2022年高考英語二輪總復習 第8講 非謂語動詞學案

2022年高考英語二輪總復習 第8講 非謂語動詞學案1. Bats are surprisingly long­lived creatures, some _ a life span of around 20 years. (xx浙江卷) A. having B. had C. have D. to have 【答案及解析】1. A考查獨立主格結構。句意為“令人驚訝的是，蝙蝠是長壽的動物，有些能活20年左右。”had和have是謂語動詞形式，題中沒有連詞，無法并存兩個句子。to have表將來；having表伴隨。2. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. (xx浙江卷) A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost【答案及解析】2. B考查非謂語動詞。句意為“甚至最優(yōu)秀的作家有時也會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們難以用文字表達自己。”lose是及物動詞，A、C、D項都是主動式，空格后沒有l(wèi)ose的賓語，故用過去分詞lost當形容詞用，作find themselves的賓語補足語。3. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city_by their enthusiastic supporters. (xx浙江卷) A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered【答案及解析】3. C考查非謂語動詞。句意為“如果他們贏了今晚的決賽，隊員們將會巡游全城，接受熱心支持者的歡呼?！盇項being cheered正在進行；B項be cheered是謂語原形；D項were cheered也是謂語，但句中已有謂語are going to；C項to be cheered表示將來，同時也表示被動。4. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health. (xx浙江卷) A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 【答案及解析】4. C考查if條件句的省略。【答案及解析】本句的主語是the experiment，謂語動詞是shows, that引導賓語從句，賓語從句的主干是：proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if _ regularly是插入的條件從句，其完整形式是：if it is carried out regularly，省略了it is。整個句意為：這項實驗表明，適當?shù)倪\動，如果有規(guī)律地進行，有利于我們的身體健康。 5. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. (xx浙江卷) A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing【答案及解析】5. D考查非謂語動詞。賓語從句中的主干為：young children must be in a child safety seat。under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds用于修飾賓語從句主語children。【答案及解析】動詞weigh與名詞children是主動關系，所以選擇weighing。句意：交通法則規(guī)定4歲以下并且體重不超過40磅的幼兒必須坐在幼兒安全座上。6. There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. (xx浙江卷) A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating【答案及解析】6. B考查非謂語動詞。此處是indicating 短語作evidence的后置定語，其中that music activitiesthe brain是動語indicate的賓語從句。動詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞)和動名詞統(tǒng)稱為非謂語動詞?，F(xiàn)代英語將現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞合為一大類叫做v.­ing形式。動詞不定式、過去分詞及v.­ing形式在句中均不能作謂語用，所以叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞形式多樣，應用廣泛，且在句中起著很活躍的作用，也是語法項目中的重點和難點。動詞不定式的要點1動詞不定式的形式變化 2.動詞不定式的基本用法(1)作主語：To help each other is good. 動詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用，可在句中作主語、表語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語用。(動詞不定式作主語時，一般可用it作形式主語，而將作主語的動詞不定式置于句末)，如：It is good to help each other. (2)作表語：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. (3)作賓語：作及物動詞的賓語，如：She wishes to be a musician. 作某些形容詞的賓語：這類形容詞一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking. 當動詞不定式之前有疑問詞時，就可作介詞的賓語，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? (4)作賓語補足語，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的謂語動詞為see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作賓語補足語的動詞不定式須將to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. (5)作定語：須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后，如：Is this the best way to help him?(6)作狀語：目的狀語： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 結果狀語：They lived to see the liberation of their home town. 他們活到親眼見到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的解放。動詞­ing形式的要點1­ing的形式2.­ing形式的基本用法(1)作主語：Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。(2)作表語：Her job is washing and cooking. (3)作賓語：作及物動詞的賓語。She likes drawing very much.作某些短語動詞的賓語。Mary is thinking of going back to New York. do限定詞(my, some, any, the等)v.­ing，表示“做事”之意，如：do some cleaning打掃衛(wèi)生do some shopping購物作介詞的賓語：Her sister is good at learning physics.作形容詞worth, busy等的賓語：This book is well worth reading. (4)作定語：The sleeping child is only five years old. (5)作賓語補足語：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 可以帶有這種復合賓語的動詞有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。 (6)作狀語：時間狀語：Seeing Tom, I couldn't help thinking of his brother. 分詞在句中作時間狀語時，其前一般可加when或while，如：When crossing street, you must be careful. 原因狀語：Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 方式或伴隨狀語：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 過去分詞的要點1. 作定語：如果是一個單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前；如果是分詞短語，就位于其修飾的名詞之后。如：The stolen car was found by the police last week. 2. 作表語：表示其邏輯主語所處的狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語就是句中的主語，如：The glass is broken. 3. 作賓語補足語：過去分詞作賓語補足語時，句中的賓語就是其邏輯主語，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 4. 作狀語：相當于一個狀語從句，該結構的邏輯主語一般都是主句的主語，是過去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語。為了使作狀語的過去分詞意義更加明確，常在分詞前加when, if, while, though, as等連詞，如：Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better. (we是該結構的邏輯主語，是give的邏輯賓語。) 易錯易混點1疑問詞 動詞不定式：疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動詞不定式構成不定式短語，在句中可作主語、表語或賓語，如： How_to_prevent_them_from_swimming_in_this_river is a problem. 2動詞不定式的否定式：由not 動詞不定式構成，如： It's wrong of you not_to_attend the meeting. 3v.­ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作主語、表語、賓語時的區(qū)別。 v­ing形式：表示抽象或泛指的動作。 不定式：表示具體某一次的動作。 She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to_play it today. 4v.­ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作定語的區(qū)別。v­ing形式：動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。 不定式：動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后。 The girl writing_a_letter_there can speak English very well. I have three letters to_write. 5v.­ing形式與動詞不定式在作賓語補足語時的區(qū)別。 (1)不定式作賓補時，其動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后，如： I have told them to_e again tomorrow. (2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用v.­ing形式作賓補，表示其動作正在進行中，而用不帶to的不定式作賓補時，不定式所表示的動作是一個動作的過程，如：I hear her singing in the room. 我聽見她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room. 我聽見她在屋里唱過歌。6v.­ing形式與動詞不定式在句中作狀語的區(qū)別。 v­ing形式：表示時間、原因、方式或伴隨情況。 不定式：作目的或結果狀語。 Not_receiving his letter, I wrote to him again. I looked into the window to_see what was going on inside. 7v.­ing形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別： (1)語態(tài)不同：v.­ing形式表示主動概念，及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動概念。 an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演說； the inspired audience受鼓舞的聽眾 (2)時間關系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作一般是正在進行中的動作，而過去分詞所表示的動作，往往是已經(jīng)完成的動作，如： the changing world正在變化的世界 the changed world已經(jīng)變化了的世界8獨立主格結構：有時v.­ing和過去分詞在句中也有自己的獨立的主語，這種獨立的主語一般為名詞或代詞，和v.­ing還有過去分詞構成獨立主格結構。該結構在句中一般只作狀語。 獨立主格中是使用v.­ing還是過去分詞，則要根據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動作的主動或被動關系來定，如： The_bell_ringing,_we all stopped talking. . 注意：獨立結構中的being或having been?？墒∪?，如： The_meeting_(being)_over,_all left the room. 作伴隨狀語的獨立結構?？捎脀ith短語來代替， 如： She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks. She read the letter with_tears_rolling_down her cheeks.