2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 定語(yǔ)從句學(xué)案

課題名稱定語(yǔ)從句學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)： 掌握定語(yǔ)從句的基本含義及各種關(guān)系詞的用法學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)： 對(duì)關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞的熟練掌握，作定語(yǔ)從句題的方法的熟練運(yùn)用典型例題及解題分析:1. The factory was built in a secret place， around _ high mountains.A. which was   B. it was C. which were         D. them were容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和 it 誤認(rèn)為是其后句子的主語(yǔ)。分析最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一個(gè)由“介詞+which”引出的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而在該從句中，主語(yǔ)是 high mountains，around which 是表語(yǔ)，所以句子謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)were，而不是用單數(shù) was.請(qǐng)做以下類例題目（答案均為C）：（1） Yesterday we visited a modern hospital， around _ some fruit shops.A. which is      B. it is C. which are         D. them are（2） The murder happened in an old building， beside _ the city police station.A. which are     B. it is C. which is        D. them are2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked， “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？”A. that       B. which C. where           D. what陷阱容易誤選 B，認(rèn)為 around 是介詞，選 which 用以代替前面的名詞 hospital，在此用作介詞 around 的賓語(yǔ)。分析最佳答案為C.以上語(yǔ)法分析并不算錯(cuò)，但問(wèn)題是，照此分析，此句的意思即為：有沒(méi)有這樣一個(gè)醫(yī)院，我在它的附近可以買藥治我的手傷？這樣的語(yǔ)境顯然有點(diǎn)不合情理，因?yàn)槿藗兺ǔＪ窃卺t(yī)院里面治傷，而不是在醫(yī)院附近治傷。此題選 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為“在附近”；其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital，句意為：附近有沒(méi)有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷3. _ is known to everybody， the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It             B. As C. That          D. What分析最佳答案是 B.as 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。比較下面一題：_ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It           B. As C. That                D. What此題答案選 A，it 為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的 that 從句。再比較下面一組題，其中第（1）題選 B，第（2）題選 D：（1） _ is mentioned above， the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A. Which        B. As C. That           D. It（2） _ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A. Which        B. As C. That       D. It4. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like.A. that        B. who C. as           D. whom陷阱此題容易誤選A，許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such，再聯(lián)系到選項(xiàng)中的 that，便認(rèn)為這是考查such that 句式。況且，這樣理解意思也還通順。分析最佳答案為C，不是A，因?yàn)樵趕uch that （如此以至）結(jié)構(gòu)中，that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，并且 that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，若在上句填入 such that ，句末的動(dòng)詞 like 缺賓語(yǔ)。選C的理由如下：as 用作關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾其前的名詞 boy，同時(shí) as 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞 like 的賓語(yǔ)，句意為“所有老師都喜歡的一位好男孩”。有的同學(xué)可能還會(huì)問(wèn)，假若選A，能否將其后的 that 視為引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞呢？不能，因?yàn)楫?dāng)先行詞受到 such 的修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 as 來(lái)引導(dǎo)，而不用that.比較下面一題，答案為A，因?yàn)?like 后有自己的賓語(yǔ) him：David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him.A. that       B. who C. as           D. whom5. The buses， most of _ were already full， were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. that           B. it   C. them             D. which分析最佳答案是D.most of which were already full 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 the buses.類似地，以下各題也選D：（1） His house， for _ he paid $10， 000， is now worth $50， 000.A. that          B. it C. them       D. which（2）Her sons， both of _ work abroad， will come back home this summer.A. that        B. who C. them        D. whom7. He had a lot of friends， only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whom           B. them C. which          D. who分析最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 invited 并不是一個(gè)完整的謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在 invited 前加上助動(dòng)詞 were，則是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，答案便應(yīng)選A.7. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park， _ parents seated together joking.A. their        B. whose C. which            D. that分析最佳答案是A.與上面一題相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞 seated 不是謂語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞，因?yàn)?seat 作動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞。比較以下相似題：8. She says that shell never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company.A. which           B. when C. how               D. where分析正確答案為A.在時(shí)間名詞和地點(diǎn)名詞后是否用關(guān)系副詞要看它在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么句子成分。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，若用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞；若用作狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞。上面一題中的動(dòng)詞 spent 缺賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞 which或that.比較下面一題，由于空格后的句子不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，所以選關(guān)系副詞when：1. (09全國(guó)II) My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him.A. which B. that C. where D. it2. (09安徽)Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom3. (09北京)What do you think of teaching, Bob?I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.A. where B. Which C. When D. that4. (09福建)Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where5. (09湖南)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. whichB. of whichC. thatD. whose6. (09江蘇)Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A. ifB. when C. which D. since7. (09遼寧)Theyve won their last three matches, _ I find a bit surprising actually.A. that B. when C. what D. which8. (09全國(guó)I)She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.A. them B. who C. whom D. these9. (09全國(guó)II) My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him.A. which B. that C. where D. it10. (09山東)Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A. who B. which C. when D. that11. (09陜西)Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time .A. of which     B. with which    C. about which     D. into which12. (09上海)Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now.A. where B. when C. there D. which13. (09四川)Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.A. that B. which C. where D. when14. (09天津)A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever15. (09天津)I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.A. as B. which C. when D. though16. (09浙江)I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. which B. where C. how D. why17. (09重慶)Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where