2022年高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語教案（14）

2022年高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語教案（14）1differ vi.不同；相異different adj.不同的difference n不同，差異4undertake vt.著手；從事；承擔(dān)undertook(過去式)undertaken(過去分詞) 6cast vt.扔；投；擲cast/cast(過去式/過去分詞)7object vi.反對(duì)；不贊成objection n不贊成；反對(duì)；異議objective adj.真實(shí)的；客觀的；無偏見的8obtain vt.獲得；贏得9attain vt.獲得；達(dá)到(水平、年齡、狀況等)10forbid vt.禁止；不準(zhǔn)forbade(過去式)forbidden (過去分詞)11accumulate vt.積累；聚積12owe vt.欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于13retire vi.退休；離開retirement n退休14bother vt.打擾 vi.操心 n煩擾15strike vi. & vt.打；撞擊；罷工struck/struck (過去式/過去分詞)17resist vt.抵抗；對(duì)抗resistance n抵抗；對(duì)抗resistant adj.20adore vt.崇拜；愛慕；喜愛1differ vi. 不同；相異different adj. 不同的；有區(qū)別的；相異的difference n. 不同；不同之處differ from. 不同于differ in. 在方面不同differ with/from sb. on/about sth.與某人關(guān)于意見不同be different from 與不同make a/some/no difference to sb./sth.對(duì)某人/某物有/有些/沒有影響或作用difference between A and BA和B之間的差別 即學(xué)即練1(1)Men are all alike in their promises. It is only in their deeds that they _.人在許諾時(shí)都一樣，不同之處在于他們的行動(dòng)。(2)I have to _ you _ that.在那一點(diǎn)上我不能同意你的看法。(3)The rain didnt _ the game.這場(chǎng)雨對(duì)比賽沒有多大影響。Differ/differ with on/make much difference to2undertake vt. 著手，從事，承擔(dān)；承諾，答應(yīng)undertaking n. 任務(wù)，事業(yè)；承諾，答應(yīng)undertake a task/project 承擔(dān)一個(gè)任務(wù)/項(xiàng)目undertake to do sth. 答應(yīng)做某事undertake for sth. 為負(fù)責(zé) 即學(xué)即練2(1)The pany has announced that it will _ a full investigation _ the accident.公司已宣布將對(duì)這次事故進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查。(2)He _ the job by Friday.他答應(yīng)星期五之前完成這項(xiàng)工作。(3)Ill _ your security. 我將保證你的安全。Undertake into/undertook to finish/undertake for3cast vt.&vi. (cast, cast) 投擲；投射；拋cast aside 拋棄，消除，廢除cast away 拋棄，丟掉，使(船)漂流，(船)失事cast behind 疏遠(yuǎn)；把拋在腦后cast down 使沮喪/不愉快cast off 丟棄cast ones eyes over 審視cast ones mind back to sth. 回顧，回想cast light on/uponthrow light upon 弄清楚 即學(xué)即練3(1)Dont be so _. Just keep up your spirits.不要這么沮喪，打起精神來！(2)As soon as they reached the fishing area, the fishermen _ their nets _ the sea.漁民們一到捕魚區(qū)就把漁網(wǎng)撒進(jìn)了大海。cast down/cast into (3)As soon as he became rich he _ all his old friends who gave him some help.他一富起來就拋棄了所有曾經(jīng)給過他幫助的老朋友。cast aside4object vi. 反對(duì)，不贊成n. 實(shí)物；目的；對(duì)象objection n. 反對(duì)；厭惡object to sb./sth. 反對(duì)，不贊成某人/某事object to doing sth. 反對(duì)做某事object to sb. doing sth. 反對(duì)某人做某事raise an objection to (doing) sth. 對(duì)提出異議have/make an objection to (doing) sth. 對(duì)表示反對(duì) 即學(xué)即練4(1)I _ the proposal. 我反對(duì)這個(gè)提議。(2)We _ like this.我們抗議這種待遇。(3)I feel _ getting up early.我極不愿意早起。object to/object to being treated/a strong objection to5obtain vt. 獲得，取得；買到；借到即學(xué)即練5(1)I havent been able to _ anywhere.我到處都沒買到那本書。(2)He failed to _.他沒有獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。obtain that book/obtain a scholarship (3)Details can be _ the Ministry of Education.可以從教育部獲知詳情。obtained from6forbid vt. (forbade/forbad, forbidden) 禁止；反對(duì)forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbid that. 禁止(從句中常用“should動(dòng)詞原形”)forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事 即學(xué)即練6(1)Our school _.我們學(xué)校不允許學(xué)生吸煙。(2)Smoking should _ public places.公共場(chǎng)所應(yīng)該禁止吸煙。forbids students to smoke/be forbidden in (3)His parents _.他的父母不準(zhǔn)他喝酒。forbid him wine提示：forbid 后不能直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語，而是跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語，也可用 forbid sb. to do sth. 形式，有類似用法的單詞還有 allow, permit, advise 等。7owe vt.欠(錢、物、債等)；應(yīng)當(dāng)給予(1)owe sb. sth.或owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物owe.to. 把歸功于owe it to sb. that.多虧某人幫忙(2)owing tobecause of“因?yàn)椋捎凇?，后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞做賓語，構(gòu)成介詞短語，表原因。 即學(xué)即練7(1)Dont forget you still _ 150 yuan to the wine shop.別忘了，你還欠酒店150元錢呢。(2)He _ his success to hard work and practice.他把他的成功歸功于努力工作和實(shí)踐。owe/owes (3)If I have improved in any way, I _ it all to my teacher.如果說我有一些進(jìn)步，這應(yīng)該全部歸功于我的老師。(4)You _ me an apology.你得向我道歉。(5)We should do the duty which we _ to our country.我們應(yīng)對(duì)國家盡我們應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。Owe/owe/owe (6)I _ it to you that I finished my work in time.多虧你幫忙，我才及時(shí)完成了工作。(7)_ to the rain, they could not e.由于下雨，他們不能來了。Owe/Owing8bother vt. 打擾vi. 操心n. 煩擾；令人煩惱的事或人bother with/about sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間或精力(做某事)bother sb. about/with sth. 使某人煩惱，不安It bothers sb. that./to do sth. 使某人苦惱的是bother to do/doing sth. 操心做某事 即學(xué)即練8(1)Don't _ Mary while she's reading.瑪麗讀書的時(shí)候不要打擾她。(2)I don't want to _ you _ my problems.我不想讓你因?yàn)槲业膯栴}而煩心。(3)Don't _ that trifling matter.別為那件小事煩惱。botherbotherwithbother about9strike vt. & vi.打，撞擊，沖擊，罷工，打動(dòng)，劃燃，侵襲，突然想起 n罷工，打擊be struck with(by)為所侵襲；為所觸動(dòng)(感動(dòng))It strikes me that.我覺得；我的印象是strike a match劃火柴strike on/upon打在上；撞到上be on strike舉行罷工go on strike實(shí)行罷工即學(xué)即練9(1)The workers _/_ because they wanted more money.工人們?cè)诹T工，因?yàn)樗麄円笤黾庸べY。(2)When the clock _， the strike started.當(dāng)鐘敲響了五點(diǎn)，罷工開始了。were striking /on strike/struck five (3)The match _ because of the moisture of the air.由于空氣潮濕，火柴劃不著。(4)_ none of them trusts each other.他們當(dāng)中沒有一個(gè)人信賴對(duì)方這使我震驚。wont strike/It strikes me that (5)Great damage has been caused by the tornado which _ the area last week.上周侵襲這一地區(qū)的龍卷風(fēng)造成了巨大的損失。struck10resist v. 忍??；頂住；抵御；反抗resistance n. 反抗resistant adj. 抵抗的；耐的resist sth. 抵制、阻擋某事resist doing sth. 反對(duì)做某事cant resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事be resistant to 對(duì)有抵抗力 即學(xué)即練10(1)The river banks could not _.河堤抵不住水壓。(2)A healthy diet should help your body _.健康飲食有助于身體抵抗感染。(3)I could hardly _.我忍不住笑了起來。resist the water pressure/resist infection/resist laughing11pay off 得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；還清pay money for sth. 付錢買pay for sth. 買pay back 還錢，報(bào)復(fù)pay out 付出大筆款項(xiàng)；放松pay up 付清欠款 即學(xué)即練11(1)They _ their debt after ten years.十年后他們還清了債務(wù)。(2)Two hundred workers have _.200名工人已被結(jié)清工資了。(3)They took a hell of a risk but it _.他們冒了很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但事情成功了。paid off/been paid off/paid off1.bother/disturb/trouble/annoy這組詞都表示“使人不得安寧”或“心煩意亂”。(1)bother指干擾別人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安寧，可能是故意的，含有使人討厭的意味。(2)disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一時(shí)得不到安寧，精力不能集中，語氣比bother弱。 (3)trouble常指在心情上失去平靜而感到憂慮、苦惱或行動(dòng)上帶來不便，也常用于禮貌的請(qǐng)求。(4)annoy通常指重復(fù)性的行為使(別人)生氣。常用被動(dòng)，表示為某事煩惱、生氣。 應(yīng)用1(1)I dont want to _ you _ my problems.我不想讓你因?yàn)槲业膯栴}而擔(dān)心。(2)Whats _ youmoney problems?什么事令你憂慮不安經(jīng)濟(jì)問題嗎？(3)These flies are _ me.這些蒼蠅一直在煩我。Bother with/troubling/annoying (4)They were charged with _ public peace.他們被指控?cái)_亂社會(huì)治安。disturbing2. obtain/earn/gain/get/win(1)obtain應(yīng)用范圍較廣，含有“如期地達(dá)到目的或得到所希望的東西”之意，多用于正式場(chǎng)合。(2)earn表示經(jīng)過艱苦努力而得到報(bào)酬，或得到了理應(yīng)享有的某種待遇，其賓語多為金錢、榮譽(yù)等。 (3)gain指通過斗爭(zhēng)、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或付出勞動(dòng)而獲得某種優(yōu)勢(shì)或達(dá)到某種目的。其賓語通常是經(jīng)驗(yàn)、優(yōu)勢(shì)、利益、好處等。(4)get最常用，可指主動(dòng)去“獲得，得到”，也可能是被迫“接受”，有時(shí)指不一定需要主動(dòng)性或付出很大努力就能得到。(5)win多指在競(jìng)賽中“獲得，贏得”，有時(shí)也用于指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中“獲得”勝利，賓語通常是比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等。 應(yīng)用2(1)She _ rich experience in teaching.她獲得了豐富的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(2)She _ a bad cold yesterday.她昨天得了重感冒。(3)They _ the basketball match.他們打贏了這場(chǎng)籃球賽。Gained/got/won (4)We wished to _ the firsthand information.我們希望得到第一手情報(bào)。(5)He _800 yuan of wages a month.他月薪八百元。(6)This custom still _in some districts.這種風(fēng)俗在某些地區(qū)仍然流行。Obtain/earns/obtains3. strike/hit/beat/knock這四個(gè)詞均有“打”的意思。(1)strike 通常表示“打一下、打若干下”，不一定都是有意的；還有“打動(dòng)，使著迷，某種想法突然閃現(xiàn)在腦海里”的含義；也可指“打、擦出(火)，(蛇、獸)抓、咬，(鐘)敲響”。 (2)hit 指“打中”“對(duì)準(zhǔn)來打”“敲打或打擊對(duì)方的某一點(diǎn)”，還可用來表示傳染病或自然災(zāi)害“襲擊”某一地區(qū)，而其他動(dòng)詞一般不這樣用。作“被想起”講時(shí)，與 strike 同義。(3)beat 側(cè)重“連續(xù)地打擊”，如毆打或體罰；也指在游戲、競(jìng)賽或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中擊敗對(duì)方；也指“心跳”。(4)knock 側(cè)重于“敲打，叩擊”，常用做不及物動(dòng)詞，通常與 at 連用。 應(yīng)用3用 hit, strike, beat, knock 的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)His heart _ violently.(2)In xx, H1N1 _ China.(3)I was _ by her youth and enthusiasm.(4)Please _ at the door before entering.Beats/hit/struck/knock (5)_ while the iron is hot.(6)Happily, we heard our team _ the Japanese team.(7)The stone _ him on the head.Strike/beat/hit