2022年高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 專題2 第9講 非謂語動詞學(xué)案
2022年高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 專題2 第9講 非謂語動詞學(xué)案考點歸納1:現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別 不定式(短語)作結(jié)果狀語時,前面往往有only/just修飾,表達(dá)出人意料或不情愿看到的結(jié)果;現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作結(jié)果狀語,表達(dá)合乎情理的自然的結(jié)果??键c歸納2:動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別為了表達(dá)動名詞動作的發(fā)出者,此時使用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞動名詞結(jié)構(gòu),此結(jié)構(gòu)叫做動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不作主語時,其中的名詞所有格可以改為普通格,物主代詞可改為賓格。如: my father's going alone my father going alone; our taking part in it us taking part in it?!皐ith 賓語賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)叫with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),其中賓補可由非謂語動詞(不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞),介詞,形容詞,副詞(限表方位,狀態(tài),地點的副詞)及名詞充當(dāng),在句中主要作狀語,有時可作定語。 時間、條件、原因等狀語從句的主語如果和主句的主語不相同,此時,從句的簡化只能借助于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)從句本身的主、被動關(guān)系,恰當(dāng)使用to do短語, doing 短語或done短語,并在這些短語前加上to do, doing, done的主語(即邏輯主語),這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu);獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以充當(dāng)時間、條件、原因、伴隨等狀語。 考點歸納3:非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義 詳見第7講中動詞的語態(tài)考點歸納2主動表被動的若干情形??键c歸納4:動詞接動名詞和不定式作賓語 只能接動名詞作賓語的動詞,如excuse, suggest, advise, mind, consider, admit, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, fancy, resist, practise, finish, postpone, delay, miss, risk, permit, allow等; 只能接不定式作賓語的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, refuse, pretend, decide, choose, determine, ask等;少數(shù)動詞既可以接動名詞作賓語,又可以接不定式作賓語,但意義區(qū)別很大,如: remember to do sth. “記得要做某事”, remember doing sth. “記得做過某事”; forget to do sth. “忘記要做某事”, forget doing sth. “忘記做過某事”; regret to do sth. “對要做某事感到遺憾”, regret doing sth. “對做過某事感到后悔”;mean doing sth. “意味著”,mean to do sth. “想要做某事”;try doing sth. “嘗試做某事”,try to do sth. “努力做某事”;cant help doing sth. “情不自禁做某事”,can't help (to) do sth. 不能幫助做某事;少數(shù)動詞既可以接動名詞作賓語,又可以接不定式作賓語,但意義區(qū)別不大,接動名詞作賓語時表示習(xí)慣性動作,接不定式作賓語時表示一次性動作,如:like doing sth. 表示一貫的愛好,like to do sth. 表示說話者即將去做感興趣的事情。例1:(xx·福建卷)Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent【解析】A表示與謂語動詞“were working”伴隨,且與句中主語是主動關(guān)系,故用sending。例2:(xx·福建卷)The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more fortable_. A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold【解析】 D題意:在厚度和重量上與上一代的區(qū)別使得iPad 2攜帶起來更舒適?!靶再|(zhì)形容詞不定式”是一種常用法,性質(zhì)形容詞說明不定式特征,用主動形式表示被動意義,故選D。 例3:(xx·福建卷)Tsinghua University, _in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded【解析】C題意:創(chuàng)建于1911年的清華大學(xué)是許多杰出人物的搖籃。Tsinghua University與found是被動關(guān)系,故用過去分詞作定語。 例4:(xx·上海卷)Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused【解析】A考查“keepsb. /sth. 賓補”這個結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)句意, her colleagues與amuse之間為被動關(guān)系。 例5:(xx·上海卷) I had great difficulty _ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. A. find B. found C. to find D. finding【解析】D考查固定搭配:have difficulty(in)doing sth. 做某事有困難。 【小結(jié)】 非謂語動詞是高考的必考點,主要包括不定式的時態(tài)、語態(tài);不定式作狀語、定語;動名詞作主語、賓語;動名詞與不定式作賓語;現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語,定語及補語等。 主要偏重于非謂語動詞的時態(tài),語態(tài)及所表達(dá)的邏輯關(guān)系。