2022高考英語 詞匯考查+題型練 Unit 1 A land of diversity（含解析）新人教版選修8

2022高考英語 詞匯考查+題型練 Unit 1 A land of diversity（含解析）新人教版選修8 一、詞匯復習（一）單句語法填空1(2015·北京，25改編)He is a shy man，_he is not afraid of anything or anyone. 答案：butbut用來連接并列但語義對比的兩個句子。句意：他是個靦腆的人，但他并不怕任何事或任何人。2(2015·北京，32改編)_the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. 答案：Onceonce“一旦”。句意：一旦造成損害，土地要好多年才能恢復。3(2015·天津，12改編)We need to get to the root of the problem_we can solve it. 答案：before本題考查狀語從句的連詞。before表示“主句發(fā)生在從句之前”。句意：在我們解決問題之前，我們需要找到問題的根源。4(2015·湖南，33改編)_the job takes a significant amount of time，most students agree that the experience is worth it. 答案：Although/Thoughalthough/though“雖然”(表示“雖然”時，不在后面使用連詞but，不過有時它可與yet，still，nevertheless等副詞連用)。句意：雖然那個工作要花大量的時間，但是大多數(shù)學生都覺得這次經(jīng)歷是值得的。5(2015·湖南，35改編)That's why I help brighten people's days.If you_，who's to say that another person will？ 答案：don't考查if引導的條件狀語從句。在if引導的條件狀語從句中，如果從句談論的是一個有可能發(fā)生的事實及其產(chǎn)生的相關的結果，主句用一般將來時態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。此句中的who's to say that another person will用的是將來時，故if引導的條件狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。句意：這就是為什么我要使人們的日子變得鮮活起來。如果你不這樣做，你說誰會這樣做？（二）英漢互譯1. California_2. Californian_3. illustrate vt. _4. distinct adj. _5. distinction n. _6. immigrant n._7. live on _8. strait n. _9. Bering _10. Arctic adj. _11. the Arctic _12. means n. _13. by means of _14. prehistoric adj. _15. majority n. _16. ministry n. _17. Catholic adj. n. _18. Alaska n. _19. San Francisco n. _20. adventurer n. _ 21. make a life _22. despite prep. _23. hardship n. _24. elect vt. _25. federal adj. _26. rail n. _27. percentage n. _28. Los Angeles n. _29. Italy n. _30. Italian n. adj. _31. Denmark n. _32. keep up _33. Hollywood n. _34. boom n. vi. _35. aircraft n. _36. Cambodian n. _37. Korea n. _38. Korean n. adj. _39. Pakistan n. _40. Pakistani adj. n. _41. immigrate vi. _42. immigration n. _43. racial adj. _44. crossing n. _45. vice n. & adj. _46. nephew n. _47. pole n. _48. applicant n. _49. customs n. _50. socialist n. adj. _51. socialism n. _52. occur vi. _53. cattle n. _54. Hispanic n. _55. indicate vt. _56. back to back _57. luggage n. （<美>baggage）_58. shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) _59. cable n. _60. cable car _61. Andrew Hallidie _62. tram n. _63. apparent adj. _64. apparently adv. _65. brake n. Vi. & vt. _66. conductor n. _67. slip vi. n. _68. wharf n. _69. bakery n. _70. ferry n. vt. _71. Angel Island _72. team up with _73. hire vt. & n. _74. fascinating adj. _75. mark out _76. seagull n. _77. take in _78. angle n. _79. a great/good many _80. apply for _81. nowhere adv. _82. miserable adj. _83. punishment n. _84. justice n. _85. mourn vt. & vi. _86. civil adj. _87. authority n. _88. reform vt. & vi. n. _89. grasp vt. & n. _90. thoughtful adj. _91. thankful adj. _92. insert vt. _二、閱讀理解AIt has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight.A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain. The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight.Boston Universitys Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物學機制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers.The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight.For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases ones risk of being obese. Whats more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a pound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.1.The passage is mainly for those_.A. who produce wineB. who have a drinking habitC. who go on a dietD. who are eager to lose weight2.The underlined phrase in moderation in the first paragraph means _.A. excitedlyB. carefullyC. frequentlyD. properly3.What can we learn from the passage?A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight.B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of being fat.C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect.D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear.4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. How to do some easy experiments.B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine.C. How to prove the finding mentioned above.D. How to make wine in a healthy way.【文章大意】文章講述了飲酒和健康的關系，告訴我們適量葡萄酒還會減肥。1.B【解析】推理判斷題。文章講述了飲酒和健康的關系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的關系。所以說是寫給有喝酒習慣的人的，故選B。2.D【解析】猜測詞義題。與上句形成對比，此處指適量飲酒的人事實上能減肥，moderation適度與D項同義，故選D。4.C【解析】推理判斷題。文章最后講到葡萄酒和紅酒混合會破壞肥胖細胞，所以下文會證明這一觀點，故選C。BThe old Chinese saying “as happy as spending the New Year” might be outdated now in the busy modern world. The Spring Festival is regarded as the most important festival for Chinese people and an occasion for all family members to get together, like Christmas in the West. But many traditional customs acpanying the Spring Festival, however, have weakened in practice.Setting off fireworks was once the most typical custom of the Spring Festival. People thought the sputtering(爆裂) sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, the activity has been pletely or partially forbidden in big cities for years as the government has taken security, noise and pollution factors into consideration.“In recent years, some cities have begun to allow people to light fireworks during limited hours at the Spring Festival, surrendering to(屈從于) public demand. Respecting folk traditions is a gesture of respect toward public opinion，” said Zhou Xing, a folklore(民俗) researcher.“As people gain more ine and it bees easier to buy daily goods, the New Year holiday is just like any other. After long workdays, many people use the New Year holiday to take a rest, rather than visiting friends and neighbors. The process of making and enjoying the family dinner on Spring Festival Eve is the most important thing. However, many families would like to eat out to save time and energy，” said Li Shunzhi, a resident of Harbin, Heilongjiang.“I enjoy the holidays very much in the countryside. My family has been preparing for the Spring Festival more than two weeks before the holiday, cleaning the house, buying holiday goods and decorating the house with paper cuttings. On New Years Eve, the whole family stays up to see the New Year in, and in the days to follow, a series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held. Without the ancient traditions, the holiday is nothing to us，” said Zhang Hui, from Hebei.【解題導語】本文主要介紹了中國春節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)習俗在逐漸消失的現(xiàn)象以及人們的不同觀點。1Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?ASetting off fireworks has been forbidden in some big cities for years.BNowadays, people can light fireworks in some cities at the Spring Festival.CPeople believe that the sound of fireworks can drive away evil spirits.DIn the past, setting off fireworks couldnt be seen almost anywhere.D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句可知，過去放鞭炮是過春節(jié)最典型的傳統(tǒng)習俗，應該到處可見，故選D。2What Li Shunzhi said implies Awhat people do during the festival now is different from the pastBpeople would like to have the family dinner on Spring Festival EveCpeople prefer to visit friends and neighbors rather than take a restDthe New Year holiday is just like any other dayA解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，哈爾濱的一位居民所說的這段話是在感慨今昔過年的差異，故選A。3What can we learn from the last paragraph?AZhang Hui often spends two weeks preparing for the Spring Festival.BZhang Hui is used to spending the Spring Festival with his family.CZhang Hui always takes part in a series of activities after the Spring Festival.DZhang Hui lives in the urban area.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“I enjoy the holidays very much in the countryside.”和“Without the ancient traditions, the holiday is nothing to us”以及本段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，張輝習慣和家人一起過春節(jié)，故選B。4What does the whole passage show?AThe Spring Festival is as lively as before.BThe Spring Festival is outdated now.CThe Spring Festival is losing its qualities.DThe Spring Festival in China is more important than Christmas in the West.C解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句并結合全文的整體內(nèi)容可推知，本文主要講述了中國春節(jié)逐漸失去年味這一現(xiàn)象，故選C。三、七選五Learning another language is an exciting trip into a new world, and it can take some time and effort to get there. Luckily, there are a few easy ways to make your adventure go a lot more smoothly.Learn a little every day.One of the keys to learning another language is practicing a little bit every day. 1 Studying for long periods can wear you out and limit your focus. Starting with small but regular sessions is the best way to keep your grammar and vocabulary fresh in your mind.Practice out loud. 2 Pronunciation is the key to learning another language and to making yourself understood by native speakers. Read sentences aloud from books or magazines in the language you re studying, or just read over your grammar exercises while youre practicing. Youll start to get used to the way the new words sound and feel.Close the books.From films to international websites, there are dozens of ways to encounter(遇到)other languages in the real world. 3 Listen to international radio stations many of them are streaming over the Internet or look up the websites of newspapers in the language youre studying. You can keep learning another language while surfing the web or having a movie night with your friends! 4 Learning another language takes determination and perseverance, so keep practicing! Remember to review the basics as well as new vocabulary and grammar, since everything you learn will build on the foundation you start with.Luckily, you have a great reason to keep up the hard work. 5 A. Be optimistic.B. Keep it up.C. Eventually, theyll just e naturally.D. Remember to explore some of them when youre learning another language.E. Learning another language can broaden your horizons and introduce you to new people and parts of the world.F. Get a feel for the language by saying words and phrases out loud while you practice.G. Reserve an hour to practice each day and stick to your schedule【語篇解讀】本文介紹了學好另一種語言的幾種方法。1.G 根據(jù)前一句One of the keys to learning another language is practicing a little bit every day.可知學習語言的關鍵是要每天練習，因此每天要復習一小時，并且堅持你的計劃。故選G。3.D 根據(jù)句子there are dozens of ways to encounter(遇到)other languages in the real world.可知有多種方法可以在真實場景下遇到其他語種，那么下一句應該是說我們要學會探索出一些場景。故選D。4.B 根據(jù)下面的句子Learning another language takes determination and perseverance, so keep practicing!可知小標題應該是堅持，由此判斷選B。5.E 根據(jù)前面的句子Luckily, you have a great reason to keep up the hard work.(幸運的是你有一個很好的理由來堅持這個艱難的工作。)可知下面要講到原因，即這樣做的好處/優(yōu)點：開擴視野，幫你看到一個嶄新的世界，由此判斷選E。