（新課標(biāo)）2020高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第五講 完形填空 5.3 完形填空篇之議論文專題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練

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1、5.3 完形填空篇之議論文 Ⅰ.完形填空 鄭州市2018屆高三上學(xué)期期中考試 Do you know how discipline can help you achieve your goals? Do you know that discipline is important to __1__？ What is the power of discipline? How to become disciplined? You might think that many people are not self-disciplined, __2__ I'm going to prove

2、to you that people in general are disciplined, but __3__， in non-beneficial ways. There are many people who smoke daily __4__ the fact that it is harmful and __5__ and it could kill them. Such people are disciplined at __6__ cigarettes and smoking. There are people who are disciplined at drinking lo

3、ts of alcohol daily. Such people are disciplined at consuming alcohol. Do you __7__ where I am going with this? One of my friends who has a __8__ for running, and spends half an hour every single morning running. Whether it is snowing or raining, she has to run. This is the kind of __9__ discipline

4、 that you are supposed to __10__ and create in your life. Do you know someone who bought a book, but didn't finish __11__ it for some reason? Do you know someone who decided to improve his __12__ and start eating more vegetables and fruit, but after two weeks, he __13__？ These are all examples of

5、__14__ of discipline. If you are not disciplined，then you will have a hard time to get your __15__. As I mentioned in my book The ultimate guide to achieving your goals that you could know what you want, __16__ and take action, but if you are not self-disciplined, you will __17__ give up. With disc

6、ipline, you can start getting up early in the morning, exercise, and __18__ yourself of the non-beneficial habits such as smoking and eating non-healthy food. With discipline, you can change negative habits into positive habits. With discipline, you can join the gym and start working on having a __1

7、9__ body. Do you see what the __20__ of discipline can do? Always remember what Jim Rohn said, “One discipline always leads to another discipline.” 1. A．wealth B．success C．fortune D．health 2. A．for B．a(chǎn)nd C．or D．but 3. A．unfortunately B．unwillingly C．unnecessarily D．unexpectedly 4. A．be

8、sides B．despite C．except D．without 5. A．courageous B．disgusting C．dangerous D．forbidden 6. A．selling B．buying C．getting D．consuming 7. A．care B．see C．feel D．mind 8. A．passion B．gift C．respect D．reason 9. A．formal B．positive C．negative D．religious 10. A．form B．learn C．follow

9、 D．believe 11. A．reading B．reciting C．a(chǎn)nalyzing D．reviewing 12. A．service B．diet C．skill D．performance 13. A．broke down B．turned up C．gave up D．set out 14. A．lack B．gesture C．sign D．symbol 15. A．a(chǎn)ttention B．order C．credit D．desire 16. A．plan B．listen C．a(chǎn)sk D．hope 17. A．obvi

10、ously B．practically C．likely D．quickly 18. A．persuade B．inform C．deliver D．break 19. A．healthier B．weaker C．heavier D．clumsier 20. A．demand B．power C．principle D．measure [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　這是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了自律的力量及其對(duì)人們的影響，作者呼吁人們做一個(gè)自律的人，改掉不良習(xí)慣，培養(yǎng)健康向上的生活習(xí)慣。 1．B　【解析】考查名詞辨析。wealth財(cái)富；success成功；fortune命運(yùn)

11、；health健康。根據(jù)前一句“你知道自律如何幫助你實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)嗎？”可知，此處指自律對(duì)成功是很重要的。故選B。 2．D　【解析】考查連詞辨析。根據(jù)上文“你也許認(rèn)為很多人的自律性不高”以及下文“我要證明給你看的是人們一般是有自律性的”可知，上下文之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D。 3．A　【解析】考查副詞辨析。unfortunately不幸地；unwillingly不情愿地；unnecessarily沒必要地；unexpectedly意外地。根據(jù)下文列舉的吸煙、喝酒的例子可推知，此處指“不幸地是，這些都是不好的(non-beneficial)例子”。故選A。 4．B　【解析】考查介詞辨析。bes

12、ides除此之外(還有)；despite盡管；except除此之外；without沒有。句意：盡管(despite)吸煙有害是一個(gè)事實(shí)，但是很多人每天都吸煙。故選B。 5．C　【解析】考查形容詞辨析。courageous勇敢的；disgusting惡心的；dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；forbidden被禁止的。與前文harmful對(duì)應(yīng)，表示“吸煙是有害和危險(xiǎn)的(dangerous)”。故選C。 6．D　【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞辨析。selling賣；buying買；getting得到；consuming消耗。句意：這些人在消耗香煙和吸煙方面是遵守規(guī)律的。另外根據(jù)后文的“Such people ar

13、e disciplined at consuming alcohol.”可知，此處應(yīng)使用consume“消耗”。故選D。 7．B　【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。care關(guān)心；see看到；明白；feel感覺；mind介意。句意：你明白(see)我從哪里引用這點(diǎn)嗎？故選B。 8．A　【解析】考查名詞辨析。passion激情；gift禮物；respect尊重；reason原因。根據(jù)下文的“Whether it is snowing or raining, she has to run.”可知，作者的一個(gè)朋友有每天晨跑的激情。故選A。 9．B　【解析】考查形容詞辨析。formal正式的；positive

14、積極的；negative消極的；religious宗教的。此處與上文吸煙、喝酒不良習(xí)慣形成對(duì)比，這是一種積極的自律性。故選B。 10．C　【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。form形成；learn學(xué)習(xí)；follow遵循；believe相信。句意：這是一種在你的生活中，你應(yīng)該遵循和創(chuàng)造的積極的自律性。故選C。 11．A　【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞辨析。reading閱讀；reciting背誦；analyzing分析；reviewing審查。句意：你知道有的人買了一本書，但是因?yàn)槟撤N原因沒有讀完嗎？故選A。 12．B　【解析】考查名詞辨析。service服務(wù)；diet飲食；skill技巧；performance

15、表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文的 “start eating more vegetables and fruit”可知此處指改善自己的飲食。故選B。 13．C　【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。break down拋錨；turn up露面；give up放棄；set out 出發(fā)。句意：但是兩周后，他就放棄了。故選C。 14．A　【解析】考查名詞辨析。lack缺乏；gesture姿勢(shì)；sign符號(hào)；symbol象征。根據(jù)上文可知，列舉的這些例子都是缺乏自律性的。故選A。 15．D　【解析】考查名詞辨析。attention注意；order順序；credit信用；desire愿望。句意：如果你缺乏自律性，那么實(shí)現(xiàn)你

16、的愿望將是很困難的。故選D。 16．A　【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。plan計(jì)劃；listen聽；ask問；hope希望。句意：正像我在我的《實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)終極指南》一書中提到的，你能知道你想要的、能計(jì)劃并采取行動(dòng)，但是如果你自律性不強(qiáng)，你將可能放棄。故選A。 17．C　【解析】考查副詞辨析。obviously顯然地；practically實(shí)際上；likely可能；quickly快速地。句意：但是如果你的自律性不強(qiáng)，你將可能放棄。故選C。 18．D　【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。persuade勸說(shuō)；inform通知；deliver傳遞；break打破，解除。句意：有自律，你就能夠每天早上早起、鍛煉，把

17、你身上像吸煙和吃不健康食物的不好習(xí)慣打破。故選D。 19．A　【解析】考查形容詞辨析。healthier更健康的；weaker更弱的；heavier更重的；clumsier更笨的。句意：有了自律性，你就能進(jìn)入體育館，開始為有一個(gè)更健康的身體而努力。故選A。 20．B　【解析】考查名詞辨析。demand要求；power力量；principle紀(jì)律；measure措施。句意：你看到自律的力量能做些什么了嗎？故選B。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A Researchers at the University of Kansas say that people can accurately judge 9

18、0 percent of a stranger's personality simply by looking at the person's shoes.“Shoes convey useful information about their wearers，” the authors wrote in the new study published in the Journal of Research in Personality. Lead researcher Omri Gillath said the judgments were based on the style，cost，c

19、olor and condition of someone's shoes.In the study,63 University of Kansas researchers looked at pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the study's participants.Volunteers in the study were photographed in their most commonly worn shoes，and then filled out a personality questionnaire.

20、 Some of the results were expected：People with higher incomes most commonly wore expensive shoes，and flashier shoes were typically worn by outgoing people.However，some of the more specific results are strange enough.For example，“practical and functional” shoes were generally worn by more “pleasant”

21、 people，while ankle boots were more linked with “aggressive” personalities.The strangest of all may be that those who wore “uncomfortable-looking” shoes tend to have “calm” personalities.And if you have several pairs of new shoes or take extreme care of them，you may suffer from “attachment anxiety”，

22、spending lots of time worrying about what other people think of your appearance.There was even a political calculation in the mix with more liberal(主張變革的) types wearing “shabbier and less expensive” shoes. The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personali

23、ties，but researchers noted that volunteers were also likely to be unaware that their footwear choices were showing the deep side of their personalities. 1．What does this text mainly tell us? A．Shoes can hide people's real personalities. B．Shoes convey false information about the wearer. C．People

24、's personalities can be judged by their shoes. D．People know little about their personalities. 2．The participants were asked to ________. A．provide pictures of their shoes B．look at pictures of different shoes C．design a personality questionnaire D．hand in their commonly worn shoes 3．Which of

25、 the results is beyond people's expectation? A．Wealthy people often wear expensive shoes. B．Pleasant people like wearing uncomfortable shoes. C．Aggressive people are likely to wear ankle boots. D．Fashion shoes are typically worn by outgoing people. 4．People suffering from “attachment anxiety” t

26、end to ________. A．wear strange shoes B．worry about their appearance C．have a calm character D．become a political leader [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　一項(xiàng)新的研究表明根據(jù)一個(gè)人的鞋子可以判斷他的性格，甚至是陌生人的性格，準(zhǔn)確率能達(dá)到90%。研究人員指出有些研究成果是在意料之內(nèi)的，而有些結(jié)果是出乎人們意料的。 1．C　【解析】主旨大意題。本文是一篇調(diào)查報(bào)告，第一段提出了“‘Shoes convey useful information about their wearers’”然

27、后對(duì)調(diào)查活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹，最后一段通過(guò)“their footwear choices were showing the deep side of their personalities”進(jìn)一步印證主題，所以文章主要講述的是人們所穿的鞋子能反映出人的性格。 2．A　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“researchers looked at pictures showing 208 different pairs of shoes worn by the study's participants”以及“Volunteers in the study were photographed i

28、n their most commonly worn shoes”可知參與調(diào)查的人們被要求提供他們鞋子的照片。 3．C　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“However，some of the more specific results are strange enough.For example，‘practical and functional’shoes were generally worn by more ‘pleasant’ people，while ankle boots were more linked with ‘a(chǎn)ggressive’ personalities.”

29、可知穿高跟短靴的人更具有攻擊性是出乎人們意料的。 4．B　【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章的第三段中的“…you may suffer from ‘a(chǎn)ttachment anxiety’，spending lots of time worrying about what other people think of your appearance.”可知，患有依戀焦慮癥的人們，會(huì)更擔(dān)心他們的外表。 B 2019·遼寧省五校協(xié)作高三聯(lián)合模擬題 It took multiple weddings for Christine Law to realize what she needed to do

30、. In the summer of 2014, her schedule was packed with friends' marriage celebrations—flower-filled occasions that got her thinking, “Where do all the flowers go after the party？” More often than not, they were thrown away. Law was confident she could find a better use for them. By August, she had

31、a plan: convince couples and companies hosting events to donate their flowers, which she would pick up and deliver within 48 hours to seniors across the city. She wanted to bring beauty into the lives of the elderly. She drew on her experience through being a volunteer in non-profit institutions in

32、order to set up her own organization, which she called Floranthropie. Not having enough bouquets (花束) for all 150 people of a health center, Law asked the staff to provide a list of patients who needed cheering up most, “The first woman I approached thought it was a mistake, and that the flowers cou

33、ldn't possibly be for her，” says Law. “I said they were a gift, and we talked for a half hour.” In addition to health centers, Floranthropie focuses on community groups devoted to the elderly. La-titia Thélème is a volunteer for Les Petits Fières, an organization that aims to help the elderly who d

34、on't have a support system. The group receives a dozen or so bouquets from Floranthropie monthly, and then redistributes them. “Our motto is ‘flowers before bread’，” says Thélème. “We don't focus on primary care, but rather on nourishing (滋養(yǎng)) the spirit. Floranthropie helps us do that. It's amazing

35、what a big difference a small bouquet can make.” In the beginning, most of Floranthropie's donations came through word of mouth. These days, Law receives messages from strangers via her organization's page and has connected with corporations and flower wholesalers. Law hopes to expand Floranthropi

36、e nationally, but at this point is happy to be able to oversee each delivery personally. 5．What made Christine Law set up Floranthropie? A．The waste of flowers. B．The loneliness of seniors. C．The persuasion of other friends. D．The warm atmosphere of weddings. 6．What was the woman's reaction to

37、 Christine Law's flowers? A．She was moved. B．She was excited. C．She was worried. D．She was surprised. 7．What can we infer about Floranthropie from La-titia Thélème's words? A．It should focus on primary care. B．It is benefiting more than the elderly. C．It is doing something of great importanc

38、e. D．It should cooperate with more non-profit institutions. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Volunteer Your Time B．Don't Throw Flowers Away C．Special Delivery Makes Your Day D．Brighten Seniors' Lives With Flowers [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Christine Law把婚禮上用過(guò)的花送給老人們，為他們的生活增加美的享受，她的做法得到了很多人的

39、支持。 5．A　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“‘Where do all the flowers go after the party？’ More often than not, they were thrown away. Law was confident she could find a better use for them.”可知，婚禮上使用過(guò)的花束的浪費(fèi)使Christine Law成立了Floranthropie這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)，故選A。 6．D　【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The first woman I approached thought it was a mi

40、stake, and that the flowers couldn't possibly be for her”可推知，當(dāng)Christine Law給第一位女士送花時(shí)，她感到難以置信、相當(dāng)驚訝，故選D。 7．C　【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Floranthropie helps us do that. It's amazing what a big difference a small bouquet can make.”可推知，La-titia Thélème認(rèn)為Floranthropie做的事產(chǎn)生了很大影響，故C項(xiàng)符合文意。 8. D　【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題。本文主要講述了Chr

41、istine Law為了不浪費(fèi)婚禮上用過(guò)的花，把花送給老人們，給他們的生活帶來(lái)了美，故D項(xiàng)適合作文章標(biāo)題。 Ⅲ.理解七選五 Secret codes(密碼) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. __1__ Code bre

42、aking never lags(落后)far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. __2__ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me”． __3__ You might repres

43、ent each letter with a number, for example. Let's number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5”． A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code

44、, you must have a code book. __4__ For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”．The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”. __5__However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. A．It is very hard to break a

45、code without the code book. B．In any language, some letters are used more than others. C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D．As long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them. E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F．W

46、ith a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要向讀者介紹了幾種類型的密碼。 1．D　【解析】根據(jù)空格后的“Code breaking never lags(落后)far behind code making.”及關(guān)鍵詞breaking可知，D項(xiàng)“只要有密

47、碼的存在，人們就會(huì)試圖破解它們”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 2．E　【解析】根據(jù)空格后的“the first letters of ‘My elephant eats too many eels’ spell out the hidden message ‘Meet me’”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處指可以利用每個(gè)單詞的首字母來(lái)隱藏信息，E項(xiàng)是下文例子的概括，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。 3．G　【解析】根據(jù)空格后的“You might represent each letter with a number，for example.”，并結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，也可以使用代號(hào)來(lái)代表字母表中特定的字母，G項(xiàng)可以

48、引起下文，符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。 4．F　【解析】根據(jù)空格前的“you must have a code book”并結(jié)合空格后的“‘bridge’ might stand for ‘meet’…”可知，空格處指的是密碼本的作用，因此F項(xiàng)“使用密碼本，你可以記錄那些代表其他單詞的單詞”能夠銜接上下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。 5．A　【解析】根據(jù)空格后的“However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.”可知，空格后的內(nèi)容表示轉(zhuǎn)折，由此結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，A項(xiàng)“如果沒有密碼本，人們很難破解密碼”能夠與下文內(nèi)容相銜接，且A項(xiàng)中的“It

49、 is very hard”與下句中的“it is also hard”相照應(yīng)。故選A。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) Many years ago，when I was a teenager，I had a chance attend the National Professional Dance Competition in Beijing.It is one of the nation's biggest art event.Before the competition was started，I practiced very hard to improve each step，gradually，

50、one and one.I forgot that it was to be tired and just thought that I had to win.Every dancer had to choose the number.Because I was too concentrated on practicing for my performance，when the judges called her number，that I didn't hear it.Eventually I heard it.I cannot describe how exciting I was.Alt

51、hough this first competition was a long time ago，I still clear remember it. 【答案】 Many years ago，when I was a teenager，I had a chance attend the National Professional Dance Competition in Beijing.It is one of the nation's biggest art .Before the competition started，I practiced very hard to improv

52、e each step，gradually，one one.I forgot it was to be tired and just thought that I had to win.Every dancer had to choose number.Because I was concentrated on practicing for my performance，when the judges called number, that I didn't hear it.Eventually I heard it.I cannot describe how I was.Although this first competition was a long time ago，I still remember it. 10