（新課標(biāo)）2020高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第三講 閱讀理解 3.5 推理判斷（二）寫(xiě)作意圖推斷專(zhuān)題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練

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1、3.5 推理判斷（二）寫(xiě)作意圖推斷 A (2019·武漢市五月調(diào)研卷)The Harvard Pre-College Program is a nice experience for high school students. Alongside peers(同輩) from around the world, you'll be introduced to college life as you attend classes，live on campus, and enjoy fun outings and activities. ◆Learning without limits

2、 Biology, physics, law, writing and philosophy—these are just a few of the 30-plus courses you can choose from in each session. In our noncredit classes, we set aside grades so that you can fully commit to your growth as a well-rounded student. Class sizes typically range from 14 to 18 students to e

3、ncourage interactive learning. ◆Living at Harvard When you attend the Pre-College Program, you'll live in a historic undergraduate house, near Harvard Square. You will be with your fellow Pre-College students, resident directors, and proctors who provide support. You'll also enjoy meals in one of

4、Harvard's dining halls, which are a short walk from Harvard Yard and provide many options for a variety of dietary needs. ◆Thriving outside the classroom The summer Pre-College Program offers many mentally challenging co-curricular(補(bǔ)充課程的) activities beyond the classroom. With faculty and Harvard-a

5、ffiliated experts, you will have the opportunity to participate in workshops on topics like the psychology of colorblindness, classic literature from around the world and science of happiness. From our Cambridge scavenger hunt to a trip to the Sand Sculpting Festival at America's first public beach,

6、 there's no shortage of run activities in the Pre-College Program. 1．What do we know about the 30-plus courses? A．You can only choose five of them. B．They provide credits for students. C．You should set aside other subjects. D．They assist your full development. 2．Where can you enjoy meals durin

7、g the program? A．Near Harvard Square. B．Close to Harvard Yard. C．In one of the workshops. D．In an undergraduate house. 3．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To advertise meals. B．To comment on an activity. C．To introduce a program. D．To recommend courses. [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了一個(gè)針對(duì)高中生的名為T(mén)h

8、e Harvard Pre-College的項(xiàng)目，以及這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的具體課程食宿安排信息。 1．D　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“In our noncredit classes, we set aside grades so that you can fully commit to your growth as a well-rounded student.”可知30-plus 課程更能夠讓你全身心地投入到你的成長(zhǎng)中，成為一個(gè)全面發(fā)展的學(xué)生。即它們有助于你的全面發(fā)展。 2．B　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“You'll also enjoy meals in one of

9、Harvard's dining halls, which are a short walk from Harvard Yard and provide many options for a variety of dietary needs.”可知你是在哈佛一個(gè)餐廳用餐，這里離 Harvard Yard 很近，可以滿足多種飲食需求。即你可以在靠近 Harvard Yard 的地方吃飯。 3．C　【解析】寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一句“The Harvard Pre-College Program is a nice experience for high school students.” 以及

10、文章主要內(nèi)容為介紹The Harvard Pre-College項(xiàng)目可知，本文的目的是為了介紹一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。 B As the population of the planet increases，so does the number of homes，businesses，parking lots，schools，airports and roadways.All these structures use electricity and need to be lighted.Humans demand these lights.They want their homes more comfo

11、rtable and they want their streets safer.The problem is that researchers are finding that all the light is having a negative effect on humans and wildlife as well. Less than 10 years ago I drove to a thinly populated section of my town，lay down in the middle of the road and watched an attractive me

12、teor shower (流星雨)．The area was short of homes，street lights and traffic.If I did that today，I wouldn't be able to see the meteor shower as well.Due to the increase in street lights，I would surely be run over by a car. Nowadays scientists are finding light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon di

13、oxide pollution.If you've ever taken a flight at night，the view is beautiful，but you must remember that all the light you see wastes electricity.The crew of the space shuttles see an even bigger picture of how extensive the wasted electricity is worldwide. One of the saddest parts of light pollutio

14、n is that most of it is unnecessary and most of the outdoor light that we use is wasted.One only needs to look at a row of street lights to see how much of the light shines upwards and lights the sky：a total waste of electricity. Additionally，somewhere electricity needs to be produced，and the produ

15、ction of electricity creates pollution by releasing greenhouse gases.This affects the air we breathe and our quality of life. Scientists are also studying the effects of light pollution on wildlife. Thousands of birds die each year when they crash into highly lighted buildings，as they become puzzle

16、d by the light.It has been long known that tiny baby sea turtles become lost and follow lights on the shore instead of heading towards the sea. Fortunately，light pollution is one of the easiest sources of pollution that can be corrected without a negative effect. Following some guidelines and a lit

17、tle searching on Google can give you many ideas on how to reduce your contribution to light pollution. 4．It is implied in Paragraph 3 that the best way to deal with light pollution is ________. A．reducing the output of the lights B．a(chǎn)voiding the use of unnecessary lighting C．educating people abou

18、t light pollution D．inventing environment-friendly lights 5．Which of the following is the effect of light pollution? A．Many animal species have died out. B．More traffic accidents happen every day. C．The air we breathe may be polluted. D．It is much easier for us to watch meteor showers. 6．What

19、 can be inferred from the text? A．We are almost at a loss about how to deal with light pollution. B．Global warming results in light pollution in some way. C．Astronauts can't see clearly in space nowadays. D．Some animals use natural light to direct their movements. 7．What will probably be provid

20、ed following the last paragraph? A．Helpful tips for surfing the Internet. B．Approaches to decreasing light pollution. C．Benefits of searching on Google. D．More bad effects of light pollution. [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。談到污染，你可能會(huì)想到空氣污染、水污染等。但你有沒(méi)有意識(shí)到光污染所帶來(lái)的危害呢？ 4．B　【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句中“…but you must remembe

21、r that all the light you see wastes electricity.”可知，所有的照明都會(huì)浪費(fèi)電，因此，為了減少光污染，我們?cè)诓恍枰彰鞯臅r(shí)候就不應(yīng)該使用。故選B。 5．C　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句可知，光污染影響我們賴以生存的空氣，影響我們的生活質(zhì)量。故C項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第六段第二句中“Thousands of birds die each year…”可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)在文中沒(méi)有提到；根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 6．D　【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“It has been long known…towards the sea.

22、”可推知，小海龜在爬向海灘時(shí)，誤將人造光源當(dāng)成了自然光源，從而迷失了方向。由此可推知，一些動(dòng)物是靠自然光源來(lái)指引其方向的。故D項(xiàng)正確。 7．B　【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，接下來(lái)作者會(huì)列舉一些有助于減少光污染的方法。故選B。 C A terrible competition is going on in England, with billions of dollars and hundreds of lives at risk. OK, that's not true. But competitors from around the world gather on T

23、hursday for the annual competition to compete for the world's biggest liar(說(shuō)謊者)． Each participant is given up to five minutes to make up the best fib in the contest, which was founded in honor of 19th-century Bridge Inn landlord Will Ritson, who was reportedly famous for his lies. Competitors gathe

24、r at the Bridge Inn every year for the competition, a small pub in northwestern England. Anyone but lawyers and politicians can take part in the competition. A study finds that nearly all lies are detectable(可察覺(jué)的) through visible facial muscle reactions in the person telling a lie. “Thus, while int

25、erpersonal cheat often is highly successful, signs of hidden emotional states are communicated clearly to the informed observer，” the study concludes. A churchman of Carlisle reportedly holds what may be the greatest lie of all time in the competition, simply stating, “I have never told a lie in my

26、 life.” In 2003, Abrie Krueger from South Africa became the first one to win the competition. In 2006, comedian Sue Perkins became the first female to win the competition, telling a tale about people riding camels to work as a result of climate change. 8．Why does the author tell a lie at the begin

27、ning of the passage? A．He likes telling lies. B．He intends to talk about a contest. C．Lies can be detected by someone. D．Nearly everyone has told lies. 9．What does the underlined word “fib” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Experience. B.Story. C．Lie. D.Plot. 10．Who can't take part in the

28、competition? A．Lawyers & politicians. B．Reporters & editors. C．Doctors & teachers. D．Students & managers. 11．What's the author's main purpose of this passage? A．To explain how to deal with lies. B．To introduce a strange competition. C．To discuss how to avoid telling lies. D．To invite pe

29、ople to take part in the competition. [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　本篇為新聞報(bào)道，介紹了即將在英國(guó)進(jìn)行的說(shuō)謊大賽的情況以及往屆獲獎(jiǎng)選手的情況。 8．B　【解析】作者意圖題。由全文以及第一段中的“But competitors from around the world gather on Thursday for the annual competition to compete for the world's biggest liar(說(shuō)謊者)．”可知，作者的意圖是介紹一項(xiàng)比賽。 9．C　【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。由全文內(nèi)容可知這是一個(gè)說(shuō)謊大賽，因此選手要編一個(gè)謊言，故推斷畫(huà)線詞的意義為“謊言”。該題考生易誤選B項(xiàng)，故事有真有假，故B項(xiàng)不符合題意。 10．A　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一句“Anyone but lawyers and politicians can take part in the competition.”可知答案。 11．B　【解析】寫(xiě)作意圖題。第一段介紹主題，中間具體說(shuō)明，最后舉例說(shuō)明，故本文作者的寫(xiě)作目的是介紹一項(xiàng)特殊的比賽——說(shuō)謊大賽。 5