2020版高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)38 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions（含解析）新人教版選修8

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1、課時(shí)達(dá)標(biāo)(三十八) Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 建議時(shí)間/30分鐘 閱讀理解 A 課標(biāo)話題 人與社會(huì)·科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 體裁 應(yīng)用文 詞　　數(shù) 301 難度 (2019·天津九校聯(lián)考)Every November, Time magazine picks out what it calls “The 25 Best Inventions” of the year. Here, Teens has chosen some of the most interesting ones. Ember Mug It's ha

2、rd to always keep coffee at the right temperature, especially in winter. It's too hot to drink at first, but before we know it, it gets too cold and loses all its taste. The perfect level of warmth for a cup of coffee only lasts for 37 seconds, which makes the Ember Mug a great invention. It keeps y

3、our coffee or tea at a certain temperature, anywhere between 45℃ and 62℃， once you set it through a smartphone app. Tasty One Top TV cooking shows make cooking look so easy, but it's almost impossible to get the recipes to cook the same as how the professionals cook. However, the Tasty One Top DIY

4、 cooking companion is here to help. Developed by Buzzfeed, the cooker can be connected to a smartphone app, which has more than 1,700 recipes and videos. You choose a recipe and the app will let the cooker know what to do. For example, it'll tell you when to turn your steak or when to add certain in

5、gredients. Jibo Smart speakers from companies like Amazon and Xiaomi have added a lot of fun to our lives, but they're still just faceless speakers. However, Jibo, developed by MIT professor Cynthia Breazeal, has brought smart technology to life. Said to be “the world's first social robot for the

6、home”， Jibo looks like a cartoon character. Inside its “head”， there are various sensors and cameras, which allow it to recognize faces and speech. It can also set alarms, remind you of important things, tell you the weather and read news or messages from your friends and family. 語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀　本文主要介紹了《時(shí)代》周刊

7、選出的年度25個(gè)最佳發(fā)明中的最有趣的3個(gè)。 1．How can Tasty One Top help people? A．By teaching people how to cook. B．By offering people different recipes. C．By saving energy while cooking. D．By offering different kinds of cooking apps. 解析　A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tasty One Top部分最后一句可知，Tasty One Top可以教人們烹飪，故選A項(xiàng)。 2．What can Jibo p

8、robably be? A．A cartoon character.　 B．A faceless robot. C．A family assistant.　 D．A smart alarm. 解析　C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的the world's first social robot for the home及最后一句可以推知，Jibo可以充當(dāng)家庭助手，故選C項(xiàng)。 3．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To advertise high－tech products. B．To introduce some new inventions

9、. C．To encourage subscription to Time. D．To tell about some “tasty” products. 解析　B　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和下文內(nèi)容可知，本文旨在介紹幾個(gè)新發(fā)明，故選B項(xiàng)。 B 課標(biāo)話題 人與社會(huì)·科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新 體裁 議論文 詞　　數(shù) 333 難度 (2019·河南林州一中月考)We all think we know what is good, but like all definitions, its shine fades when applied to real life.

10、 What might be good for you is probably bad for someone or something else. What we usually consider to be good is rarely beneficial to everyone: it depends on who you are and where you stand. As Shakespeare said in Hamlet, there is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so. And our divers

11、e thinking on good is reflected by the 50 or more definitions for the word “good” offered by most dictionaries. The same goes for innovation. Is an innovation good if it solves your problems or lets you make money? Definitely. But what if it also causes people to lose their jobs? Or, as is more oft

12、en the case, what if after people spend days learning to use the innovation, there is little benefit, or their lives become more complicated? And then consider plastics, typewriters and televisions, innovations that have brought many good things to the world. But what if the 2－litre soda bottles res

13、ted forever in landfills, the typewriters were used to schedule trains to Auschwitz, or millions of children watched hours of televisions in lieu of reading or doing sports? Can we call these, and others like them, innovations because they're good in the largest sense? And, despite all the positive

14、revolutions they've brought to the world, personal computers leave tons of toxins and chemicals every time they're replaced by newer machines. There's no easy answer to the question whether innovation is good, leaving plenty of room for the belief of “all innovations are good” to survive. We have s

15、o much history with innovation as the driving force for our culture, economy and psychology that our confidence in innovation approximates(接近) faith. But there is at least one truth: all innovations have good and bad effects regardless of the intention of the innovators. If we accept this, we can re

16、evaluate our judgment on innovations. 語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀　本文主要論述了創(chuàng)新的好壞，作者認(rèn)為任何創(chuàng)新都有利有弊，我們可以重新評(píng)估對(duì)創(chuàng)新的判斷。 4．What's the main idea of the first paragraph? A．It's hard to please all. B．Good is a relative concept. C．There is nothing really good. D．Our thinking determines what is good. 解析　B　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三、四句可知，本段要表

17、達(dá)“好”是一個(gè)相對(duì)的概念，故選B項(xiàng)。 5．Why does the writer mention plastics, typewriters and televisions in Paragraph 2? A．All innovations benefit people greatly. B．All innovations have their negative sides. C．Not all innovations make people' lives better. D．Not all innovations are environmentally friendly. 解析　

18、B　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第二段第一句及下文可知，作者通過(guò)列舉塑料、打印機(jī)和電視，是為了說(shuō)明任何創(chuàng)新都有不好的一面，故選B項(xiàng)。 6．What does the underlined phrase “in lieu of” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Instead of.　 B．Because of. C．In favour of.　 D．In charge of. 解析　A　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，看電視和讀書、運(yùn)動(dòng)是互斥的活動(dòng)，由此可知畫線處表示“代替”，故選A項(xiàng)。 7．What does the writer intend to do in th

19、e last two paragraphs? A．To show the power of innovation. B．To question the value of innovation. C．To criticise the blind faith in innovation. D．To deny the positive effects of innovation. 解析　C　推理判斷題。作者在最后兩段主要批判了一種普遍的認(rèn)識(shí)：所有的創(chuàng)新都是好的。而作者認(rèn)為任何創(chuàng)新都有利有弊。由此判斷，作者主要是批判人們對(duì)創(chuàng)新的盲目信仰，故選C項(xiàng)。 完形填空 課標(biāo)話題 人與自我·創(chuàng)新

20、與創(chuàng)業(yè)意識(shí) 體裁 記敘文 詞　　數(shù) 279 難度 (2019·廣東仲元中學(xué)調(diào)考)I'm Alina Morse, a fifth grader from Michigan. I have always wanted to __1__ my own business. Since I was about four years old, I have been __2__ a journal of business ideas. My dad told me __3__ you want to make it happen, you need to note it down.

21、So I did. During a trip to the bank with my dad, a teller __4__ me a sugary lollipop(棒棒糖). I love candy.__5__, my dad had told me that too much sugar was bad for my teeth. So I asked, “Why can't we make some __6__ lollipops？” Every time I went to the bank and saw free candy, it was a(n) __7__ to as

22、k. At last, I __8__ my family—both of my parents have professional experience in sales and marketing—to get my idea __9__ the ground, including $47,500 in __10__ from my grandparents. Our first step was research. We spoke to __11__ and food scientists. We went into stores and searched online for in

23、formation. We __12__ that tooth decay(蛀牙) was being a serious problem in America. Then we decided to make lollipops with the teeth cleaning materials at home but it didn't __13__. So we found a factory that had the right equipment for __14__ lollipops. The idea quickly __15__. I started a company t

24、hat sells Zollipops, a kind of sugar－free lollipop, to help __16__ the risk of tooth decay. Its sales were topping $70,000 in 2014 and increasing more than four times in 2015, __17__ $300,000. We have been working to make the lollipops more stable and less __18__ in hot or wet environments. We are v

25、ery __19__because the new Zollipops will be __20__ later this year. 1．A.set up　 B．carry on C．put off　 D．take over 2．A.reading　 B．writing C．editing　 D．copying 3．A.unless　 B．whatever C．if　 D．though 4．A.bought　 B．a(chǎn)warded C．ordered　 D．offered 5．A.However　 B．Instead C．Otherwise　 D．Besides 6．A.

26、tasty　 B．healthy C．popular　 D．good－quality 7．A.predictor　 B．motivation C．indicator　 D．reminder 8．A.attended to　 B．backed up C．relied on　 D．stood by 9．A.off　 B．beyond C．a(chǎn)gainst　 D．into 10．A.charges　 B．savings C．expenses　 D．donations 11．A.dentists　 B．physicists C．chemists　 D．psychologists

27、12．A.suspected　 B．a(chǎn)ssumed C．concluded　 D．complained 13．A.end　 B．a(chǎn)ct C．fail　 D．work 14．A.inventing　 B．a(chǎn)dvertising C．producing　 D．designing 15．A.paid up　 B．paid off C．paid back　 D．paid out 16．A.reduce　 B．remove C．a(chǎn)void　 D．involve 17．A.costing　 B．valuing C．making　 D．hitting 18．A.harmful　 B．

28、sticky C．sweet　 D．poisonous 19．A.astonished　 B．confused C．a(chǎn)ppreciative　 D．excited 20．A.drawing out　 B．sending out C．coming out　 D．giving out 語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀　Alina Morse從小就很有生意頭腦，小小年紀(jì)成功創(chuàng)業(yè)，發(fā)明了健康無(wú)糖棒棒糖且銷量很好。 1．解析　A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Alina從小就很有商業(yè)頭腦，立志創(chuàng)辦自己的企業(yè)。set up創(chuàng)建，開(kāi)辦；carry on繼續(xù)；put off推遲；take over接管，故選A項(xiàng)。 2．解析　B　根據(jù)

29、空后一句可知，此處指Alina聽(tīng)從爸爸的話，從大約四歲起就開(kāi)始寫(write)關(guān)于商業(yè)理念的日記，故選B項(xiàng)。 3．解析　C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示如果(if)你想要實(shí)現(xiàn)一件事，你需要把它記下來(lái)，故選C項(xiàng)。 4．解析　D　根據(jù)常識(shí)和選項(xiàng)可知，Alina和爸爸去銀行時(shí)，一位出納員給(offer)了她一個(gè)含糖的棒棒糖。 5．解析　A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折。Alina很喜歡糖果，然而(However)爸爸卻告訴她太多的糖對(duì)牙齒不好，故選A項(xiàng)。 6．解析　B　根據(jù)上文可知，此處應(yīng)是Alina問(wèn)爸爸為什么不做一些健康的(healthy)棒棒糖，故選B項(xiàng)。 7．解析　D　根據(jù)句意可知，每次A

30、lina去銀行看見(jiàn)免費(fèi)的糖果時(shí)，都會(huì)提醒她這個(gè)問(wèn)題。reminder起提醒作用的東西，故選D項(xiàng)。 8．解析　C　根據(jù)下文可知，Alina的想法最后得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，有賴于(rely on)其家人的幫助。attend to接待，處理；back up支持；stand by忠于，支持，故選C項(xiàng)。 9．解析　A　由下文可知，在家人的幫助下，Alina的想法得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。get sth off the ground為固定搭配，意為“使某事順利開(kāi)始，開(kāi)始發(fā)生”，故選A項(xiàng)。 10．解析　B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，Alina得到了祖父母積攢的47 500美元的資助。savings存款，符合語(yǔ)境，故選B項(xiàng)。 11．解析　A

31、　根據(jù)上下文可知，Alina要做不會(huì)引起蛀牙的棒棒糖，所以她要向牙醫(yī)(dentist)和食品科學(xué)家咨詢，故選A項(xiàng)。 12．解析　C　Alina和家人進(jìn)行了一系列調(diào)查，他們得出結(jié)論(conclude)：在美國(guó)蛀牙正在成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。suspect懷疑；assume假設(shè)；complain抱怨，故選C項(xiàng)。 13．解析　D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，最開(kāi)始Alina嘗試在家做棒棒糖，但是失敗了。work有效，起作用，故選D項(xiàng)。 14．解析　C　根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，他們找了一家具有合適設(shè)備的工廠來(lái)生產(chǎn)(produce)棒棒糖。produce與上一句的make對(duì)應(yīng)，故選C項(xiàng)。 15．解析　B　根據(jù)下文可知，很快

32、Alina的想法就取得了成功。pay off取得成功，奏效；pay up付清，償還(欠款)；pay back償還；pay out付出(大筆款項(xiàng))，故選B項(xiàng)。 16．解析　A　根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，無(wú)糖棒棒糖可以減少(reduce)患蛀牙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，故選A項(xiàng)。 17．解析　D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指在2015年，公司的銷售額增加了四倍多，達(dá)到了30萬(wàn)美元。hit達(dá)到(某水平)，故選D項(xiàng)。 18．解析　B　根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，棒棒糖在高溫或潮濕環(huán)境中會(huì)融化進(jìn)而變黏(sticky)，故選B項(xiàng)。 19．解析　D　根據(jù)上文可知，Alina的公司大獲成功，因此新款的棒棒糖將要發(fā)行時(shí)，Alina和家人都十分興奮(excited)，故選D項(xiàng)。 20．解析　C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示新款棒棒糖上市。come out推出，發(fā)行；draw out(天黑)漸晚，(白晝)漸長(zhǎng)；send out發(fā)出；give out分發(fā)，故選C項(xiàng)。 7