2022年高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第4講 介詞學(xué)案
2022年高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第4講 介詞學(xué)案1. I always wanted to do the job which I'd been trained _. (xx浙江卷) A. on B. for C. by D. of【答案及解析】1. B本題考點(diǎn)為介詞與動詞的搭配。句意為“我總想從事我一直以來為此被訓(xùn)練的工作?!边€原定語從句部分,應(yīng)該是“I'd been trained for the job”。 train作動詞意為“訓(xùn)練”,介詞for表目的。2. I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just _. (xx浙江卷) A. by nature B. in return C. in case D. by chance【答案及解析】2. C考查介詞短語的辨析。句意為“我覺得我們以前已經(jīng)談?wù)撨^這件事情了,但是以防萬一,我還是再問你一次吧?!眀y nature天生地,天然地;in return作為回報;in case以防萬一;by chance偶然地,碰巧。介詞的種類 介詞又叫前置詞,是一種虛詞。介詞分為三種:簡單介詞,如at, in, on, beside, to, for等;短語介詞,即由兩個以上的詞組成的短語,如in front of, because of, instead of等;二重介詞,如until after, from behind等。介詞的句法功能 介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中作成分,介詞后必須與名詞、代詞或動名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)一個成分,表示人、物、事件等與其他人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。1作定語:The book _on_the_table is mine. 2作狀語:We have breakfast at_seven._(表時間)They were late for meeting because_of the heavy rain. (表原因)They started the machine by_pressing the button. (表方式) 3作表語:My dictionary is in_the_bag. 4作賓語補(bǔ)足語:I found him in_the_office. 主要介詞區(qū)別1表示時間的at, in, onat表示片刻的時間,如:at 8 o'clock,常用詞組有:at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas等。in表示一段時間,如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on總是跟日子有關(guān),如: on Monday, on Christmas morning, on May Day, on a warm morning等。2表示時間的since和fromsince表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的過程,常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。from表示從時間的某一點(diǎn)開始,一般多與現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時連用。如:I hope to do morning exercises from_today. We have not seen each other since_1995. 3. between和 among一般說來,between表示兩者之間,among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如:You are to sit between your father and me. He is always happy among his classmate 4表示“用”的in, by和withwith用于有形的工具,或身體某些器官等的方面,其后的名詞多被冠詞或物主代詞等修飾。而in常用于表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等。by后接名詞且名詞前常沒有修飾詞,名詞用原形。如:He is writing a letter with_a_pen. He wrote the letter in_pencil._We measured it in_pounds. (按磅計算)Tell me the story in_English. by hand靠手工by ship乘船by air乘飛機(jī)5as和 likeas作“作為”、“以地位或身份”解。如:Let me speak to you as a father. (事實是父親)like作“像一樣”解。如:Let me speak to you like a father. (事實上不是父親)。6in front of 和in the front ofin front of before,是“在前面”的意思(不在某物內(nèi));in the front of則是“在前部”的意思(在某物內(nèi))。如:There is a desk in front of the blackboard. The boy sat in the front of the car. 易錯易混點(diǎn)1. 表示時間的in和after 兩者都表示“在(某個時間)之后”,區(qū)別在于in表示“在(一段時間)之后”,而after則表示“在(某一具體時間點(diǎn))之后”,in短語和將來時態(tài)連用,after短語和過去時態(tài)或?qū)頃r態(tài)連用。如: We'll be back in three days. After seven the rain began to fall. 注意:after有時也可以表示在一段時間之后(常用在過去時里)。如: After two months he returned. 2. 表示地理位置的in, on, to in表示在某范圍內(nèi),on指與什么毗鄰,to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。如: Changchun is in the northeast of China. Mongolia is on_the north of China. Japan is to the east of China. 3. 表示“穿過”的through和across through表示從內(nèi)部通過;across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過。如: Water flows through the pipe. The old man walked across the street. 4. besides, except, but, except for besides指“除了還有,再加上”。如:All went out besides me. except指“除了,減去什么”。如:All went out except me. but與except意思近似,表示“除了外”,經(jīng)常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問詞后面。如: I never saw him reading anything_but the newspaper.except for表示“除以外”,跟except的區(qū)別在于其后跟的詞與前面所提到的不是同一類別。如: His diary is good except_for a few spelling mistakes. 5. for與of用于不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(1) It isadj. of sb. to do sth. sb. beadj. to do sth. 當(dāng)形容詞說明不定式邏輯主語的性質(zhì)、特征時,用of。常見的此類形容詞有:kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, considerate, polite, impolite, cruel等。(2) It isadj. for sb. to do sth. 當(dāng)形容詞說明不定式的性質(zhì)時用for。常見的此類形容詞有:possible, impossible, important, necessary等。如:It is quite important for us to protect our environment.