2019高考英語一輪達(dá)標(biāo) Unit 4 Body language練題（含解析）新人教版必修4

Body language李仕才一、閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A new study has found the amount of antibiotics(抗生素)given to farm animals is expected to increase by two­thirds over the next 15 years.Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat，milk and eggs.However，the drugs could quicken the development of antibiotic­resistant infections(感染)Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States.The World Health Organization(WHO)notes when people stop living in poverty(貧困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better，rather than earn more money.For most people，that means their diet should contain more meat.With the rapid development of Asia，people there are eating nearly four times as much meat，milk and other milk products as they did 50 years ago.To meet the need，farmers have put many animals into smaller spaces.As the animals are crowded together，the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics.It's clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster.But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually.Nowadays，doctors find antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer work.The bacteria have learned ways to fight against the drugs.The heavy use of antibiotics in farm animals is responsible for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide.Each year in the United States，at least two million people get antibiotic­resistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections.Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth.And the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose.1What accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals?AThe desire for new drugs.BThe less effective antibiotics.CThe outdated farm technology.DThe need for more various foods.2What do most people want to do first when they get rid of poverty according to the WHO?AMaking a lot of money.BFocusing more on health.CHaving more meat in their diet.DLiving in a better environment.3What can be inferred from the passage?AAntibiotics do harm to animals.BAntibiotics help animals stay healthy.CAntibiotics are used heavily in Europe.DAntibiotic­resistant bacteria spread to people.4What's the passage mainly about?AThe negative effect of antibiotics on farm animals.BThe advantages of using antibiotics.CThe reason for banning the use of antibiotics.DA new way of raising farm animals.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要圍繞在農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物身上使用抗生素的負(fù)面影響展開?！倦y句分析】The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living in poverty(貧困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money.分析：本句為復(fù)合句。notes后接省略了連接詞that的賓語從句；該賓語從句中含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句when people stop living in poverty；they want to do 為省略了關(guān)系詞that的定語從句，修飾the first thing; rather than連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)在賓語從句中作表語。譯文：世界衛(wèi)生組織指出，當(dāng)人們擺脫貧窮之后，他們想做的第一件事情就是吃得好點(diǎn)，而不是掙更多的錢。1D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat，milk and eggs”可知，研究人員認(rèn)為用于農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物身上的抗生素的數(shù)量增加與人們對(duì)各種不同的食物的需求增加有關(guān)，故選D項(xiàng)。2C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“The World Health Organization (WHO) notes when people stop living in poverty(貧困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better，rather than earn more money.For most people，that means their diet should contain more meat”可知，C項(xiàng)正確。3D考查推理判斷。結(jié)合第四段中的“Each year in the United States，at least two million people get antibiotic­resistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections”可推知，抗生素耐藥細(xì)菌傳播到了人身上，故選D。由第三段中的“It's clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster”可知，A項(xiàng)表述有誤，可排除；由最后一段中的“Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth”可知C項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，可排除；B項(xiàng)最具干擾性，因?yàn)锽項(xiàng)本身是正確的，但是B項(xiàng)是文中的明確信息，不需要推斷得出，而題干所要求的選項(xiàng)需要經(jīng)過推理判斷得來，所以B項(xiàng)不符合題意。諸如B項(xiàng)這類本身正確，但不滿足題干要求的選項(xiàng)是考生做題時(shí)需要特別留意的。4A考查主旨大意。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可以看出，本文主要說的是在農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物身上使用抗生素的負(fù)面影響，故選A項(xiàng)。二、單句語法填空1(2017·天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _(allow) more patients to be treated.答案：allowing句意：醫(yī)院最近獲得了新醫(yī)療設(shè)備，從而使更多的病人得到治療成為可能。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。2The last one _(arrive) pays the meal.Agree!答案：to arrive代詞one前有the last，所以用不定式作后置定語。3Look, dark clouds are gathering in the sky; it is likely _(rain) later on.答案：to rainbe likely to do sth. “很可能做某事”。4There has been a close _(associate) between these two companies.答案：association由設(shè)空前的“a close”可知，應(yīng)填名詞形式association，意為“聯(lián)系”。5The female hormones help the body defend itself _some kinds of infections.答案：against/from句意：這些雌激素幫助身體抵御某些類型的感染。defend . against/from “保護(hù)免受”。6One's _(face) expressions may tell you some of his/her inner feelings.答案：facialfacial expressions “面部表情”。7I'm curious _(know) what has happened to him.答案：to knowbe curious to do sth. “很想做某事”。8They claimed that they _(represent) the interests of workers in the steel factory.答案：represented此處represent是賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞，意為“代表”，由claimed可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。9He threw the papers down on my desk and walked out with _(angry)答案：anger介詞with后接名詞，應(yīng)填anger，with anger “生氣地”。10The woman said the daily _(greet) have become a habit.答案：greetings形容詞daily后接名詞，且此處表泛指，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，daily greetings “日常問候”。三、完形填空(2018·甘肅省蘭州市高考診斷考試)When your child is supposed to be doing homework, are they chatting with their friends on or playing games? Many studies have shown that multitasking doesn't _1_， _2_ you child is probably proudly claiming they can do ten things _3_！ Many people believe that they can _4_ two or more tasks at the same time, but Dr. Edward Hallowell says this is _5_. The reality is that multitasking _6_ poor job performance.New hand­help _7_ such as smartphones, iPads, games and social networking sites make it very easy to multitask and _8_ attention leading to difficulty focusing on the task _9_， such as listening in the classroom or doing homework. “_10_， the brain actually _11_ kids for multitasking even though your child's performance on every task gets worse and worse. Kids don't know that they are doing _12_ because they feel better when they multitask，” says Dr. Edward Hallowell._13_ the appearance of hand­held devices and social networking sites, teachers have noticed a difference in _14_ performance, critical thinking skills and how information is _15_. “Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn，” says Dr. Edward Hallowell. Kids have a difficult time sticking with a “difficult to understand” topic and _16_ to allow themselves to be distracted (注意力分散的), to tune out and switch _17_ to or using their cell phones _18_ working harder at understanding a difficult subject or problem. In the long _19_， multitasking affects grades. One study shows that kids that use the Internet while in class do _20_ on tests, resulting in lower grades.1A.play BunderstandCuse Dwork2A.only if Beven thoughCso that Dno wonder3A.at once Bright awayCin no time Dat random4A.advocate BdealCperform Dprefer5A.impossible BimportantCimpatient Dimpolite6A.results in Bresults fromCexists in Dexists from7A.designs BdiscoveriesCequipment Devidence8A.attract BdrawCpay Dshare9A.at hand Bon timeCon schedule Dat times10A.Uncertainly BUnfortunatelyCUniversally DUndoubtedly11A.remains BrewardsCregards Dreflects12A.better BwellCbad Dworse13A.Since BBeforeCWhen DWhile14A.accidental BaccurateCaccessible Dacademic15A.produced BprocessedCpossessed Dpromoted16A.tend BattendCintend Dpretend17A.out BonCoff Dover18A.except for Brather thanCmore than Dapart from19A.run BwalkCjourney Ddistance20A.hardly BsuccessfullyCpoorly Dmildly【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了孩子們同時(shí)做多項(xiàng)任務(wù)對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)所造成的負(fù)面影響。1D根據(jù)下文中的“The reality is that multi­tasking _6_ poor job performance”可推知，一次做很多事情并沒有什么效果，work“奏效，起作用”。2B根據(jù)語境可知，空處上下句之間存在邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，even though“即使，盡管”，符合語境。3A根據(jù)下文中的“Many people believe that they can _4_ two or more tasks at the same time”可知，孩子們會(huì)聲稱能同時(shí)做十件事情。at once“一起，同時(shí)”。4C根據(jù)語境可知，許多人相信他們可以同時(shí)做兩件或是更多事情。perform“做，執(zhí)行，履行”。5A根據(jù)下文中的“poor job performance”可知，Dr. Edward Hallowell認(rèn)為同時(shí)做多個(gè)任務(wù)是不可能的。故A項(xiàng)正確。6A根據(jù)語境尤其是“poor job performance”可推知，同時(shí)做多項(xiàng)任務(wù)的結(jié)果很不好。result in“導(dǎo)致，造成”。7C根據(jù)空后的“smartphones, iPads”可知，此處表示新的便攜式裝備，故C項(xiàng)正確。下文13空后的“hand­held devices”也是信息提示。8D根據(jù)下文中的“l(fā)eading to difficulty focusing on the task”可推知，多任務(wù)容易分散注意力。share“共享，共用”。9A根據(jù)空后的“such as listening in the classroom or doing homework”可知，這些都是手頭要做的事。at hand“在手邊”。10B根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，Dr. Edward Hallowell并不贊成多任務(wù)行為，因此當(dāng)大腦給這種行為以肯定或鼓勵(lì)時(shí)，他認(rèn)為是不幸的。11B根據(jù)空后的“even though”可知，空處與worse形成對(duì)比，由此可推知大腦反而鼓勵(lì)這種多任務(wù)行為。reward“獎(jiǎng)賞，報(bào)答”。12D根據(jù)上文中的“gets worse and worse”和空后的“because they feel better when they multitask”可知，孩子們并不知道自己變得更糟糕。13A結(jié)合空后現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的運(yùn)用可知，此處應(yīng)用連詞since“自從之后”引導(dǎo)狀語從句。14D根據(jù)上文的“teachers”可推知，老師們注意到學(xué)生們?cè)趯W(xué)業(yè)上的差異。academic“學(xué)術(shù)的”。15B根據(jù)下文中的“Multitasking prevents people from gaining a deep understanding of the information they are trying to learn”可知，這些便攜式工具的出現(xiàn)改變了學(xué)生處理信息的方式。process“處理”。16A根據(jù)空前的“Kids have a difficult time sticking with a difficult to understand topic”可知，孩子們很難堅(jiān)持一個(gè)理解起來有困難的話題，他們的注意力往往會(huì)分散。tend to do sth.“往往會(huì)做某事”。17D根據(jù)語境可知，既然注意力分散了，孩子們就有可能轉(zhuǎn)而關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)之外的東西。switch over to“轉(zhuǎn)向”。18B根據(jù)語境可知，孩子們?nèi)ネ媸謾C(jī)或，而不是更努力地學(xué)習(xí)。rather than“而不是”。19Ain the long run為固定短語，意為“從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看”，符合語境。20C根據(jù)空后的“resulting in lower grades”可知，在課堂上上網(wǎng)的孩子考試成績(jī)差。四、單句改錯(cuò)1As Teachers' Day approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year._答案：AsWith或approaching前加wasWith Teachers' Day approaching和As Teachers' Day was approaching都表示“隨著教師節(jié)的臨近”。前者，with是介詞，構(gòu)成with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；后者，as是連詞，連接句子。2His mind was with ease and he felt confident in the future._答案：withatat ease “不拘束，放松”符合句意。3At the airport, he kissed me goodbye on my cheek._答案：mythe表示觸碰別人身上某部位時(shí)，常用“動(dòng)詞sb.介詞the身體部位”。所涉及的動(dòng)詞有hit, pat, tap, beat, strike等。4General speaking, the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller._答案：GeneralGenerallygenerally speaking “一般來說”，與in general意義相近。5There must have been some misunderstand. I did not order all these books._答案：misunderstandmisunderstandingsome后應(yīng)接名詞，故改為misunderstanding，意為“誤解；誤會(huì)”。五、短文改錯(cuò)(2017·石家莊市教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)一)Recently，a famous basketball player has caused public angry by writing on the Great Wall.In the fact，this happens in many place of interest. I had some suggestions to solve this problem.First，make more posters to inform the public the damage of graffiti (涂鴉)Besides，punishments，such as a fine，is necessary to tourists with so bad behavior. Also，I think it's helpfully to put up some boards along the tourist attractions that tourists can leave messages.I'm sure with our efforts，more and more people will become concerning about protecting cultural relics.【答案】Recently，a famous basketball player has caused public by writing on the Great Wall.In fact，this happens in many of interest.I some suggestions to solve this problem.First，make more posters to inform the public the damage of graffiti (涂鴉)Besides，punishments，such as a fine， necessary to tourists with bad behavior. Also，I think it's to put up some boards along the tourist attractions tourists can leave messages.I'm sure with our efforts，more and more people will become about protecting cultural relics.第一處：angryanger?？疾槊~。形容詞public修飾名詞，故用名詞形式。第二處：刪除fact前的the。考查固定搭配。in fact為固定搭配，意為“事實(shí)上”，the多余。第三處：placeplaces?？疾槊~的數(shù)。根據(jù)該句中的many可知，名詞place應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。第四處：hadhave。考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知，該句陳述的是目前的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。第五處：public后加of/about。考查介詞。inform sb.of/about sth.為固定搭配，表示“通知某人某事”。第六處：isare?？疾橹髦^一致。該句主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞punishments，故系動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式are。第七處：sosuch?？疾橄薅ㄔ~。該句中behavior為不可數(shù)名詞，只能用such修飾。so用于“soadj.a/an可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。第八處：helpfullyhelpful?？疾樾稳菰~。is為系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語。第九處：thatwhere。考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為定語從句，先行詞為boards，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)該定語從句。第十處：concerningconcerned?？疾楣潭ù钆洹e/become concerned about為固定短語，意為“關(guān)注”。9