定語從句學(xué)案 (2)

定語從句講與練一、 定語的概念： 定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。 我們先試試用橫線劃出下面短語中的定語，再在后面的括號里注明是什么在作定語 a beautiful girl （ ） three boys （ ） a shoe factory （ ） Jims father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car （ ） the man standing at the door （ ） the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 二、定語從句的概念 1 定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。2 被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后。3 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞, 代替先行詞。 請劃出下列句子中的定語從句、先行詞及關(guān)系詞： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 定語從句的主要特征： （1） 關(guān)系詞要在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分； （2）what永遠不能引導(dǎo)定語從句； （3）翻譯時先譯從句，翻譯成“.的” 三、定語從句的基本用法： 定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞（6）關(guān)系副詞（3）（一） 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1who 指_，在定語從句中作_語，有時也作_語(可省略)。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系代詞:_在從句中作_語, who不能_。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系代詞:_在從句中作_語, who不能_。 Mr smith who you met yesterday is my friend. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系代詞:_在從句中作_語, who可以_。 You neednt talk to the people who you dont like talking to. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系代詞:_在從句中作_語, who可以_。 2whom 指_，在定語從句中做_語，?？墒÷?。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系代詞:_在從句中作_語, 可以_。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系代詞:_在從句中作_語, 可以_。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3. whose 通常指_，也可指_，在定語從句中做_語。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系代詞:_在從句中作_語, 相當(dāng)于_. I lost the book whose cover was blue. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系代詞:_在從句中作_語, 相當(dāng)于_. 注意： 常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 自己總結(jié)一下：在定語從句中，whose + 名詞 _ 4which 指_，在定語從句中做_語或_語，做_語時常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系代詞:_在從句中作_語, _省略。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系代詞:_在從句中作_語, _省略。 This is the pen which he bought yesterday. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系代詞:_在從句中作_語, _省略。 The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系代詞:_在從句中作_語, _省略。 5that 引導(dǎo)定語從句時，既可以指_，也可以指_。指人時，相當(dāng)于who 或whom；指物時，相 當(dāng)于which.。在定語從句中作_語或_語，作賓語時常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系代詞:_在從句中作_語, _省略。 Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系代詞:_在從句中作_語, _省略。 練習(xí)： The person that / / you introduced to me is very kind. The season that / comes after spring is summer. (二) 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1when 指時間，在定語從句中作_。?？梢杂胕n/on/at which代替。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系副詞:_在從句中作_語,相當(dāng)于_. The time when we got together finally arrived. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系副詞:_在從句中作_語,相當(dāng)于_. October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：1._ 2._ Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：1._ 2._ 2where 指地點，在定語從句中作_。?？捎胕n/on/at which代替。 Lanzhou is the city where I was born. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系副詞:_在從句中作_語,相當(dāng)于_. 把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：1._ 2._ The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系副詞:_在從句中作_語,相當(dāng)于_. 把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：1._ 2._注意：當(dāng)先行詞是stage, situation, occasion, point時，且又在從句中作狀語時，常用where來引導(dǎo)定語從句。 Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where you felt very embarrassed（尷尬）. He has reached a point where nobody can compare with him. 3. why 指原因，在定語從句中作_。常可用for which來代替。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系副詞:_在從句中作_語,相當(dāng)于_. 把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：1._ 2._ The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 分析：先行詞:_; 關(guān)系副詞:_在從句中作_語,相當(dāng)于_. 把這個句子改成兩個簡單句：1._ 2._ 總結(jié)：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)常可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如： I will never forget the moment when (=_) the blind students moved us. Great changes are taking place in the city where (=_) they live. The reason why (=_) he refused the invitation is quite clear. 四、 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句 限制性定語從句舉例： The teacher told me Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history. 非限制性定語從句舉例 ： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 注意1：在非限制性定語從句中，有時which所指代的先行詞是前面的整個句子。 Xiao Li came to see me off, which was very kind of her. He didnt pass the exam, which surprised us. 注意2：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞不可用that， 指人時用who(主語),whom(賓語且不省)，指物時須用which.注意3：as 與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別 The earth is round, which is known to everyone. 譯：_ The earth is round, as is known to everyone. 譯：_總結(jié)：1. 意義不同_ 2. Which引導(dǎo)的非限定從句只能放在主句后，而as引導(dǎo)的非限定從句_五 定語從句考查重點： （一）先行詞是物時，定語從句在下列情況下只能用that，而不能用which。 Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. All that can be done has been done. There is little that I can do for you. He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 總結(jié)：1. 當(dāng)先行詞是_詞everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little, some,much等代詞時，或當(dāng)先行詞被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代詞修飾時。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 總結(jié)：2. 當(dāng)先行詞被_修飾時。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 總結(jié)：3. 當(dāng)先行詞被the same, the last_修飾時。 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 總結(jié)：4. 當(dāng)先行詞既有_又有_時。 Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 口訣記憶法：_ ,_. 總結(jié)：在who,或which引導(dǎo)的_問中。 思考：什么時候只能which 而不能用that呢？ 1.在_中 2.在_之后。 （二）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. The school _ he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. This is the boy_I played tennis yesterday. Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about. Well go to hear the famous singer _we have often talked. The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. The manager _ I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.注意： 含有介詞的固定短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。 如：look for, look after, take care of, give up等。 This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking . (誤) The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. ( ) The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （ ） 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，指人時只可用whom；指物時只可用which. The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (誤) The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. ( ) The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. ( ) 有時介詞前有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等詞。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. （四） 當(dāng)先行詞被one of 和the only one of修飾時的區(qū)別 He is one of the students who _ never late. 譯：_ He is the only one of the students who _ never late. 譯：_ （五） 當(dāng)先行詞是when, where, why時的正確使用。 I will never forget the days _ we climbed the mountain together. I will never forget the days _ we spent together. We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live. We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live in. This is the reason _ _ he was unhappy. This is the reason _ he explained to me. （六） 當(dāng)先行詞被such, the same 修飾時，關(guān)系詞常用as。 Ive never heard such stories as he tells. 我從未聽過象他講的這樣的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那樣傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 這部詞典跟我上星期丟失的一樣。 注意區(qū)別： She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過的同一條連衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿著跟她妹妹所穿的一樣的連衣裙。 （七） 當(dāng)先行詞為the way時，通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，也可省略。 The way _he answered the questions was surprising. I dont like the way_ you laugh at her. 提升練習(xí)：1.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water.AwhichBWho Cwhere Dwhat2It is the third time that she has won the race,_ has surprised us all.AThat BWhere Cwhich Dwhat3. The prize will go to the writer_ story shows the most imagination. AThat BWhich Cwhose Dwhat4. By 16：30,_ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.AWhich BWhen Cwhat Dthat5. We live in an age_ more information is available to everyone.AWhy BWhen Cto whom Don which6. Sales director is a position_ communication ability is just as important as sales.AWhich BThat Cwhen Dwhere7(2012·山東高考)Maria has written two novels, both of_ have been made into television series. AThem BThat Cwhich Dwhat8(2012·四川高考)In our class there are 46 students,_ half wear glasses.Ain whom Bin them Cof whom Dof them9. (2012·天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_ help I would never have got this far.AWho BWhose Cwhom Dwhich10The employment of college students，_is clearly shown in the study, has improved over the past two years.AThis Bit Cas Dwhat11.The film Jane Eyre，_ Jane was a strong character, was adapted from the novel of the same title.AWhere BWhich Cwho Das12.We choose this country and want to work here.So we have to deal with any situation_we meet in the country.AWho BThat Cwhere Dif13. There was a tree in front of the house，_ owner was seen sitting under it.AWhere BWhose Cwhich Dthat14. The old lady, all of_children had been killed in the earthquake, was given help by the local government.AHer BWhom Cwhose Dwhich15.I like my English teacher because he can always create an atmosphere_ all the students feel relaxed.AThat BWhen Cwhere Dwhich