2022年高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第4講 介詞學(xué)案

2022年高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第4講 介詞學(xué)案1. I always wanted to do the job which I'd been trained _. (xx浙江卷) A. on B. for C. by D. of【答案及解析】1. B本題考點(diǎn)為介詞與動詞的搭配。句意為“我總想從事我一直以來為此被訓(xùn)練的工作?！边€原定語從句部分，應(yīng)該是“I'd been trained for the job”。 train作動詞意為“訓(xùn)練”，介詞for表目的。2. I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just _. (xx浙江卷) A. by nature B. in return C. in case D. by chance【答案及解析】2. C考查介詞短語的辨析。句意為“我覺得我們以前已經(jīng)談?wù)撨^這件事情了，但是以防萬一，我還是再問你一次吧?！眀y nature天生地，天然地；in return作為回報；in case以防萬一；by chance偶然地，碰巧。介詞的種類 介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。介詞分為三種：簡單介詞，如at, in, on, beside, to, for等；短語介詞，即由兩個以上的詞組成的短語，如in front of, because of, instead of等；二重介詞，如until after, from behind等。介詞的句法功能 介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中作成分，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞或動名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)一個成分，表示人、物、事件等與其他人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。1作定語：The book _on_the_table is mine. 2作狀語：We have breakfast at_seven._(表時間)They were late for meeting because_of the heavy rain. (表原因)They started the machine by_pressing the button. (表方式) 3作表語：My dictionary is in_the_bag. 4作賓語補(bǔ)足語：I found him in_the_office. 主要介詞區(qū)別1表示時間的at, in, onat表示片刻的時間，如：at 8 o'clock，常用詞組有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas等。in表示一段時間，如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on總是跟日子有關(guān)，如： on Monday, on Christmas morning, on May Day, on a warm morning等。2表示時間的since和fromsince表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的過程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。from表示從時間的某一點(diǎn)開始，一般多與現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時連用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from_today. We have not seen each other since_1995. 3. between和 among一般說來，between表示兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如：You are to sit between your father and me. He is always happy among his classmate 4表示“用”的in, by和withwith用于有形的工具，或身體某些器官等的方面，其后的名詞多被冠詞或物主代詞等修飾。而in常用于表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等。by后接名詞且名詞前常沒有修飾詞，名詞用原形。如：He is writing a letter with_a_pen. He wrote the letter in_pencil._We measured it in_pounds. (按磅計算)Tell me the story in_English. by hand靠手工by ship乘船by air乘飛機(jī)5as和 likeas作“作為”、“以地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father. (事實是父親)like作“像一樣”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father. (事實上不是父親)。6in front of 和in the front ofin front of before，是“在前面”的意思(不在某物內(nèi))；in the front of則是“在前部”的意思(在某物內(nèi))。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard. The boy sat in the front of the car. 易錯易混點(diǎn)1. 表示時間的in和after 兩者都表示“在(某個時間)之后”，區(qū)別在于in表示“在(一段時間)之后”，而after則表示“在(某一具體時間點(diǎn))之后”，in短語和將來時態(tài)連用，after短語和過去時態(tài)或?qū)頃r態(tài)連用。如： We'll be back in three days. After seven the rain began to fall. 注意：after有時也可以表示在一段時間之后(常用在過去時里)。如： After two months he returned. 2. 表示地理位置的in, on, to in表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。如： Changchun is in the northeast of China. Mongolia is on_the north of China. Japan is to the east of China. 3. 表示“穿過”的through和across through表示從內(nèi)部通過；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過。如： Water flows through the pipe. The old man walked across the street. 4. besides, except, but, except for besides指“除了還有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me. except指“除了，減去什么”。如：All went out except me. but與except意思近似，表示“除了外”，經(jīng)常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問詞后面。如： I never saw him reading anything_but the newspaper.except for表示“除以外”，跟except的區(qū)別在于其后跟的詞與前面所提到的不是同一類別。如： His diary is good except_for a few spelling mistakes. 5. for與of用于不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(1) It isadj. of sb. to do sth. sb. beadj. to do sth. 當(dāng)形容詞說明不定式邏輯主語的性質(zhì)、特征時，用of。常見的此類形容詞有：kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, considerate, polite, impolite, cruel等。(2) It isadj. for sb. to do sth. 當(dāng)形容詞說明不定式的性質(zhì)時用for。常見的此類形容詞有：possible, impossible, important, necessary等。如：It is quite important for us to protect our environment.