（新課標(biāo)）2020屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題一 語法基礎(chǔ) 考點(diǎn)七 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣（含解析）

考點(diǎn)七情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣限時(shí)25分鐘一、單句語法填空1We _ (enjoy) the sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight答案：would be enjoying句意：要不是耽擱了航班，我們現(xiàn)在正在三亞享受陽光。根據(jù)后面的“now”和“if it were not for ”可知，此處是對(duì)現(xiàn)在狀況的虛擬，故主句用would be doing。2When I was small, my mom _ read me stories at night答案：would句意：當(dāng)我小時(shí)候，我母親常常在晚上給我讀故事。would “過去常常”，表示過去的習(xí)慣性的行為。3The accident _ have been caused by a dog running across the road, but we don't know for sure答案：might句意：事故可能是由一條橫穿馬路的狗引起的，但我們不確定。分析句子可知，本句是對(duì)過去動(dòng)作的推測(cè)，可能性不大，故填might。4He looked so hungry as though he _ (eat) a decent meal for a month答案：hadn't eaten句意：他看起來如此餓好像已有一個(gè)月沒有吃過一頓像樣的飯了。由主句中的looked可知，as if/though后面跟過去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過去的虛擬。5I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise, I _ (keep) you waiting for such a long time答案：wouldn't have kept句意：我在交通堵塞中被困了一個(gè)多小時(shí)，否則我不會(huì)讓你等這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。句中用了虛擬語氣，otherwise說明的從句內(nèi)容和過去事實(shí)相反，指如果不被交通阻塞困住，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might have過去分詞”形式。6Although passing the driving test _ be difficult now, it's worth the efforts答案：can句意：雖然現(xiàn)在通過駕駛考試可能是困難的，但付出的努力是值得的。此處用can表示有時(shí)可能會(huì)，故填can。7My mother _ (be) angry with me, but I couldn't shut my mouth before I shouted at her!答案：wouldn't have been句意：我母親本來不會(huì)對(duì)我生氣的，但在我對(duì)她大叫之前，我不能閉上嘴！wouldn't have done “本來不會(huì)做某事”。 8I'm not sure of the reason for the dog's illness, but it _ (cause) by eating too much答案：may have been caused句意：我不能肯定狗生病的原因，但它也許是因?yàn)槌缘锰嗔?。根?jù)前句“I'm not sure of the reason for the dog's illness”可知，這里為不肯定的推測(cè)，故用may have done “可能做某事”；由于dog's illness與cause之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故答案為may have been caused。9Can I pay the bill by check?Sorry, sir But it is the rule of our hotel that payment _ be made in cash答案：shall句意：我可以用支票付賬嗎？對(duì)不起，先生。但這是我們酒店的規(guī)定，應(yīng)當(dāng)以現(xiàn)金付款。shall可以在法律條文、規(guī)章制度中表示規(guī)定或義務(wù)等，此處是旅館的規(guī)定。10Passengers _ talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus off the road答案：mustn't句意：當(dāng)公共汽車開動(dòng)時(shí)，乘客不得與司機(jī)交談，因?yàn)檫@將把他的注意力從路上轉(zhuǎn)移開來。此處表示“禁止，不允許”，故用mustn't。11David didn't attend his daughter's graduation ceremony, but he does wish he _ (be) there答案：had been句意：戴維沒有參加女兒的畢業(yè)典禮，但他確實(shí)希望他能在那里。這里wish后面的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，與過去的事實(shí)相反，用過去完成時(shí)。12Even a small personal computer _ store vast amounts of information答案：can句意：即使是一臺(tái)小型個(gè)人電腦也能儲(chǔ)存大量的信息。此處表示一種能力，故填can。13The report is scheduled to be handed in tomorrow, so he _ (attend) the concert with his family yesterday 答案：couldn't have attended句意：這份報(bào)告定于明天提交，昨天他不可能和家人去聽音樂會(huì)。couldn't have done表示對(duì)過去事情有把握的否定推測(cè)，意為“不可能已經(jīng)做了某事”。14I am sorry I am very busy now If I _ (have) time, I would certainly go to the movies with you答案：had根據(jù)前面的“I am sorry I am very busy now”可知，是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，if從句中使用一般過去時(shí)。15It _ well be the largest cathedral in the world答案：may句意：它很可能是世界上最大的大教堂。may與well連用，表“很可能”。16Most green tea drinkers do not add milk or sugar, but you _ if you like答案：can句意：大部分喝綠茶的人不(往茶里)加牛奶或糖，但是如果你喜歡，你可以加。can表示許可，符合句意。17The head teacher demanded that the paper _ (finish) after class答案：(should) be finisheddemand后的賓語從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，即“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”，由于finish與the paper之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。18How I wish I _ (have) the chance to watch the football games with my father, who was a reporter there答案：had hadwish從句用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)逗號(hào)后面的非限制性定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞was可知，這里表示的是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，因此應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。19There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party You _ (come), but why didn't you?答案：should have come句意：昨天的聚會(huì)很有趣。你本應(yīng)該來，為什么沒來呀？should have done sth表示本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒做。20Antarctica was so mystically described by some people If only I _ (be) there!答案：had been句意：南極洲被一些人描述得很神奇。如果我去過那里就好了！if only “要是就好了”引導(dǎo)的句子應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，表示與過去情況相反的假設(shè)，應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)，故答案為had been。21It _ (be) Mr Black because he is away on a trip to China答案：can't be句意：那人不可能是布萊克先生，因?yàn)樗ブ袊?guó)旅游了。根據(jù)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句的內(nèi)容可知，說話者的推測(cè)是很有把握的。表示非常有把握的否定推測(cè)應(yīng)該用can't。22You _ as well tell us now; we'll find out sooner or later答案：may/might句意：你最好現(xiàn)在告訴我們，我們遲早會(huì)查明的。may/might as well是固定搭配，意為“最好，倒不如”。23The door _ open, no matter how hard she pushed答案：wouldn't句意：無論她怎么用力推，門總是打不開。主語The door為物，且pushed表示過去，故填wouldn't表示一種傾向性。24_ it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match答案：Should本句中條件句是對(duì)將來狀況的虛擬，當(dāng)條件句中有助動(dòng)詞had, were, should時(shí)，可以將if省略，把這些助動(dòng)詞放在句首，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。25_ you interrupt now? Can't you see I'm on the phone?Sorry, sir, but it's urgent答案：Must根據(jù)第二個(gè)問句可知，此處應(yīng)用must, 意為“非要，偏要”，用來告訴某人他的舉止使你很生氣或困擾。二、單句改錯(cuò)1If he studies at this school, he would know you well _答案：studiesstudied句意：如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話，他會(huì)對(duì)你很熟悉。根據(jù)后面的主句“would know”可知，本句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，故從句應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。2The order came that the medical supplies are sent to the countryside _答案：are(should) be此句中that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋前面的order 的內(nèi)容，order后面的從句應(yīng)該使用虛擬語氣“(should) do”的結(jié)構(gòu)，故將are改為be。3He mustn't be a basketball player, because he is much too short _答案：mustn'tcan't句意：他不可能是一個(gè)籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，因?yàn)樗麄€(gè)子矮。表示不可能，應(yīng)該是can't，表示否定的推測(cè)，而mustn't表示“禁止”。4Robert's new book about space exploration is fantastic You simply could read it _答案：couldmust句意：羅伯特寫的關(guān)于太空探索的新書太好了，你一定要讀一讀。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用must，故將could改為must。 5Has he learnt about computer, we would have hired him to work here _答案：HasHad句意：如果他懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們就聘用他來這里工作了。當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞含有were, should, had時(shí)，if可省略，而將were, should, had置于句首。6If we booked a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue_答案：booked前加had句意：如果早一點(diǎn)定位子的話，現(xiàn)在我們就不用站在這里排隊(duì)了。此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故在booked前加had。7All of us love the weekends, because we can't get up early on Saturdays and Sundays _答案：can'tneedn't根據(jù)語境，表示不必，而不是不能，故將can't改為needn't。8He might have gone to bed, for the light was out_答案：mightmust句意：他一定已經(jīng)上床睡覺了，因?yàn)闊粢呀?jīng)滅了。must have done表示對(duì)過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的肯定推測(cè)。might have done “可能做過某事”，表示對(duì)過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情把握不大的推測(cè)。9He commanded that roads built to link castles across the land_答案：built前加(should) becommand后面的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，且roads和build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故在built前加(should) be。10We must go to the concert tonight, but we are not sure yet_答案：mustmay句意：我們今天晚上有可能去聽音樂會(huì)，但是還不確定。must表示肯定的猜測(cè)，而may “可能會(huì)”表示把握不大的推測(cè)。11I wish I was a bird and could fly freely in the blue sky_答案：waswerewish后的從句常用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)語境可知，這里應(yīng)表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反的虛擬語氣，be動(dòng)詞常用were。12You need have studied that late last night It was harmful to your health_答案：needneedn't由后面的句子可知，前一句句意為“昨天晚上你不必學(xué)到那么晚”，因此應(yīng)用need的否定形式。needn't have done “本不必做某事(而實(shí)際上做了)”。13It has been announced that students might remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected_答案：mightshall句意：根據(jù)宣布的內(nèi)容，學(xué)生必須留在自己的座位上直到所有的試卷收完為止。在條約、規(guī)定、法令等文件中表示規(guī)定或義務(wù)等，應(yīng)用shall。14We would as well stay where we are, because the outside is unsafe_答案：wouldmay/might句意：我們最好待在現(xiàn)在待的地方，因?yàn)橥饷娌话踩?。“may/might as well動(dòng)詞原形”為固定用法，意思是“不妨做，最好做”。15We can have visited Peking University, but we spent too much time shopping_答案：cancould句意：我們?cè)究梢詤⒂^北京大學(xué)的，但是我們購(gòu)物花了太多時(shí)間。could have done sth “本能做某事(而實(shí)際上未做)”，表示對(duì)過去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作的一種責(zé)備或惋惜之情。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、can/could1表示能力：can表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could表示過去的能力；2表可能性：一般用于否定句及疑問句中，could也可用于肯定句，can用于肯定句中時(shí)表示理論上的可能性或一時(shí)的可能性，常譯為“有時(shí)候會(huì)”；3表示許可：could表示委婉、客氣的語氣，但回答時(shí)必須用can。Although he is only four, he can play the pianoThat can't be Mary, for she is in hospitalCan I use your computer for a while?Could I borrow your bicycle?Yes, you can/No, you can't二、may/might1表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí)，might比may更委婉、客氣；2表推測(cè)：表示把握性不大的推測(cè)，might表示的可能性比may更?。籱ay/might as well do sth “不妨做某事；還是做某事為好”。Might I use your computer?This pen may be Tom'sYou may_as_well_start at once三、shall/should1shall用于第一、三人稱作主語的疑問句中，表示征求對(duì)方的意見；2shall用于第二、三人稱作主語的陳述句中，表示命令、警告、許諾等；3shall還可用在條約、規(guī)定、法令等文件中表示規(guī)定或義務(wù)等；4should表示“應(yīng)該”，表主觀，而ought to(應(yīng)該)表示客觀；5should可表示推測(cè)，意為“應(yīng)該會(huì)；想必會(huì)”；6should還可表示驚訝、意外等，意為“竟然”。Shall he come in or wait outside?You shall hand in the report tomorrowYou should be careful when crossing the streetI don't know why you should think that I did it四、must/have to1must表示非常有把握的推測(cè)，僅用于肯定句中；2表示“必須；不得不”，must側(cè)重主觀，have to側(cè)重客觀；3must還可表示“偏要，非要”，表示說話者不耐煩或與自己愿望相反；4在回答must的問句時(shí)，否定回答通常用needn't或don't have to (mustn't表禁止，不表義務(wù))。You must be tired nowIf you must know the secret, I can tell youMust I clean the room at once?Yes, you mustNo, you needn't/don't_have_to五、will/would1表示意愿、決心等；2用于第二人稱作主語的疑問句中表示請(qǐng)求；3表示習(xí)慣或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，will表示現(xiàn)在，would表示過去；4表示按規(guī)律“注定會(huì)”。I won't argue with youWould you mind closing the door?Oil will float on waterWe would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories六、need/dareneed “需要”，dare “敢”，二者都既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。You needn't come so earlyShe dare_not go out alone at nightThat boy says it as loudly as he daresI need_to_go to Beijing this Sunday to attend a book fair七、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”結(jié)構(gòu)must have done “過去肯定/準(zhǔn)是/一定發(fā)生了”(表肯定推測(cè))，否定式為：can't/couldn't have doneshould/ought to have done “本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際未做”shouldn't/oughtn't to have done “本不該做而實(shí)際做了”needn't have done “本不必做而實(shí)際做了”might/could have done “可能做了”could have done “本來能夠做”限時(shí)25分鐘一、單句語法填空1(2018·北京高考)In today's information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company答案：can句意：在當(dāng)今信息時(shí)代，數(shù)據(jù)丟失有時(shí)會(huì)給一個(gè)公司造成嚴(yán)重的問題。can表示“有時(shí)會(huì)”。 2(2018·北京高考)They might have found a better hotel if they _ (drive) a few more kilometers答案：had driven句意：如果他們?cè)匍_幾公里的話，他們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)更好的旅館了。分析主句中might have found可知，是對(duì)過去的推測(cè)，從句中應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)，故填had driven。3(2018·天津高考)I can't find my purse I _ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure答案：could/might have left句意：我找不到我的錢包了。昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不確定。根據(jù)句子中的時(shí)間狀語“yesterday”可知，是對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)，故用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”的結(jié)構(gòu)。再根據(jù)后面的“but I'm not sure”可知，表示不太肯定的推測(cè)，故用could/might have left。4(2018·天津高考)If we _ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now答案：had caught句意：如果我們昨天趕上飛機(jī)的話，現(xiàn)在我們正在海灘享受我們的假日了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“yesterday”可知，從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故用had done。5(2018·江蘇高考)It's strange that he _ have taken the books without the owner's permission答案：should句意：真奇怪，他竟然未經(jīng)主人允許就拿走了這些書。在句型“It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that ”中，其中由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中用“should動(dòng)詞原形”。 6(2018·江蘇高考)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ (have) a second chance to become more involved答案：had句意：在這個(gè)村里有很好的社交生活，我希望還有第二次機(jī)會(huì)去更多地參與。本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，所以從句用一般過去時(shí)。7(2017·天津高考)An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “_ (be) watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment答案：(should) beinsist表示“堅(jiān)決要求”講時(shí)，后面的從句要用虛擬語氣。8(2017·江蘇高考)Son：Mum, _ we go and see a film tonight?Mother：Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online It's convenient with our new and faster network答案：shall兒子征詢媽媽的意見問是否可以晚上出去看電影。shall用在第一、三人稱的疑問句中表示征求對(duì)方的意見或者建議。9(2018·山西太原高三期末)Secondly, we _ to show our respect for our parents and do what we can to help them答案：ought句意：第二，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)尊敬我們的父母并且盡力去幫助他們。ought to “應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該”，表示一種責(zé)任和義務(wù)。10(2017·江蘇高考)_ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty答案：Were句意：如果沒有老師們的支持，這名學(xué)生不可能戰(zhàn)勝困難。此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用were；在非真實(shí)條件句中，如果if從句中有should, had或were時(shí)，可以省略if，而把should, had或were提至主語前，形成部分倒裝，故答案為Were。11(2018·河北唐山一次調(diào)研)Knowing his son's death could _ (avoid) if he had only called the doctor, he always felt he was guilty答案：have been avoided句意：得知要是他請(qǐng)了醫(yī)生的話，他兒子就不會(huì)死，他總是感到很內(nèi)疚。his son's death與avoid為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故設(shè)空處需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；設(shè)空處是對(duì)過去的事情的假設(shè)，設(shè)空處前為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，故需用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have been過去分詞”形式，因此填have been avoided。12(2016·浙江高考)_ (have) the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS­related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005答案：Had句意：如果政府和科學(xué)家沒有共同努力，與艾滋病相關(guān)的死亡就不會(huì)從2005年的最高點(diǎn)下降。本句為虛擬語氣，從句省略了if，并使用了倒裝句式。根據(jù)主句的“would not have fallen in 2005”可知，這里是表示對(duì)過去的虛擬，所以用had。13(2016·北京高考)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ (tell) me, I could have helped答案：had told句意：上個(gè)星期你為什么不告訴我你的麻煩事？如果你告訴我了，我就能幫你。表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句謂語用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have done”。14(2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf答案：can句意：Samuel是我們班里最高的男孩，他可以輕松地夠到書架頂層的書。can “能夠”，表示能力，符合語境。15(2017·天津高考)Do you have Betty's phone number?Yes Otherwise, I _ (be) able to reach her yesterday答案：wouldn't have been句意：你有Betty的電話號(hào)碼嗎？有，否則，昨天我就不能聯(lián)系到她了。設(shè)空處是對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情的虛擬，應(yīng)該用would have done結(jié)構(gòu)，此處要用否定形式。16(2017·北京高考)If the new safety system _ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened答案：had been put句意：如果新的安全系統(tǒng)被投入使用，這起事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。根據(jù)題干中的主句謂語部分“would never have happened”可知，此處是對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行虛擬，因此if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語部分應(yīng)為had done。再結(jié)合語境，可知用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。17(2017·天津高考)My room is a mess, but I _ clean it before I go out tonight I can do it in the morning答案：needn't句意：我的房間很亂，但是在今晚外出之前我不必打掃它，我可以早晨打掃。設(shè)空處表示不必，所以用needn't。18(2018·天津模擬)In winter, you _ never be too cautious when you are driving in snow答案：can句意：在冬天，你在雪地里開車時(shí)怎么小心都不過分。cannot too 表示“無論怎樣都不過分”，cannot可用can never代替。19(2018·浙江溫州八校聯(lián)考)Since you have such good preparations, there _ not be any problems about passing the coming job interview答案：should句意：既然你準(zhǔn)備得很充分，通過即將到來的工作面試應(yīng)該沒問題。根據(jù)since提供的原因“準(zhǔn)備充分”可以判斷出，此處表示應(yīng)該不會(huì)有問題，表推測(cè)，故本空填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。20(2019·鄭州質(zhì)檢)Today I am very busy I would rather that you _ (come) tomorrow答案：came句意：我今天很忙，我寧愿你明天過來。would rather后的從句用虛擬語氣，表示與將來事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去式。21(2018·哈爾濱師大附中高三二模)We waste so much time on social media, television commercials and worrying about life which we _ (use) to practice a hobby答案：could have used句意：我們把太多的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在社交媒體上、電視廣告上及對(duì)生活的擔(dān)心上，而這些時(shí)間我們本可以用來從事一個(gè)業(yè)余愛好的。本可以做某事而沒有做，使用“could have done”的形式。22(2019·昆明市高三摸底調(diào)研)When Muir discovered the Yosemite Valley in the Sierra Nevadas, it was as if he _ (come) home答案：had come句意：當(dāng)米爾在內(nèi)華達(dá)山脈發(fā)現(xiàn)了約塞米蒂山谷的時(shí)候，就好像回到了家一樣。as if連接的句子是對(duì)過去的一種假設(shè)，使用過去完成時(shí)。故填had come。 23(2018·太原市高三第二次模擬)Morgan knew that more lives _ (save) if he had been called sooner答案：might have been saved句意：摩根知道如果早點(diǎn)給他打電話的話，更多的生命將得到拯救。根據(jù)if從句是對(duì)過去的假設(shè)并分析句意可知，主句中謂語動(dòng)詞使用might have been saved。24(2018·安徽六校高三第二次聯(lián)考)But for your error, it _ (be) easier for you to pass the driving test After all, you had high quality training答案：might have been句意：要不是你的錯(cuò)誤，你可能更容易通過駕駛考試。畢竟你接受了高質(zhì)量的培訓(xùn)。此處是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬，故用might have been。 25(2018·黑龍江雙鴨山一中期中)I really thank you for your help Without it I _(succeed) in finding my lost key答案：wouldn't have succeeded句意：我真的感謝你的幫助。如果沒有你的幫助，我就不會(huì)找到丟失的鑰匙。此處是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，答案為wouldn't have succeeded。二、單句改錯(cuò)1(2016·全國(guó)卷)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby_答案：canshould或去掉can句意：一些同學(xué)建議我們?nèi)ジ浇拿麆俟袍E。suggest作動(dòng)詞，表示“建議”時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語通常用虛擬語氣，即“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”，故此處可把can改為should，也可去掉can。2(2018·吉林月考)I advised the person badly wounded sent to hospital_答案：sent前加(should) be本句中badly wounded是過去分詞短語作定語修飾person; advise后接賓語從句時(shí)用虛擬語氣，即：(should)動(dòng)詞原形。由于person與send之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用(should) be sent。3(2018·山東模擬)It is required by the rules that students should get grades not lower than 80 in any subjects in order to win the scholarship_答案：shouldshall當(dāng)宣布法律、規(guī)定時(shí)，應(yīng)用shall，意為“應(yīng)該，必須”。4(2019·邯鄲模擬)Thank you for your coming to help me tidy up my room, otherwise everything will be in a mess_答案：willwould句意：謝謝你來幫我整理房間，否則一切都會(huì)亂糟糟的。otherwise連接的句子是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬，所以應(yīng)用“would動(dòng)詞原形”。5(2018·桂林月考)My uncle is in poor health so the doctor strongly recommends that he takes a holiday_答案：takes(should) take句意：我的叔叔身體很差，所以醫(yī)生強(qiáng)烈地建議他休假。recommend意思是“建議”，后接that從句，從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，即“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”，should 可以省略。6(2018·衡水質(zhì)檢)We can't imagine that two children can be killed by the washing machine of their house_答案：canshould句意：我們無法想象兩個(gè)孩子竟然被他們家里的洗衣機(jī)絞死了。should在本句中意為“竟然”，表驚訝、意外等。7(2018·洛陽月考)It's so bad that I failed in the final exam If only I worked hard at it!_答案：worked前加had句意：我期末考試不及格，這真是太糟糕了，要是我(之前)努力學(xué)習(xí)就好了！if only后面的從句要用虛擬語氣，由failed可知，此處是對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，所以從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去分詞。8(2018·宜昌月考)If you told me that eating too many plums is not good for our health earlier, I wouldn't have a stomachache now_答案：told前加had句意：如果你早點(diǎn)兒告訴我吃太多的李子對(duì)身體不好的話，我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)胃疼了。本句是混合虛擬語氣，從句表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情的虛擬，謂語用“had done”形式，故應(yīng)在told前加had。9(2018·銀川模擬)She is always talking as though she knows everything under the sun_答案：knowsknew句意暗含她不可能知道世界上所有的事情，因此此處要用虛擬語氣，且是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬。所以句子用一般過去時(shí)。10(2019·安徽皖南八校聯(lián)考)If he should not come tomorrow, we put off the meeting till next Wednesday_答案：we后加would/could/might/should句意：如果他明天不來的話，我們將把會(huì)議推遲到下周三。對(duì)將來情況的虛擬，主句謂語用“would/should/could/might動(dòng)詞原形”。虛擬語氣一、虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的用法1基本用法2混合虛擬語氣(錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句)有時(shí)非真實(shí)條件從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不同時(shí)發(fā)生，或主從句的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)是事實(shí)，這種情況下謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自的具體情況來確定。If it had_rained last night, it would_be wet now3含蓄虛擬語氣有時(shí)非真實(shí)條件不是通過if引導(dǎo)的條件句來表現(xiàn)的，而是通過一些詞或短語來表示，如：without, but for, otherwise, but等。I couldn't_have_finished the work on time without your helpBut_for your timely warning, we would_have_got_into great trouble4非真實(shí)條件句中省略if的用法如果非真實(shí)條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞中有had, were, should，可省略if，而將had, were, should提前形成部分倒裝。Had he taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistakeShould it be sunny tomorrow, we would go hikingWere there no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth二、虛擬語氣用于其他從句中1用于表示要求、命令、建議、推薦等意義的動(dòng)詞，如：order, require, demand, suggest, advise, propose, command, request, insist, recommend等后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞為“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。由上述動(dòng)詞派生或轉(zhuǎn)化的名詞的同位語從句或表語從句中也要用虛擬語氣。The teacher ordered that all of the students (should)_be here on timeWe followed his advice that we (should)_give up the planHis suggestion is that we (should)_accept these gifts注意：suggest作“建議”講時(shí)，后面的從句用虛擬語氣；作“暗示，表明”講時(shí)，后面的從句用陳述語氣。I suggest that you (should)_come here early tomorrowAll the evidence suggested that we were rightinsist表示“堅(jiān)決要求”或“堅(jiān)持主張”之意時(shí)，其后用虛擬語氣，即(should)動(dòng)詞原形；但表示“堅(jiān)持說，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”之意時(shí)，其后使用陳述語氣。She insists that we (should)_leave at 6：00 tomorrow morning, or we might miss the flightLittle Tony insisted that he had_seen a man flying in the sky last night2在as if, as though, if only引導(dǎo)的從句及wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，與現(xiàn)在情況相反，從句謂語用過去式(be動(dòng)詞常用were)；與過去情況相反，從句謂語用“had過去分詞”；與將來情況相反，從句謂語用“would/could/might/should動(dòng)詞原形”。He works with such enthusiasm as if he were never tiredHe talked about the film as if/as though he had really seen it3在“It is desired/suggested/requested/recommended/ordered/stra