2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第6講 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)學(xué)案

2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第6講 動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)學(xué)案1. The school isn't the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose I'll just have to _ it. (xx浙江卷) A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with 【答案及解析】1. A考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析。句意為“這所學(xué)校并不是我原來(lái)真正想去的，但我現(xiàn)在想盡量好好利用它了。”make the best of充分利用，盡量好好去做；get away from逃離；keep an eye on照看，留心； 注意；catch up with追上，趕上。2. He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of _ at a hotel for the night. (xx浙江卷) A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up 【答案及解析】2. D考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的辨析。句意為“他決定一路駕車回家，不在旅館留宿?！眕ut down放下，平定， 鎮(zhèn)壓，記下；put off推遲；put on穿上，戴上，上演，假裝，增加；put up舉起，建立，張貼，投宿。3. The majority of people in the town strongly _ the plan to build a playground for children. (xx浙江卷) A. consider B. support C . confirm D. submit 【答案及解析】3. B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。consider考慮，思考，認(rèn)為等；support支持，擁護(hù)，維持；confirm證實(shí)，確認(rèn)；submit使屈服，使經(jīng)受。句意：鎮(zhèn)上的大多數(shù)人都積極地?fù)碜o(hù)為孩子們建造運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)的計(jì)劃。 4. After that, he knew he could _ any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability. (xx浙江卷) A. get away with B. get on with C. get through D. get across 【答案及解析】4. C考查與get相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)辨析。get away with僥幸逃脫；get on with與友好相處；get through接通，順利通過(guò)，完成；get across被理解，越過(guò)。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)那件事之后，他明白了他能盡一切可能去順利解決任何突發(fā)情況。5. The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments. (xx浙江卷) A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply【答案及解析】5. A考查動(dòng)詞搭配。adapt to適應(yīng)；appeal to吸引；attach to系在上面；apply to申請(qǐng)。句意：孩子們的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞的辨析動(dòng)詞是高考考查的重點(diǎn)，無(wú)論是單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空還是短文改錯(cuò)題型中，動(dòng)詞辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趨勢(shì)。動(dòng)詞辨析主要指：1詞形相近的動(dòng)詞之間的辨析。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2意義相近的動(dòng)詞之間的辨析。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3動(dòng)詞與其他詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨析。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4意義不同但容易混淆的動(dòng)詞的辨析。如：explain, say; discover, invent; uncover, find等。5某些常用動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨析。如：ask, give, call, make, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6某些常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。如：give in, give up; turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的要點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是指動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。需掌握以下要點(diǎn)：1根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的不同特點(diǎn)，掌握其運(yùn)用規(guī)律。(1)動(dòng)詞副詞(不及物)Harry turned_up after the party when everyone had left. 哈里在晚會(huì)后人們都已離去時(shí)才出現(xiàn)。 (2)動(dòng)詞副詞(及物)Please turn every light in the house off. 請(qǐng)把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。注意：如果賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。如：She turned_off all the lights which had been left on. 她關(guān)掉了所有還在亮著的燈。如果賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。如：She gave them away. 她把它們送人了。 (3)動(dòng)詞介詞(及物)I'm looking_for my glasses.我在找我的眼鏡。注意：當(dāng)它跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能把介詞放在賓語(yǔ)后面。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)可以放在句子或從句末尾。如：She's got more work than she can cope_with. 她的工作多得使她應(yīng)付不了。 (4)動(dòng)詞副詞介詞I look_forward_to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就能見(jiàn)到你。注意：“動(dòng)詞介詞”、“動(dòng)詞名詞副詞”、“動(dòng)詞副詞介詞”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。如：In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)這樣一來(lái)，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。 2熟悉同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同動(dòng)詞和同一介詞或同一副詞搭配在意義上的差異。(1)同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí)，意義上的差異。如：hear from收到的來(lái)信，hear of聽(tīng)說(shuō)。 look after照料，look at看，look for尋找。 (2)同一動(dòng)詞和不同副詞搭配時(shí)，意義上的差異。如：ring back回電話ring off掛斷電話ring up打電話 put away放好，收起 put on穿上，上演put up掛起，舉起(3)不同動(dòng)詞和同一介詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上的差異。如：look for尋找 ask for請(qǐng)求wait for等候 send for派人去叫 (4)不同動(dòng)詞和同一副詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上的差異。如：break out發(fā)生，爆發(fā) carry out進(jìn)行，開(kāi)展go out熄滅 hand out分發(fā)let out放出 look out當(dāng)心sell out賣完 set out出發(fā)take out取出 work out算出break down壞了 e down落下來(lái)get down下車 take down取下write down寫(xiě)下 易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)1. lay(放), lie(躺)與lie(說(shuō)謊)：這三個(gè)易混動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成見(jiàn)下表：2. rise和raise：rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式是rose，過(guò)去分詞是risen，而raise是及物動(dòng)詞，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。 3. hang的用法：hang有兩個(gè)意思：一為“懸掛”，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都是hung；二為“絞刑”，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都是hanged。 4sit與seat：seat為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是作“容納”講，sit只是表示一動(dòng)作。seat表示“就座”時(shí)要用be seated 或用seat oneself。如：They were seated at their desks.或I seated myself in the armchair. 5. win與beat：win作“勝、贏”講時(shí)其后應(yīng)接a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet等，但不能接人，如果接人則有另外的含義。如：I have won him. 即我已說(shuō)服他了，我贏得了他的好感。而beat是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“擊敗、勝過(guò)”，直接接人、隊(duì)。 6. lost, gone與missing：作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)意為“丟失、不見(jiàn)了”，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss時(shí)則不能用missed, 而要用missing。