2020版高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語(yǔ)法填空與短文改錯(cuò) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法精析 第二節(jié) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞學(xué)案 新人教版

第二節(jié)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考向分析熱考點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法填空主要考查作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)及定語(yǔ)；非謂語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)一般不直接考查，而是結(jié)合主謂一致考查。短文改錯(cuò)考查基本用法：介詞后用v.­ing；todo作賓補(bǔ)；v.­ing作狀語(yǔ)；形容詞化的v.­ing和v.­ed的區(qū)別。新考向2019高考全國(guó)卷加強(qiáng)了對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)的考查。題型一關(guān)于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法填空1Scientistshaverespondedby(note) thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集) aroundhumansettlements.(2019·全國(guó))答案noting解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞by后應(yīng)用v.­ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，故填noting。2A90­year­oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for(be) Britainsoldestfull­timeemployeestillworking40hoursaweek.(2019·全國(guó))答案being解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞for后應(yīng)用v.­ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，故填being。3Butsomestudentsdidntwant(wear) theuniform.(2019·浙江)答案towear解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。want后加不定式作賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成wanttodosth.“想要做某事”。故填towear。4Istillremember(visit) afriendwhodlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadntcookedonceinallthattime.(2018·浙江)答案visiting解析考查動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事。5Youmaydrink，smoke，beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die) earlybyrunning.(2018·全國(guó))答案dying解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞of后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用其動(dòng)名詞形式，故填dying。6Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoid(look) directlyintohiseyessohedoesntfeelchallenged.(2018·全國(guó))答案looking解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。avoid后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。avoiddoingsth.避免做某事。7Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt；by(eat) morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017·全國(guó))答案eating解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。表示方式的介詞by后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填eating。8Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，(lay) thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2017·全國(guó))答案laying解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。included后的dig，lay，build是三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作，根據(jù)digging及building可知，lay也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。9ButSarah，whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wants(prove) thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·全國(guó))答案toprove解析考查固定搭配。wanttodosth.想要做某事，為固定搭配。1介詞后跟v.­ing構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)：by/of/from/with/without/after等。2需加v.­ing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(詞組)：avoid，enjoy，finish，admit，consider，escape，advise，suggest，mind，include，keep，recommend，practice，imagine，dreamof，setabout等。3to為介詞的短語(yǔ)：be/get/becomeusedtodoing習(xí)慣于beaccustomedtodoing習(xí)慣于beaddictedtodoing沉溺于；對(duì)上癮beopposedtodoing反對(duì)objecttodoing反對(duì)devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于；專心于bedevotedto致力于；忠誠(chéng)于beadmittedto被錄??；準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入leadtodoing導(dǎo)致contributetodoing貢獻(xiàn)；導(dǎo)致；促進(jìn)lookforwardtodoingsth.期待做某事sticktodoingsth.堅(jiān)持做某事beequaltosth.勝任做某事haveaccessto有接近(某物的)方法attachgreatimportancetodoingsth.重視做某事getdowntodoingsth.開(kāi)始做某事thekey/approach to doing sth.做某事的關(guān)鍵/方法whenitcomesto當(dāng)談到4需加todo作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：agree，afford，attempt，choose，decide，determine，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，pretend，plan，promise，refuse，want，wish，wouldlike等。接todo與v.­ing含義有區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞：trytodosth.盡力做某事/trydoingsth.試著去做某事meantodosth.打算去做某事/meandoingsth.意味著做某事regrettodosth.遺憾要去做某事/regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事remembertodosth.記得要去做某事/rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事/forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)了某事stoptodosth.停下去做別的事/stopdoingsth.停下正在做的事goontodosth.接著做另外的事/goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做原來(lái)的事canthelpdoingsth.禁不住/忍不住做某事/canthelptodosth.不能幫助做某事/havenochoicebuttodosth.別無(wú)選擇只能做某事1Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans(retire) fromher36­year­oldbusiness.(2019·全國(guó))答案toretire解析考查不定式作定語(yǔ)。此處用todosth.作后置定語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾前面的名詞plan，表示“的計(jì)劃”，故填toretire。2Whenwegotacall(say) shewasshort­listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.(2019·全國(guó))答案saying解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞say與其邏輯主語(yǔ)acall之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填saying。3Onthelastdayofourweek­longstay，wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，(listen) tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.(2019·全國(guó))答案listening解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“wereinvited”，所以listen應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。we與listento之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。也可由and前后連接兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)這一規(guī)律解題，and后的meetinginterestinglocals為分詞形式，故空格處填listening。4Nervously(face) challenges，IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”(2019·北京)答案facing解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)I，主語(yǔ)I與動(dòng)詞face之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。5EarthDay，(mark) on22April，isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.(2019·北京)答案marked解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：地球日即4月22日，是一項(xiàng)旨在提高公眾環(huán)保意識(shí)的年度活動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞mark與EarthDay之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。6(enjoy) theconvenienceofdigitalpayment，manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.(2019·江蘇)答案Toenjoy解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：為了享受電子支付的方便，很多老年市民開(kāi)始使用智能手機(jī)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里表示目的，故用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故選A。7Chinasimageisimprovingsteadily，withmorecountries(recognize) itsroleininternationalaffairs.(2019·江蘇)答案recognizing解析考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子可知，此處是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)詞recognize與其邏輯主語(yǔ)countries之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。8Chinasapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile(feed) itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide，”saysthebanksJuergenVoegele.(2018·全國(guó))答案feeding解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之現(xiàn)在分詞。China與feed是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用“連詞現(xiàn)在分詞”形式作狀語(yǔ)。9Oncehismessagewasdelivered，heallowedme(stay) andwatch.(2018·全國(guó))答案tostay解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)詞不定式。allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事，為固定搭配。10Ordinarysoap，(use) correctly，candealwithbacteriaeffectively.(2018·北京)答案used解析因?yàn)榫渥又幸延兄^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故此處要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。句子的主語(yǔ)與use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞，即過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，usedcorrectly相當(dāng)于ifitisusedcorrectly這個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式。句意為：普通的肥皂，如果使用得當(dāng)，可以有效地清除細(xì)菌。11IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph(take)(2018·天津)答案taken解析句意為：我需要一個(gè)新護(hù)照，因此我得去讓人給我照相。本題考查havesth.done結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“讓別人做某事，讓被做”。myphotograph與take之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故需用take的過(guò)去分詞形式。12Theyarerequired(process) thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(2017·全國(guó))答案toprocess解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)詞不定式。requiresth.todosth.需要某物做某事，此處用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，所以填動(dòng)詞不定式toprocess作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和其邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成一定的關(guān)系：v.­ing表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行；v.­ed表示被動(dòng)、完成，todo表將來(lái)。非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)是所修飾的名詞。非謂語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)往往是句子的主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)。2提分小訣竅：結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)av.­ing表示自然而然的結(jié)果。btodo表出乎意料的結(jié)果，往往構(gòu)成onlytodo結(jié)構(gòu)。todo作目的狀語(yǔ)往往不和主句用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；v.­ing作伴隨、時(shí)間、條件或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，往往用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。todo作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事permitsb.todosth.允許某人做某事persuadesb.todosth.說(shuō)服某人做某事tellsb.todosth.告訴某人做某事感官使役動(dòng)詞感官使役動(dòng)詞5看lookatsb.do(省略to的不定式)sb.doing sth.doneseewatchnoticeobserve3使makelethave2聽(tīng)hearlistento1感feel特殊4findsb.doingsth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事sth.done發(fā)現(xiàn)某事被做catchsb.doingsth.當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住某人做某事keepsb./sth.doingsth.讓某人/某物持續(xù)做某事oneselfdone讓某人自己leavesb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事sth.undone留下某事未做1getsth.donehavesth.done使由別人去做sb.doingsth.使某人開(kāi)始做某事sb.todosth.havesb.dosth.使某人做某事todo作定語(yǔ)thefirst，second(序數(shù)詞)，next，only或者形容詞最高級(jí)，需要用todo作定語(yǔ)。有些名詞后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，即：promise，plan，attempt，offer，decision，ability，chance，way，aim，goal，ambition，purpose，willingness等。with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with賓語(yǔ)doing(表示主動(dòng)且進(jìn)行)with賓語(yǔ)done(表示被動(dòng)且完成)with賓語(yǔ)todo(表示將來(lái))1Onourwaytothehouse，itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldnthelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake(get) there.(2019·全國(guó))答案toget解析考查動(dòng)詞不定式。此處是句式“Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.”表示“某人花費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事”，其中it為形式主語(yǔ)，todo不定式為真正的主語(yǔ)。故填toget。2(learn) tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltodayschildrenwillneedforthefuture.(2019·天津)答案Learning解析考查動(dòng)名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is，is之前的內(nèi)容是主語(yǔ)，故此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。3Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesntfeel(challenge)(2018·全國(guó))答案challenged解析考查形容詞化的v.­ed。連系動(dòng)詞feel后要接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。challengedadj.受到挑戰(zhàn)的；challengingadj.困難的，富有挑戰(zhàn)性的。由語(yǔ)境可知，填challenged。4Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto(become) commonformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears，itsnotwithoutacost.(2018·浙江)答案havebecome解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)inrecentyears可知，此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，說(shuō)明造成的結(jié)果或影響，即havebecome。5(travel) alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.(2018·北京)答案Traveling解析考查動(dòng)名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is，is之前的內(nèi)容是主語(yǔ)，故此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。6Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor(annoy) withpeopleoverunimportantthings？(2016·上海)答案annoyed解析考查形容詞化的v.­ed。形容詞annoyed表示“惱怒的，煩惱的”，該詞是由過(guò)去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的形容詞，通常修飾人。本句中該詞和impatient一起與系動(dòng)詞get構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。1非謂語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，然后確定是否是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)。v.­ing表一般習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；to do表具體的動(dòng)作。2系動(dòng)詞(4個(gè)) seem，appear，prove，turnout和抽象名詞(5個(gè)) aim，goal，ambition，purpose，wish后用不定式作表語(yǔ)。3設(shè)空前為系動(dòng)詞，含be，get，go，feel，grow，become，seem，后面非謂語(yǔ)的形式根據(jù)含義選擇v.­ing或者v.­ed。4形容詞化的v.­ing，表示名詞的屬性，表“令人的”人或物；形容詞化的v.­ed，表示名詞的心理狀態(tài)。翻譯成：“感到的”；一般修飾voice，look，expression時(shí)，其前往往用v.­ed形式，表示內(nèi)心的感受。1Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid­1980s，andareexpensive(perform) consistentlyoveralargearea.(2019·全國(guó))答案toperform解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句含有“主語(yǔ)beadj.不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)通常是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。故填toperform。2Ididntmean(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldnthelp(try) it.(2018·天津)答案toeat；trying解析句意為：我沒(méi)打算吃東西，但這冰激凌看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住嘗了下。meantodosth.打算做某事；meandoingsth.意味著做某事；canthelpdoingsth.禁不住/忍不住做某事；canthelp (to) dosth.不能幫助做某事。3Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16­year­oldSarahisnotspendinghalf­term (rest)(2017·全國(guó))答案resting解析考查固定搭配。spendtime (in) doingsth.“花時(shí)間做某事”為固定搭配。4Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice，youllbelesslikely _(bring) yourworkhome.(2016·全國(guó))答案tobring解析考查不定式的用法。belikelytodosth.很可能做某事。5Ittookyearsofwork(reduce) theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.(2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó))答案toreduce解析此處為固定句式“Ittakes (sb.) sometimetodosth.”這個(gè)句式里it是形式主語(yǔ)，不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)。1todoenoughtodosth.足夠()去做某事belikelytodosth.很可能做某事too.to.太而不能beusedtodosth.被用來(lái)做某事bedesignedtodosth.被設(shè)計(jì)用來(lái)做某事beintendedtodosth.打算做某事tendto傾向于betoblame應(yīng)受責(zé)備(無(wú)被動(dòng))aimtodosth.旨在做某事beeagertodosth.渴望做某事thefirst/last(序數(shù)詞) to do sth.第一個(gè)/最后一個(gè)做某事的人theaim/ability/chance/opportunity/plan/promise/purpose/ambition/goal/target to do sth.做某事的目的/能力/機(jī)會(huì)/計(jì)劃/承諾/目的/雄心/目標(biāo)cant/canhardlywaittodosth.迫不及待做某事Thereisnoneedtodosth.沒(méi)有必要做某事。Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人花多少時(shí)間做某事。sb./sth.be said/besupposed/believed/bethought/known/reportedtodo/to be done/tohavedone據(jù)說(shuō)/認(rèn)為/報(bào)道某人/某物itremainstobeseen.尚待分曉；拭目以待2v.­ingbe (well) worthdoingsth.值得做某事canthelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事havefundoingsth.做某事很開(kāi)心feellikedoingsth.想做某事getusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事Itsnouse/good/pleasure (in) doingsth.做某事沒(méi)有用處/好處/樂(lè)趣havedifficulty/trouble (in) doingsth.做某事有困難haveadifficult/hardtime (in) doingsth.做某事有困難bebusy (in) doingsth.忙于做某事spendmoney/time (in) doingsth.花費(fèi)金錢或時(shí)間做某事prevent/stop.(from) doingsth.阻止做某事aimatdoingsth.旨在做某事succeed (in) doingsth.成功地做成了某事Thereisnosense/point (in) doingsth.做某事沒(méi)有意義。主語(yǔ)beadj.todo句型適用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。題型二關(guān)于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的短文改錯(cuò)1Allthefootballplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly，saythatIhadatalentforfootball.(2019·全國(guó))答案saysaying解析考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句中的say與其邏輯主語(yǔ)Allthefootballplayers之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且其表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨狀況。故將say改為saying。2Everyonewassilent，waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisorherparagraphaloud.(2018·全國(guó))答案waitwaiting解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Everyonewassilent句子主系表結(jié)構(gòu)完整，沒(méi)有并列連詞和從句引導(dǎo)詞，所以wait應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)形式。Everyone和wait之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用waiting作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。3Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó))答案HaveHaving解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！癏aveteainthelateafternoon”是本句話的主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞原形不可以作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)將“Have”改成“Having”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判定：首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，若句子已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且不是并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞必定用作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞確定是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和它的邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系來(lái)判斷是用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過(guò)去分詞或不定式。1Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchas“TangDynasty”(2019·全國(guó))答案have前加to解析考查固定搭配。wantsb./sth.to do sth.“想要某人/某物做某事”。故在have前加to。2No matter how many times I asked to watching them，my parents would not let me. (2018·全國(guó))答案watchingwatch解析考查固定搭配。asktodosth.要求做某事。3Someofuswereconfidentandeagertakepartintheclassactivity；otherswerenervousandanxious.(2018·全國(guó))答案eager后加to解析考查固定搭配。(be) eagertodosth.渴望做某事，為固定搭配。1help (to) do, to可省2感官和使役動(dòng)詞：5看lookat, see，watch, notice，observe3使make，let, have2聽(tīng)hear，listento1感feel注意：后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)，省略to；但是變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)的時(shí)候，需要補(bǔ)上to。3常考點(diǎn)：asksb.todosth.，invitesb.todosth.，beeagertodosth., promisetodosth.，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(not)動(dòng)詞原形(不能有to)1IfIsucceedinmanageone，Iwillopenmore.(2019·全國(guó))答案managemanaging解析考查固定搭配。succeed (in) doingsth.成功做成某事。故把manage改為managing。2Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish. (2018·全國(guó))答案sellselling解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。by是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故把sell改為selling。3Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.(2016·全國(guó))答案taketaking解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處為between.and.結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)前面的stayingathome可知，此處也要用動(dòng)名詞形式，與前面保持一致。介詞后v.­ing：by/of/from/with/without/after等。1Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.(2019·全國(guó))答案interestinginterested解析考查形容詞化的分詞。句意為：多虧一個(gè)偶然的事件，我對(duì)踢足球產(chǎn)生了興趣。interesting“有趣的，吸引人的”，通常描述事物；interested“感興趣的”，通常描述人的感受。本句主語(yǔ)是人，故把interesting改為interested。2OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.(2019·全國(guó))答案amazingamazed解析考查形容詞化的分詞。amazed吃驚的，驚訝的；amazing令人吃驚的，令人驚訝的。v.­ed形容詞說(shuō)明人的感受，意為“感到的”；v.­ing形容詞描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意為“令人的”，此處說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)I的感受，故用v.­ed形式的形容詞。3Intheirsparetime，theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017·全國(guó))答案interestinginterested解析考查形容詞化的分詞。interesting意為“有趣的”，多指事物；interested意為“感興趣的”，多指人。該句的主語(yǔ)是they，故用interested。beinterestedin對(duì)感興趣。1形容詞化的v.­ing，表示“令人的”，常修飾物。2形容詞化的v.­ed，表示“感到的”，常修飾人。3特別注意的幾個(gè)詞匯：voice，look，expression，其前往往用v.­ed修飾，表示內(nèi)心的感受。增分訓(xùn)練增分單句訓(xùn)練.單句語(yǔ)法填空1Toguaranteethesafetyofthepalace，festivalorganizers (plan) thisyearsLanternFestivaleventusedLEDlightsratherthantraditionalpaperlanternsandredcandles.(2019·湖北八校聯(lián)考)答案planning解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句子的主語(yǔ)為festivalorganizers，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為used，由此確定plan需要用非謂語(yǔ)形式。plan和其邏輯主語(yǔ)，即句子的主語(yǔ)festivalorganizers構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用v.­ing形式。2TheeffectwassowonderfulthatDaShuhua(非遺打樹(shù)花) graduallygainedmoreappealthanfirecrackers，(attract) manypeopleinthecelebration.(2019·河南百校聯(lián)盟質(zhì)檢)答案attracting解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。DaShuhua與attract之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用v.­ing形式。3Thereareplentyofbreathtakingwalkstochoosefromwhichwillleadyou(discover) Dartmoofsancientandrugged(崎嶇的) charm！(2019·河南六市聯(lián)考)答案todiscover解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。固定短語(yǔ)：leadsb.todosth.“引導(dǎo)某人做某事”。故填todiscover。4Iturgesallcountriestomakedecisionsandtakeimmediateactiontostopitfrom(pollute) anymore.(2019·遼寧撫順模擬)答案beingpolluted解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞from后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，it與pollute之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填beingpolluted。5Joeoffered(pay) thedriver，gotoutofthetaxi，andranalongthepavementandpastalltheshopwindows.(2019·東北三省四市一模)答案topay解析考查不定式。此處表示“喬主動(dòng)提出付司機(jī)錢”。offer to do sth.主動(dòng)做某事。故填to pay。6FromMay20toJune2，morethan50shows(select) nationwidewillbeperformedinnineteenmajortheatersinShanghai.(2019·山東濟(jì)南三模)答案selected解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，主語(yǔ)為morethan50shows，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為willbeperformed。select只能用作非謂語(yǔ)，select和其邏輯主語(yǔ)morethan50shows構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞selected。7Iwontcallmyselfthemostaccomplishedpersonwhenitcomesto(hold) chopsticks.(2019·湖北武漢外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校質(zhì)檢)答案holding解析考查固定搭配。whenitcomesto意為“當(dāng)提到”，to是介詞，其后應(yīng)該用v.­ing形式。8Theeventservesnotonlyasaspectacularceremonytomemorizetheworld­famousChinesephilosopher，butachance(celebrate) Chineseculturetogetherwithotherlocalcommunities，saidWangLizhi，presidentofAmericaEastShandongAssociation(AESA)(2019·吉林遼源二模)答案tocelebrate解析考查不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。chance后面需要用todo作定語(yǔ)。9Often(consider) themostimportantmealoftheyear，thereuniondinnerisbothdeliciousandrootedinChinesetradition.(2019·湖北武漢調(diào)研)答案considered解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。通過(guò)分析可知，句子的謂語(yǔ)是is。此處沒(méi)有并列連詞，沒(méi)有從句引導(dǎo)詞，所以consider需要用非謂語(yǔ)形式，和句子的主語(yǔ)thereuniondinner構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞considered。10EverytimeIgointohisoffice，itsinahugemess，withcomputers(pull) apartandpiecesoftelescopealloverhisdesk.(2019·廣西南寧適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)答案pulled解析考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。pullapart(拆開(kāi))和賓語(yǔ)computer是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該填過(guò)去分詞pulled。.易錯(cuò)練習(xí)1ChinesePresidentgmadethepraiseinaletter(write) tothestudentsinBeijingsBayiSchoolonSaturday.(2019·安徽宣城二模)答案written解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中的名詞letter與write之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。句意為：周六，國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平在寫給北京八一學(xué)校學(xué)生的一封信中做出了表?yè)P(yáng)。故填written。2Driversarenottheonlyones(blame) fortheirresponsibilitythatleadstomanyautomobileaccidents.答案toblame解析考查非謂語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。 (be) toblame (forsth.)結(jié)構(gòu)表示“應(yīng)受責(zé)備”，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式。3Ateam(lead) byresearchersfromtheUniversityofExeteranalyzedUKBiobankdata(基因數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)) frommorethan48,000peoplewithdepressionandcomparedthemtoanothergroupofmorethan290,000people.(2019·福建廈門一模)答案led解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？蘸笫莃y，被動(dòng)標(biāo)志詞，空前的team與動(dòng)詞lead之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，“由研究者所帶領(lǐng)的團(tuán)隊(duì)”，過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)修飾前面的名詞，故填led。4While(swim)，Myles, myfour­year­oldsonhadsomehowleftthekidsareaandgotintotheadultspool.(2019·山西實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)質(zhì)檢)答案swimming解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，此處為狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，補(bǔ)充完整為WhileMyleswasswimming，此處省略了主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。故填swimming。5(build) over2,200yearsagoinwhatisnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina，thisamazingengineeringachievementisstillusedtoday.(2019·甘肅天水一中三模)答案Built解析考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，逗號(hào)前的部分在句中作狀語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)thisamazingengineeringachievement與build之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over2,200yearsago可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用build的過(guò)去分詞形式。故填Built。.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1Accordingtoapaperpublishingin2017，pigscantellbetweenthosewhotreatthemwellandthosewhodont.(2019·湖北黃岡高三聯(lián)考)答案publishingpublished解析publish與其邏輯主語(yǔ)apaper(論文)之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。2Imlookingforwardtothesummervacation.HowexciteditwillbetobuylovelyTintinproducts! (2019·河北唐山三模)答案excitedexciting解析it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是tobuylovelyTintinproducts，所以應(yīng)該用exciting，表示令人興奮的。3Afterthat，avolunteeractivitywilltakeplaceinthenearbycommunity，offertheAmericanstudentsanopportunitytoknowmoreaboutChinaandmakefriendswithChinesestudents.答案offeroffering解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是willtakeplace，且句中沒(méi)有并列連詞，也沒(méi)有從句，那么offer應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)形式。offer與其邏輯主語(yǔ)avolunteeractivity之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用offering。4Alwaysgetthelightscheckingatleastonceaweekandmakesurethefloorisdryallthetime.(2019·安徽定遠(yuǎn)二模)答案checkingchecked解析此處考查“get賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。check和賓語(yǔ)lights之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用checked。5Afterfallingoffandclimbbackontotheboardmanytimes，IeventuallymadeitandIreallyenjoyedtherestofmytimeonthewater.(2019·遼寧大連二模)答案climbclimbing解析after后面需要用v.­ing形式。and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分在形式上要一致，由falling也可推知，此處應(yīng)用climbing。6Thepoemrhymeisveryshort，whichmakesiteasyunderstand.(2019·山東鄆城一中三模)答案understand前加to解析此處it是形式賓語(yǔ)，todo不定式作真正的賓語(yǔ)。7Whenwedroveupthemountain，Ifoundthetopcoveringwithsnowandice！(2019·湘贛十四校聯(lián)考)答案coveringcovered解析此處是“find賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。cover和賓語(yǔ)thetop之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用covered。8Lookedatmyworkwithsatisfaction，Icouldnthelpimagininghowdelightedmygrandmawouldbe.(2019·湖南懷化二模)答案LookedLooking解析分析句子可知，look需用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。look和句子的主語(yǔ)I之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用looking。9Atthismoment，Ifoundthecitywassointeresting.HowIregretignoreitsbeautybefore!答案ignoreignoring解析此處表示我后悔以前忽視了它的美。所以應(yīng)該用regretdoingsth.“后悔做了某事”。10ImsurethatbylearnChinesecalligraphy，youwillhaveabetterunderstandingofChineseculturethaneverbefore.(2019·安徽淮北、宿州二模)答案learnlearning解析介詞后需要用v.­ing構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)。增分寫作訓(xùn)練非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在寫作中的應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中階段的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法，如能應(yīng)用在寫作中便能夠?yàn)槟愕淖魑脑龉馓聿?。?qǐng)按括號(hào)內(nèi)的要求升級(jí)一下下列句式。1Firstofall, IhavelivedinChinaforsixteenyearsandhavelearntEnglishsinceIwasachild，soIhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandChinese.(v.­ing作狀語(yǔ))(2019·全國(guó))Firstofall，havinglivedinChinaforsixteenyearsandhavinglearntEnglishsinceIwasachild，IhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandChinese.2Irepresentmywholeclass，andwouldliketoinviteyoutotakepartinourmusicfestival.(v.­ing作狀語(yǔ))(2019·全國(guó))Representingmywholeclass，Iwouldliketoinviteyoutotakepartinourmusicfestival.3Wearefullypreparedforthecompetitionandwehavefaiththatwewillwin.(v.­ed作狀語(yǔ)，v.­ing作賓語(yǔ))(2019·全國(guó))Fullypreparedforthecompetition，wehavefaithinourwinningthecompetition.強(qiáng)化練(四).語(yǔ)法填空(2019·甘肅蘭州實(shí)戰(zhàn)考試)WhatisReading?Reading is actually a very complex process that requires a great deal of active 1.(participate) on the part of the reader.It is an active thinking process involving the interaction between the reader and the print.That is to say，the readers former knowledge about the topic to 2.(read) andhislanguageknowledge (vocabularyandgrammar) directlyaffecthisunderstandingofthereadingmaterialand3.turn，thenewinformationaboutthetopic4.(contain) inthereadingmaterialwillenlargethereadersformerknowledge.Readingisaveryimportant5.(mean) ofgainingknowledgeaboutculture，custom，science，educationandtechnologyfromothersorothercountries.Itisagoodwayoflearningthemostadvancedhightechnology6.(serve) theneedsofthesocialdevelopmentandtheinterestsofourpeople.Readingis7.inseparablecomponentoftheEnglishlearning.Weshouldlaysolidfoundationsforouradvancededucation，andwecanmasterthelanguagebyreading8.(large)However，itisaverycomplexactivity9.involvesalmostallpsychologicalprocesses10.(include) sensation，perception，motorbehavior，motivation，attention，emotion，cognitionandall