2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第10講 定語(yǔ)從句學(xué)案

2022年高考英語(yǔ)二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第10講 定語(yǔ)從句學(xué)案1. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it somewhat differently. (xx浙江卷) A. which B. what C. them D. those 【答案及解析】1. A考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。從逗號(hào)可以看出。前面主句不缺成分，故后面部分一定為狀語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意可以判斷出后面是定語(yǔ)從句，cultures即先行詞，排除B(并非名詞性從句)、C(代詞，引導(dǎo)從句不當(dāng))、D(副詞，詞不達(dá)意)。2. A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. (xx浙江卷) A. when B. that C. where D. there【答案及解析】2. C考查定語(yǔ)從句。主句主系表結(jié)構(gòu)俱全，后面一定是起修飾作用的定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句，從句意可知是定語(yǔ)從句，且先行詞即place。而從句也不缺成分，因此用連接副詞where在從句中代替place充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。3. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. (xx浙江卷) A. whom B. which C. them D. those【答案及解析】3. A考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。由many之后的逗號(hào)和選項(xiàng)特征可知，此處是主從句關(guān)系，排除C、D項(xiàng)。由于先行詞是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意為：這里居住著將近1000人，他們中的許多人都背井離鄉(xiāng)去城市追求更好的生活了。4. I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. (xx浙江卷) A. which B. where C. how D. why 【答案及解析】4. B考查定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是a point，且在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where。定語(yǔ)從句與引導(dǎo)詞 1. 關(guān)系代詞有：that，which，who，whom，whose。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，whose作定語(yǔ)。代人的有：who，whom，whose，that；代物的有：that，which，whose。如：That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see. (whom，who，that代人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略)A dictionary is a useful book which(that) tells us the meaning of words. (which或that代物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ))2. 關(guān)系副詞有：when(指時(shí)間)，where(指地點(diǎn))，why(指原因)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk？(when可省略)The house where they live is not very large. This is the reason why he did not e to the meeting. 注意：不是所有表時(shí)間的先行詞都用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，不是所有表地點(diǎn)的先行詞都用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如：We'll visit the factory which(that) makes radios. (which或that在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，where不可作主語(yǔ)，故不可用。)They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe. (which或that在定語(yǔ)從句中作spent的賓語(yǔ)，when不可作賓語(yǔ)，故不可用。) 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，修飾主句中的某一個(gè)名詞或名詞詞組或代詞；2. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)，可以修飾主句中的某一個(gè)詞，也可修飾整個(gè)句子。3. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用that引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞不能省略。Li Ping's father, who_works_in_a_factory,_is an engineer. He tore up my photo, which_made_me_very_angry. (which指代主句內(nèi)容，指他撕毀我照片這件事。)He is good at physics, as is known to us all. (as指代主句內(nèi)容，指他物理很好這件事。) which與as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 1. which可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面主句中講到的整件事。引導(dǎo)的從句不能放在句首。She didn't e yesterday, which made me very angry. 2. as也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，來(lái)指代整件事，引導(dǎo)的從句可放在句首也可放在句中，有“正如”的意思。As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China. He came in time, as we expected. 注意：在as is known to all, as we all know，as is expected, as is mentioned above, as it is這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中as不可換為which。which與as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 只用that引導(dǎo)和不用that引導(dǎo)的場(chǎng)合1. 只用that引導(dǎo)的場(chǎng)合(1)當(dāng)先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)：He talked about the_men_and_the_books that attracted him. (2)指物的先行詞被any, every, only, very, all, no等修飾時(shí)：These are the very points that interest me. (3)指物的先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)：The first_ step that we are to take is very difficult. (4)先行詞是指物的不定代詞all，little，few，much及everything，anything，nothing等時(shí)：There is still much that can be done about it. (5)先行詞是who時(shí)：Who that have seen him does not like him?(6)為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)：They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution. (7)先行詞在句中作表語(yǔ)而且關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中也作表語(yǔ)時(shí)：Shanghai is not the city that it used to be. 易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)1. “介詞關(guān)系代詞”用法 (1)介詞的確定應(yīng)依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中短語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣性搭配，如： Who is the girl with whom you just shook_hands？(shake hands with是習(xí)慣性搭配) (2)介詞常受先行詞的制約(即介詞和先行詞的搭配)，如： He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. (through which 即study through the telescope)(3)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作“動(dòng)詞介詞”固定短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，此時(shí)固定短語(yǔ)中的介詞不能拆開(kāi)移到關(guān)系代詞前。如： This is the watch which you're looking_for. He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend_on. 2. 幾個(gè)名詞后的引導(dǎo)詞 (1) situation, stage, case, point，occasion等要注意具體情況具體分析，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)用that/which；作狀語(yǔ)用where/when/介詞 which。 Can you imagine a situation where/in_which you can use the word？(狀語(yǔ)) There is one point that I must insist on. (賓語(yǔ))(2) way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，也可省略。 Do you know the_way (in which/that/how) he worked out the problem? (3)“the same名詞”，“such名詞”，“as名詞”后通常用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 I have the same dictionary as you (have). Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.