dilemma: say that your shift is over or give until you're totally spent？” Goldman's work stress combined with family tension after his mother was diagnosed with dementia 20 years ago. Caring for her over a decade was difficult, as was de

28、aling with his father's grief.“When someone else is drowning you, you have to grab a life preserver and save yourself，” says Goldman. Setting boundaries isn't just important for busy professionals; everyone can benefit from managing situations that cause undue stress or pain. Here are some tips. F

29、irst，“If someone's behavior makes you unhappy — and it could be anything from the way they speak to you to repeatedly failing to stick to their promise — then there's room to set limits，” says Patrick Keelan, a Calgary psychologist. We often avoid setting limits because we prioritize the happiness a

30、nd comfort of others over ours. In order to control this_impulse,_Goldman suggests framing the development of boundaries as a form of self-kindness. When facing an overwhelming situation like the one he was in with his father, Goldman suggests reflecting on what is making you feel uncomfortable, unh

31、appy or unappreciated.“You can't relate to others or be kind to others if you aren't kind to yourself，” he says. Second, once you've become aware of your needs, setting and maintaining boundaries requires clear verbal communication. There are three obstacles to enforcing boundaries in a relationshi

32、p: fear, guilt and selfdoubt, says psychologist Nicole McCance. We often fear that if we set limits, the other person will reject us, or we feel bad claiming our needs. Keelan proposes setting ground rules before relationships become tense. Start by cooperatively listing values — like mutual respect

33、, support, and loyalty — and then building the guidelines from these values. If you're struggling to reach a consensus, Keelan recommends engaging a third party, such as a therapist, to help. Now, if you want a boundary to stick to, you can't enable someone in breaking it. As such, it's crucial to

34、establish consequences for transgressions (越軌). Otherwise, McCance says，“you're giving them permission to violate that boundary.” If they won't respect your boundaries, you have to do some soul-searching about the value of the relationship.“When you feel bad more than you feel good in this person's

35、presence, and when the relationship is impacting your selfworth and happiness, it's time to reassess，”says McCance. Saying no is hard, but she suggests framing it as saying yes to healthier relationships.“We're all better mothers and partners and brothers when we have boundaries.” 語篇解讀：本文主要討論了設(shè)定必要的

36、界限的重要性，并且就如何設(shè)定界限提出了幾點(diǎn)建議。 7．What do we know about Goldman? A．He is in need of support in his work. B．He is caught between his work and life. C．He slides into the state of desperation. D．He always puts his family at the first place. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Like a lot of healthcare professio

37、nals, Dr. Brian Goldman finds it extremely difficult to draw boundaries between his work and personal lives.”可知，像許多醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人士一樣，布萊恩·戈德曼博士發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在工作和個人生活之間劃清界限，即他被困在工作和生活之間。 8．What do the underlined words “this impulse” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Prioritizing others' happiness. B．Avoiding setting lim

38、its. C．Failing to stick to their promise. D．Framing the development of boundaries. 解析：選A　詞義猜測題。畫線部分this impulse意為“這種沖動”，this指代前一句提到的“we prioritize the happiness and comfort of others over ours”。 9．What's the best title of the passage? A．Do communicate B．Do not cross C．Identify your limit

39、s D．Say no and mean it 解析：選B　標(biāo)題歸納題。文章一開始談到醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人士布萊恩·戈德曼博士發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在工作和個人生活之間劃清界限。第二段舉例說明這樣做的危害。第一段和第二段都可以看成導(dǎo)入主題之前的鋪墊。第三段提出文章的主題，即“Setting boundaries isn't just important for busy professionals; everyone can benefit from managing situations that cause undue stress or pain.”接下去幾段的內(nèi)容就如何設(shè)定界限提出了幾點(diǎn)建議。所以“

40、Do not cross”能夠概括整篇文章的內(nèi)容，提醒人們要注意設(shè)定必要的界限，永遠(yuǎn)都不要超越這個界限。 D (2019·揚(yáng)、泰、南、淮、徐、宿、連模擬)Researchers around the world interested in uncovering complex human disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, could soon have access to cloned monkeys with genomes that have been edited to display these conditions in China.

41、 On 24 January, scientists at the Institute of Neuroscience (ION) in Shanghai reported that they had used gene-editing to disable a gene in monkeys that is crucial to their sleepwake cycle. The scientists then cloned one of those monkeys to produce five primates (靈長目動物) with almost identical (相同的)

42、genes. It is the first time that researchers have cloned a gene-edited monkey. Primates are the best animal model for studying higher cognitive (認(rèn)知的) functions and brain disorders in humans, says neuroscientist Muming Poo, ION's director and cofounder of the new 720 million yuan (US D|S106 million)

43、 centre. The advantage of creating cloned monkeys is that it reduces the number of animals needed for certain types of experiments, such as testing whether a drug works. But some scientists think that experiments using monkeys should be a last approach because of their higher levels of cognition. M

44、itchell Lazar, who studies metabolic disease at the University of Pennsylvania, says that some experiments in mice — for example, research into the genes behind human diseases — are equally appropriate scientifically as in primates. Research in mice is also more accepted by the public, and the anima

45、ls are cheaper and quicker to produce. Lazar worries that if scientists have ready access to populations of gene-edited monkeys, they might use them for experiments when rodents (嚙齒動物) would do. Poo says that mice are not a good substitute for studying higher cognitive functions and brain disorders

46、 in humans. He argues that cloning will reduce the burden on monkeys by cutting the number used in labs. The ION follows strict international guidelines for animal research, he says. Poo's team will continue to study the effect of gene editing on their five cloned monkeys. The group disabled a gene

47、, BMAL1, that has a crucial role in maintaining circadian rhythm (生理節(jié)奏), the internal clock that helps a healthy sleepwake cycle. In people, BMAL1 mutations have been linked to diabetes, hypertension and depression. The monkeys with the disabled BMAL1 genes move more at night and sleep less overall

48、. They also display psychosis-related symptoms, such as fear and anxiety, when put in unfamiliar environments. The team's next step is to look in detail at the neural (神經(jīng)的) mechanisms that might create these problems. It will also take advantage of the genetically identical monkeys to hunt for diag

49、nostic markers of circadian rhythm-related disorders and possible treatments. 語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了中國開始克隆和人類有著類似基因的猴子，用來做科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，從而找到一些比較棘手的疾病的治療方法。 10．Why were the genetically identical monkeys cloned? A．To prove scientists' innovation in cloning animals. B．To study the rare characteristics of cloned mon

50、keys. C．To explore many possibilities for monkeys' cognition. D．To provide improved animal models of human diseases. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Primates are the best animal model for studying higher cognitive(認(rèn)知的) functions and brain disorders in humans”可知，靈長類動物是研究人類高級認(rèn)知功能和大腦紊亂的最佳動物模型。所以克隆更多的和人類有著類似

51、基因的靈長類動物，是為了給人類的疾病提供更好的動物模型。 11．What does Mitchell Lazar think of cloning monkeys? A．It is of little value. B．It is of much practice. C．It is hardly acceptable. D．It is completely illegal. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第二、三句“Mitchell Lazar ... says that some experiments in mice ... are equally ap

52、propriate scientifically as in primates. Research in mice is also more accepted by the public”可知，他認(rèn)為用老鼠做實(shí)驗(yàn)也能達(dá)到用猴子做實(shí)驗(yàn)的效果，而且用老鼠做實(shí)驗(yàn)也更容易被公眾所接受。言下之意就是用猴子做實(shí)驗(yàn)不容易被人們所接受。 12．From the passage we can know that Poo's team will ________. A．continue to disable a gene on the monkeys B．try to clone more monkey

53、s and edit their genes C．find the similarities between humans and monkeys D．determine the cause of sleep disorders and find cures 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“It will also take advantage of the genetically identical monkeys to hunt for diagnostic markers of circadian rhythmrelated disorders and possible treatments.”可知，他們還將利用基因相同的猴子來尋找與晝夜周期紊亂相關(guān)的疾病的診斷指標(biāo)和可能的治療方法。 - 8 -