中考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專題突破 專題十一 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 人教新目標(biāo)版

中考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專題突破 專題十一 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 人教新目標(biāo)版考綱要求1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查點(diǎn)年份題號(hào)選項(xiàng)設(shè)置分值一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)xx43treats/treated/is_treated/was treated1分201144celebrate/is_celebrated/celebrated/was celebrated1分一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)xx38moves/moved/is moved/was_moved1分xx39invites/is invited/was_invited/has invited1分一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)xx44will save/was saved/have saved/will_be_saved1分動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)為河北中考單項(xiàng)選擇題的必考點(diǎn)，且都與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合，主要表現(xiàn)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)。選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置均為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的兩種不同時(shí)態(tài)和不同語(yǔ)態(tài)。語(yǔ)境設(shè)置在近三年來(lái)很少出現(xiàn)明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提示，需要分析語(yǔ)境才能判斷出選項(xiàng)。語(yǔ)句多為單句形式，詞數(shù)多為913。預(yù)計(jì)xx年河北中考的單項(xiàng)選擇題必定會(huì)出現(xiàn)一道題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，并與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合。,河北中考重難點(diǎn)突破【考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】()1.Chinese _ by more and more people from all over the world today.AlearnBlearnedCis learned Dwas learned()2.(xx保定8中模擬)Today，puters are really helpful.They _ everywhere.Ause Bare usedCused Dwere used()3.(xx唐山54中模擬)Every year，more than 70，000，000 sharks _ for their fins(魚翅)Awere killed Bhave killedCare killed Dwill kill()4.The sport of basketball _ by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries.Aplay BplayedCis played Dhas played()5.When I called the bus service，I _ that there was no more bus.Awas telling Bwas toldChas told Dhad told()6.(xx保定17中模擬)A new club _ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.Astarts Bis startedChas started Dwas started()7.The first Earth Day _ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.Acelebrates BcelebratedCis celebrated Dwas celebrated()8.Alice _ some advice on how to improve her listening skills，and she gladly accepted Miss Green's.Agave Bwas givenCgives Dis given()9.The task _ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.Awas finished Bwill be finishedChas been finished Dcan't be finished()10.(xx唐山友誼中學(xué)模擬)I'm sure that stricter rules _ to control smoking very soon.Amade Bwill makeCwere made Dwill be made【滿分點(diǎn)撥】1動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的分類英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(1)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：Many people speak English there.那兒很多人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.漢語(yǔ)被很多人說(shuō)。(Chinese是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者)2被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(用done表示)”構(gòu)成。常見(jiàn)的4種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)如下：時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/aredoneThis kind of car is made in China.這種車是中國(guó)制造的。一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/weredoneThe flying disk was invented by college students.這種飛碟游戲是大學(xué)生們發(fā)明的。一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shallbedoneThe bridge will be finished in a month.這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€(gè)月內(nèi)竣工。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞bedoneTables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法(1)圖示(2)口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)(3)變換步驟：將主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。注意：如果主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：Tom killed himHe was killed by Tom.湯姆殺了他。將動(dòng)詞改為“be過(guò)去分詞”。注意：be動(dòng)詞與新主語(yǔ)相一致，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：They held a meeting yesterday.A meeting was_held by them yesterday.他們昨天開(kāi)會(huì)了 。將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為by放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。注意：如果原主語(yǔ)是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如He sang a song.A song was sung by_him他唱了一首歌?！痉椒ㄍ黄啤糠治龊颖苯?年考情發(fā)現(xiàn)，涉及語(yǔ)態(tài)的試題的選項(xiàng)中通常有兩個(gè)主動(dòng)和兩個(gè)被動(dòng)，并且有現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。學(xué)生在做題時(shí)，可從以下角度入手分析：判斷句子是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)讀懂句意，確定主語(yǔ)，判斷主語(yǔ)表示人還是物，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者。一般人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為人時(shí)，需根據(jù)句意及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判斷該動(dòng)作是否是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出：若為主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；若不是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。物作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由此可排除掉主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的選項(xiàng)。對(duì)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)說(shuō)，試題主要是讓大家找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者，這就要根據(jù)句子的意思進(jìn)行判斷，然后根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做出正確選擇。確定句子的時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用離不開(kāi)時(shí)態(tài)，所以應(yīng)根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、上下文的暗示或發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)分析判斷應(yīng)使用哪種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。再結(jié)合句意給出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或已發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)，選取對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。4常見(jiàn)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1)含有雙賓語(yǔ)(即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))的句子，多把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不變。如：Jack told us the truth.We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。(2)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些感官動(dòng)詞(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.sb. be heard(seen)to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那女孩在音樂(lè)教室彈鋼琴。(3)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些使役動(dòng)詞(如：make，let等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，同樣要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即：make sb.do sth.sb. be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。5不能使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的情況(1)連系動(dòng)詞，如：look，feel，smell等，以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來(lái)很香。(2)有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，如：need doing(需要做某事)，be worth doing(值得做某事)等。如：Your bedroom is in a terrible mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的臥室太亂了，需要馬上清理一下。(3)表示“發(fā)生”的happen或take place，無(wú)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The story happened on a cold night.故事發(fā)生在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚。,河北中考考點(diǎn)精練()1.(xx廣安中考)Mike，I looked for you everywhere last night.Oh，I _ to the party.Aam invitedBinvitedCinvite Dwas invited()2.(xx石家莊42中模擬)How clean your car is!Thank you.It _ very often.Ais washed BwashesCwas washed Dwashed()3.(xx臨沂中考)Teenagers should _ to take care of themselves from a young age.Aeducate Bbe educatingChave educated Dbe educated()4.(xx江西中考)You can't wear shoes inside this place.It _.Adoesn't allow Bisn't allowedChasn't allowed Dwasn't allowed()5.(xx資陽(yáng)中考)A new school _ last year in my hometown.Aset up Bsets upCis set up Dwas set up()6.(xx青島中考)We _ to start at once，or we will miss the train.Atell Bhave toldCare told Dtold()7.(xx煙臺(tái)中考)Everyone in our class _ to take part in the English Speech Contest.Ais encouraged BencouragesCare encouraging Dare encouraged()8.(xx蘭州中考)He has ordered a watch on line for his father and it _to him before Father's Day.Asend Bwill be sentCwas sent Dsent()9.(xx十堰中考)During the Spring Festival，paper cuttings_ on windows，doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year.Aare put Bwere putCputs Dputting()10.(xx廣東中考)Have you heard of the song Little Apple?Yes.It _every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs.Ais played BplaysCwas played Dplayed()11.(xx黔南中考)Every day，too much water_ in our school.We should save it.Ais wasted BwastesCwas wasted Dwasted()12.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Hurry up! Once the concert starts，nobody_ to enter the concert hall.Aallows BallowedCis allowed Dis allowing()13.(xx石家莊40中模擬)To my great surprise，the famous athlete's story _ differently in the newspapers.Awas reported BreportedCwas reporting Dreports()14.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))We're sure that the environ­ment in our city _ greatly through our work in the near future.Aimproved Bwas improvedChas improved Dwill be improved()15.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Last March，many trees _ along the streets to make our city more beautiful.Awere planted Bwere plantingChad planted Dplanted()16.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Your application won't _ until you plete the survey.Aaccept BreceiveCbe accepted Dbe received()17.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))The dictionary may _ for three weeks.Akeep Bbe keptCborrow Dbe borrowed()18.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))_ free breakfasts _ in all schools in China?No，not yet.Only in the rural areas.AAre，made BDo；serveCAre；served DDo；make()19.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))I want to know if an English petition _ next month.Awill hold Bwill be heldCholds Dis held()20.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Many students _ chances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big.Adon't give Baren't givenChaven't given Dwon't give