2020版高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 課時(shí)作業(yè)38 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版選修8

課 時(shí) 作 業(yè) .閱讀理解(2019·康杰中學(xué)高三調(diào)研)Food storing is common in members of the crow (烏鴉) family. A new study tested the birds outside this naturally occurring behaviour, which may have evolved (進(jìn)化) specifically because it gives crows a survival advantage. Some crow species are known to naturally use tools to recover food. So the researchers tested whether the birds could store and recover a tool so they could get it at their food after a gap of 17 hourssomething we wouldn't expect them to do naturally. But they were able to instantly select the tool out of a number of unnecessary items.In another experiment, the researchers taught crows to select a token (禮品券) from a number of items so that they could then exchange for food. Again, the birds then showed that they could plan for the future using this new behaviour. This is different from all of the previous studies in future planning, which have focused on naturally occurring behaviour. For example, we know that chimpanzees select, transport and save appropriate tools for future needs.These studies have shown that animals can plan for the futurebut they left an important question open for debate. Are animals only able to plan to use abilities that have evolved to give them a specific advantage, or can they flexibly and intelligently apply planning behaviour across various actions? Most critics would say the former, as the animals were tested in naturally occurring behaviours.But the new research provides the first evidence that animal species can plan for the future using behaviour that doesn't typically occur in nature. This supports the view that at least some cognitive abilities in animals don't evolve just in response to specific problems. Instead, it suggests that animals can apply these behaviours flexibly across problems in a similar way to humans. We need to investigate how flexible behaviour evolved. Then we might be able to see how crows' ability to plan for the future fits in with their broader cognitive powers.本文通過(guò)烏鴉，談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)動(dòng)物的進(jìn)化，但是目前還不清楚它們是怎樣進(jìn)化的。1What's the new finding about some crows according to Paragraph 1?AThey can store food.BThey can use tools to recover food.CThey can store and recover tools.DThey can select and store food.答案：C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Some crow species are known to naturally use tools to recover food.But they were able to instantly select the tool out of a number of unnecessary items.可知，對(duì)烏鴉的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是：他們可以存儲(chǔ)和恢復(fù)工具。故選C。2What are crows trained by scientists to do when given a token?AReject it casually. BExchange it for food.CSave it as their food. DBuild a nest with it.答案：B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句In another experiment, the researchers taught crows to select a token (禮品券) from a number of items so that they could then exchange for food.可知，訓(xùn)練烏鴉用獎(jiǎng)品券來(lái)交換食物。故選B。3What do scientists think of the studies that animals can plan for the future?AThey are controversial.BThey are disappointing.CThey are contradictory.DThey are convincing.答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句These studies have shown that animals can plan for the futurebut they left an important question open for debate.可知，科學(xué)家們關(guān)于動(dòng)物可以為未來(lái)做計(jì)劃的研究是有爭(zhēng)議的。故選A。4What can be inferred about cognitive abilities in animals?AThey develop only with age.BIt is unclear how they've evolved now.CNo animals but crows benefit from them.DPlanning for the future helps their evolution.答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中We need to investigate how flexible behaviour evolved.可知，還不清楚它們是怎樣進(jìn)化的。故選B。.七選五(2019·成都外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院高三檢測(cè))Choosing the right college for you is not so easy.You should have a general idea of what you want and don't want.The idea can guide you to find what fits your needs best. _1_Think about what major you want to study in college.If you know that，just look at colleges that have your major. _2_ So think carefully about your major and interests before choosing one.Where the college is located matters.Anyone who tells you the location isn't important is lying. _3_ If you look forward to working in the publishing industry，New York may be your best bet.If your parents want you to stay close to home，please don't consider anywhere that requires a plane ticket to get to.Think about how much you can afford.Are your parents，paying for your education? If so，how much are they willing to spend？Do you have to contribute anything? Financial aid and scholarship exist，but don't count on anything. _4_ These are all things to consider before you fall in love with a college.Make sure you're going to spend time with the right people.The cool thing about college is that each different one attracts different kinds of people.For the first thing in your life，you get to choose where you get to spend your time and who you get to spend it with. _5_ Make sure that the people you're with for four years are your kind of people.ACollege is about learning what you love.BYou'd better choose a major that is popular.CGo to the college with some people you like.DAre you willing to go into major debt over a school?ERemember，above all，it's the people that make the place.FIf you don't like cold weather，stay away from northern schools.GThese guidelines will help figure out what college you want to go to.文章列舉了幾項(xiàng)選大學(xué)必須考慮的因素，比如專(zhuān)業(yè)、學(xué)校位置、經(jīng)濟(jì)能力和交友等。1G解析：考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講選大學(xué)要知道自己想干什么和不想干什么，這些想法會(huì)指引你找到自己最需要的。G項(xiàng)“這些指引會(huì)幫助你判斷你想去什么大學(xué)”，與上句并列，故選G。2A解析：考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。選大學(xué)之前要先根據(jù)興趣考慮想學(xué)的專(zhuān)業(yè)，A項(xiàng)“大學(xué)就是學(xué)自己喜歡的東西”，符合本段內(nèi)容，與前后句意思一致。故選A。3F解析：考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講上大學(xué)其次考慮大學(xué)的地理位置，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“如果你不喜歡寒冷天氣就遠(yuǎn)離北方學(xué)?！?，和地理位置有關(guān)，符合本段內(nèi)容。故選F。4D解析：考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講上大學(xué)還要考慮自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力，本段列舉了幾個(gè)需要考慮的因素，D項(xiàng)與上面幾個(gè)問(wèn)題并列，符合本段內(nèi)容。故選D。5E解析：考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講大學(xué)交友的重要性，和什么樣的人交朋友很重要。E項(xiàng)“記住，畢竟這是一個(gè)由人組成的地方”，符合本段內(nèi)容。故選E。.語(yǔ)法填空(2019·安徽省合肥市高三調(diào)研性檢測(cè))Classical Chinese garden design aims to create a natural landscape on a small scale and emphasize the perfect harmony between man and nature.A Chinese garden _1_ (be) like a scroll(卷軸)painting, _2_ (show) a series of carefully composed scenes. New views are revealed as one walks along the pathways. In the gardens, _3_ most frequently meets the eye is winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere. There, a path seems to end, but all of _4_ sudden, a new world is rolled out before you: pavilions(亭子), rock formations, spring watersall combined to provide a pleasant surprise! At the _5_ (enter) to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall _6_ (use) to screen your view so as to later produce unimaginable delight when you turn around the wall. A Chinese garden may have windows on all _7_ (it) four walls. And it is _8_ (interest) that, through the windows, visitors may see different views at different angles, and thus the composition of the garden becomes enlarged.A Chinese garden is where culture is both created and enjoyed. All plants mark the shift of the _9_ (season). Similarly, water, a symbol of the ever­changing, _10_ rocks, a symbol of the eternal(永恒的), create a harmonious balance of nature's yin and yang.本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。中國(guó)古典園林設(shè)計(jì)的目的是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)小規(guī)模的自然景觀，強(qiáng)調(diào)人與自然的完美和諧。中國(guó)園林就像一幅卷軸畫(huà)，展示了一系列精心構(gòu)成的場(chǎng)景。中國(guó)園林是創(chuàng)造和享受文化的地方。植物隨著季節(jié)變化。一草一木皆讓你驚喜，水與巖石創(chuàng)造了自然界陰陽(yáng)和諧的平衡。1is解析：考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，本句中的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，且全文整體時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用is。2showing解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。句意：一個(gè)中國(guó)園林就像一卷畫(huà)，展示了一系列精心構(gòu)成的場(chǎng)景。分析句子A Chinese garden _1_ (be) like a scroll(卷軸)painting, _2_ (show) a series of carefully composed scenes.可知，本句中的show在句子中作定語(yǔ)，修飾主語(yǔ)painting, 二者是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用showing。3what解析：考查名詞從句。句意：在花園里，最常見(jiàn)到的是蜿蜒的小徑，似乎是無(wú)盡的。分析句子In the gardens, _3_ most frequently meets the eye is winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere.可知，句中主語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，缺少主語(yǔ)指物的要用what，故填what。4a解析：考查固定搭配。all of a sudden為固定搭配，意為“突然地”，故填a。5entrance/entry解析：考查名詞。分析句子可知，本句中的enter前有定冠詞the，在英語(yǔ)中the修飾的是名詞，故要用enter的名詞形式entrance/entry。6used解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。在一個(gè)中國(guó)花園的入口處，通常有一塊巨大的石頭或墻用來(lái)遮擋你的視線。分析句子可知，本句中的use是作stone or wall 的定語(yǔ)，本句中是用石頭和墻來(lái)遮擋視線的。因此二者是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填used。7its解析：考查代詞。句意：中國(guó)的花園可能在它所有的四個(gè)墻壁上都有窗戶(hù)。分析句子可知，本句是指墻自身有窗戶(hù)，故填its(它的)。8interesting解析：考查形容詞。句意：有趣的是，通過(guò)窗戶(hù)，游客可以在不同的角度看到不同的風(fēng)景。本句是常用句式It isadj.that從句，而interest是名詞，所以用其形容詞interesting。9seasons解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：所有的植物都標(biāo)志著季節(jié)的變化。而一年有四季，故季節(jié)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式seasons。10and解析：考查連詞。句意：同樣地，水是千變?nèi)f化的象征，巖石是永恒的象征，它們創(chuàng)造了自然界陰陽(yáng)的和諧。分析句子可知“水”和“巖石”二者是并列的主語(yǔ)，所以要填and。.短文改錯(cuò)(2019·寧夏銀川一中高三模擬)Wolf Warrior ， which opens across the country on July 27, 2017, was the biggest hit of the summer. My family went to see the film on last week. We arrived at the cinema ahead of time, finding it was crowded and people were talking about the film excited. I couldn't wait see my favorite star Wu Jing, whom plays a Chinese soldier in the film. It's a fun film combined lots of action and some humor with “feelings” for friend and families. We were all moved by the words at an end of the film. I will keep them in mind that my great motherland are always behind me.答案Wolf Warrior ， which across the country on July 27, 2017, was the biggest hit of the summer. My family went to see the film last week. We arrived at the cinema ahead of time, finding it was crowded and people were talking about the film . I couldn't wait see my favorite star Wu Jing, plays a Chinese soldier in the film. It's a fun film lots of action and some humor with “feelings” for and families. We were all moved by the words at end of the film. I will keep in mind that my great motherland always behind me.書(shū)面表達(dá)(2019·衡水一中高三檢測(cè))假定你是李華，你校將舉辦一個(gè)中國(guó)古代發(fā)明展覽，你想邀請(qǐng)你的英國(guó)朋友Peter一起參觀。請(qǐng)你給他寫(xiě)一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1展覽的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；2展覽的內(nèi)容(古代發(fā)明成就)。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dear Peter，I know you are interested in ancient Chinese culture. There is good news that an exhibition of ancient Chinese inventions will be held in our school next Monday. It will last for five days. We can visit it at any time during the exhibition.The show will display some great inventions in ancient China, including the world­famous Four Great Inventions: the compass, papermaking, gunpowder and printing. They had significant effects on the development of society. For example, thanks to papermaking and printing, a great deal of ancient information has been kept in books. These great ancient inventions made tremendous contributions to the world civilization.Looking forward to your reply!Yours，Li Hua6