2020高考英語一輪復習同步攻關(guān) Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note學案 必修3

Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note導讀：Mark Twain是美國最偉大的作家之一，以他的智慧和機智聞名于世。從他的作品以及他自己對The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(湯姆·索亞歷險記)的詮釋中，可以了解到其寫作的獨特風格。通過對百萬英鎊的閱讀，你就可以看出資本主義國家爾虞我詐，拜金主義的丑惡形象。你知道英語諺語中的Money can make a mare to go 是什么意思嗎？Mark Twain, an American writer, novelist and humorist, published more than 30 books, hundreds of short stories and essays and gave lecture tours around the world throughout his career. During his whole life, Mark Twain carried on many kinds of jobs. From 1864, he became a reporter and travelled inEurope. By the end of his life in 1910, he had become known as the perfect example of American author.Behind the mask of humour and satire(諷刺), his writing often criticized(批評，抨擊) social morals, politics and human nature, making his literature a unique(獨特的)reflection(反映)of the American experience in the latter part of the nineteenth century.The writer's introduction to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)Most of the adventures recorded in this book really happened; one or two were experiences of my own, the rest those of boys who were schoolmates of mine. Huck Finn is drawn from life; Tom Sawyer also, but not from an individual he is a combination of the three boys whom I knew.Although my book is intended mainly for the entertainment of boys and girls, I hope it will not be shocked by men and women, for part of my plan hasbeen to try to pleasantly remind adults of what they once were themselves, and of how they felt and thought and talked, and what strange adventures they sometimes took part in.請根據(jù)語義及提示寫出單詞 1. He is very rich though he is always in r_.2. They shouldn't treat their mother in a rude m_. They should respect her.3. I'm sorry, I can't give you the phone number without her _(permit).4. This kind of work needs _ (patient) and carefulness.5. The little boy was curious about the ants working in the field. He _ (專注地看著) at them.6. Seeing the happy _(場面) of children playing in the park, I'm full of joy and confidence in the future of our country.rags 2. manner 3. permission4. patience 5. stared 6. scene請根據(jù)語義寫出短語1. bring _ 養(yǎng)大2. _ ahead 前進3. _ accident 偶然4. _ at 盯著看，凝視5. on_ of 由于6. on the _ 與此相反7. take a _冒險8. in _ 衣衫襤褸9. as _關(guān)于；至于up 2. go 3. by 4. stare5. Account 6. contrary7. chance8. rags9. for1. Twain loved the river so much that even his pen name is about the river. (P17)2. his eyes stare at what is left of the brother's dinner on table(P18)3. it is wellknown that Americans like to eat a lot. (P22) permit v&n.根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1) We don't permit middle school students to surf the Internet to play computer games.(2) Hurry up! Our teacher permitted us only twenty minutes to finish the work.根據(jù)語義找匹配允許B. 準許(1) A(2) B permit v&n.鏈接permit vt. 允許，許可 n. 通行證；許可證；執(zhí)照permission n. 允許；準許短語permit sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事permit doing sth. 允許做某事permit of許可；準許ask for permission 請求允許with/without one's permission在某人的準許下/沒獲得某人的允許 permit v&n.辨析allow/permitallow所表示的“允許”通常含有聽任、默許、個人不加阻止之意；The students in this school are not allowed to surf the Internet in the Net bar.permit含有(文件、上級規(guī)定)的“允許”，帶有客觀意味，語氣較強。The nurse allowed him to stay there, though it was not permitted. permit v&n.溫馨提示(1) permit 作為動詞和作為名詞時的發(fā)音不同。(2) 作為名詞的permit與permission的語義不同。(3) 注意allow, permit, forbid和advise所構(gòu)成的基本句式是相同的。以allow為例：sb. sth.doing sth. 形容詞性物主代詞(one's) doing sth. 賓格代詞(如him) to do sth.sb. is allowed to do sth. permit v&n.allow完成句子(1)除非你有許可證，未經(jīng)允許不能在此處停車。You are not _ to park here without _ unless you have a _.(2)天氣允許的話，我們就出去郊游。你們跟我們一塊去如何？Weather _， we will go out for an outing. What about you going with us?(1) allowed; permission; permit(2) permitting permit v&n.單項填空()(3) Jim's father didn't _ him to join the school football team.A. let B. promiseC. permit D. hopeC考查動詞的搭配。let sb. do讓某人干某事； promise sb. to do向某人許諾干某事，意思不符；hope不用動詞不定式作賓補；permit sb. to do sth.允許某人干某事。 permit v&n.根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1) Don't scold yourself too much, you know, nobody lives without any fault.(2) It's my fault to have you waiting for so long a time. fault n.根據(jù)語義找匹配錯誤 B. 過失(1) A(2) B fault n.短語find fault with 挑的毛??；找茬；對挑剔；對吹毛求疵in/at fault 有錯；有責任be one's fault 是的過錯句型It's one's fault to do sth. 做某事是某人的過錯。 fault n.辨析fault/ mistake/ wrong/ errorfault n. 強調(diào)行為上的過失以及過失的責任或品質(zhì)方面的缺點。Many people live in poverty through no fault of their own.mistake n. 多指缺乏正確理解造成行動上或認識上的錯誤或因粗心而導致的。固定搭配by mistake。 fault n.Sorry, here is your umbrella. I took it by mistake.wrong adj. 錯誤的； n. 毛病；冤屈Don't do wrong to anybody, otherwise you will answer for it.error 強調(diào)的是道德上的過失或行為、信仰上的錯誤。固定搭配in error。The accident was caused by human error. fault n.用fault/mistake/wrong/error的正確形式填空(1) 是你的過錯導致了這樣的錯誤。It's your _ to make such a _.(2) 他的話使我們誤入歧途。What he said led us into _.(3) 他就是這樣的一個人，總是找別人的茬。He is such a man who is always finding _ with other people.(1) fault; mistake(2) errors(3) fault fault n.單項填空()(4) “I don't think it's my_ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, that's all，” said the boy.A. error B. mistake C. fault D. dutyC本題考查的是同義詞辨析。 error, mistake側(cè)重于“錯誤”，即做得不對、不妥；而fault側(cè)重于造成錯誤的個人責任；duty則是指義務、該做的事。這個男孩說：“我認為電視機爆炸不是我的責任。我只是把它打開，僅此而已?！闭f明不是我的過錯而造成的，所以答案是C。 fault n. spot n&v.根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1) He spotted a friend in the street and went over to her.(2) No one spotted that the banknote was fake.(3) There are spots even on the sun. (4) There are a lot of spots to visit in such an old city.(5) The scandal(丑聞) spotted his character.(6) Whenever she was in a spot she turned to him for help.(7) He answered the question on the spot.根據(jù)語義找匹配A. 看見B. 發(fā)現(xiàn)C. 場所，景點D. 污點E. 玷污 F. 現(xiàn)場 G. 困境(1) A(2) B(3) D(4) C(5) E(6) G(7) F spot n&v.短語hot spot 熱點on the spot 在現(xiàn)場；立刻，當場a spot of 少許；少量in a spot 陷入麻煩 spot n&v.單項填空()The tomato juice left a brown _ on the front of my jacket.A. track B. trace C. spot D. pointC考查名詞的辨析。track行蹤，小徑，軌道；trace蹤跡，足跡，痕跡；spot斑點，污點，地點；point點，尖。根據(jù)語境：番茄汁在我的夾克前留下了褐色的斑點。所以答案是C。 spot n&v. account n&vt.根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1) Recent pressure may account for his behavior.(2) I paid money into my account this morning.(3) The advertising agency has lost several of its most important accounts.(1) C(2) B(3) A根據(jù)語義找匹配A. 客戶B. 賬戶C. 說明(的原因) account n&vt.短語on account 賒賬on your own account 靠自己on account of 由于on no account 絕不；絕無理由 (在句首需倒裝)from/by all accounts 根據(jù)大家的說法；根據(jù)各種報道open an account (在銀行)開個賬戶of no account 不重要 account n&vt.give a full account of 對進行詳細的說明take account of takeinto account 考慮到account for 解釋，說明(的原因) account n&vt.單項填空()_ should any money be given to a small child.A. On no account B. From all accountsC. Of no account D. By all accountsA考查名詞詞組。 on no account決不可以；from all accounts和by all accounts均意為“根據(jù)各種說法”；of no account不重要，通常作表語或定語。 account n&vt. patience n.根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1) I will be through with it in a little while. Have a little patience.(2) After waiting for half an hour, he was beginning to lose patience.根據(jù)語義找匹配耐心B. 忍耐力(1) B(2) A patience n.鏈接patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人patiently adv. 有耐心地短語be patient with sb. 對某人有耐心with patience 耐心地have no patience with 對忍無可忍 patience n.根據(jù)語境，用patient的正確形式填空The doctor explained to the (1)_ with (2)_ “Take your time. I am (3)_ with you. You have to wait (4)_”(1)patient名詞 “病人”；(2) patience 名詞 “耐心”；(3) patient 形容詞 “耐心的”；(4) patiently副詞 “耐心地”。本題的語義是：醫(yī)生耐心地給病人解釋，慢慢來，我對你是有耐心的。你得要耐心等待。 patience n. bring up根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1) He will be brought_up by the government after his parent has been killed in the earthquake.(2) If you have any suggestion about the project, please bring it up at the next meeting.(3) Click with the right mouse button to bring_up a new menu.根據(jù)語義找匹配A. 調(diào)出B. 撫養(yǎng)C. 提出(1)B(2)C(3)A bring up短語bring about 導致，引起，造成bring along (隨身)帶來bring back 歸還，恢復，使想起bring forward 提出bring down 使倒下，降低，減少bring in 帶進來，賺得，引進bring out 拿出，說出，闡明，使(思想)轉(zhuǎn)變 bring up辨析bring/take/fetch/carrybring “帶來”，強調(diào)從遠處到近處。Don't forget to bring your textbook next time.take “帶走”， 強調(diào)從近處到遠處。This type of computer is out of date, please take it away and bring an uptodate one.fetch “去拿來”，強調(diào)一去一回。Sorry, I have forgotten to bring my textbook here. Would you please fetch it for me in my office. bring upcarry “攜帶，搬運，傳送”，一般指隨身帶著，沒有方向性。We often help the old man carry water after school. bring up用bring/take/fetch/carry的正確形式填空(1) I asked Lily to _ me a Chinese book, but she _ me an English book, so I told her to _it back to the teacher's office.fetch; brought; take bring up單項填空()(2) The Internet has brought _ big changes in the way we work.A. about B. outC. back D. upA本句話的語義是：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)給我們的工作方式帶來了一些大的變化。bring about導致，引起，造成； bring out拿出，說出，闡明； bring back 歸還，恢復，使想起； bring up 撫養(yǎng)；提出，所以答案是A。 bring up()(3) Can you make a sentence to _ the meaning of the phrase?A. show off B. turn outC. bring out D. take inC本句話的語義是：你能造個句子說明這個短語的語義嗎？show off 炫耀，張揚；turn out證明，生產(chǎn)，出版，結(jié)果是，造就；bring out拿出，說出，闡明；take in 吸收，蒙騙，所以答案是C。 bring up(1) 是英語口語中的一個常用短語，用于鼓勵對方去做或說，有“請吧”、“做吧”或“說吧”之意。 I wonder if you'd mind us asking you a few questions. Go right ahead.(2) 用于問路，表示“一直往前走”。 Excuse me, sir. Can you show me the way to the station? Go ahead until you come to the traffic lights and go aheadthen turn left.勞駕，到火車站怎么走呢？一直往前，到紅綠燈時向左拐。(3) go ahead還可表示“著手干；取得進展”的意思，同with連用可表示“繼續(xù)做”。After a short break, they went ahead with their experiment.稍事休息后，他們又繼續(xù)做實驗。 go ahead溫馨提示在回應別人向你借東西時，表示“請便，隨便拿吧”，我們要用help yourself。短語go against 違背；對不利 (無被動語態(tài))go after 追趕；追求go around (疾病的)傳播； 流傳go about 著手做；處理go away 出去go by 走過去； (時間)流逝；按照，根據(jù)作判斷 go aheadgo in for 愛好；對感興趣；參與go out 出去； (火、燈等)熄滅go over 檢查；復習；批閱go through 穿過；通過；瀏覽；翻閱；經(jīng)歷go up 上升；上漲；往上走go without 沒有也行g(shù)o on 繼續(xù)； 從事； (時間)流逝go down (價格) 下降；(太陽)落山go with 與相配 go ahead單項填空()(1) Why not go to a concert about rock'n'roll with us tonight? Thank you, but I don't _ rock 'n' roll. It's much too noisy for my taste.A. go after B. go away withC. go into D. go in for go aheadD考查與go相關(guān)的短語。本句的語義是： 今晚為何不與我們一起去聽一場搖滾音樂會呢？ 謝謝，但是我不喜歡搖滾樂。它太鬧騰而不適合我的口味。go after 追趕；追求；go away with和某人一起出去；go into走進；go in for 愛好；對感興趣；參與，所以答案是D。 go ahead()(2) Would you please _ this form for me to see if I've filled it in right?A. take off B. look afterC. give up D. go over go aheadD本題語義是：替我仔細檢查一下這個表格看看我是否填對了。take off 脫下(衣物)，(飛機)起飛，(事業(yè))騰達；look after 照料； give up放棄； go over 復習，仔細看，所以答案是D。()(3) I've studied growing plants as one of my interests. Could I make some suggestions? _.A. You will make it B. Go right aheadC. Don't mention it D. Take it easy go aheadB考查交際用語。本題語義是： 我已把學習種莊稼作為興趣之一。我可以提出一些意見嗎？ 提吧。You will make it你會搞定的；Go right ahead鼓勵對方去做；Don't mention it多用于對感謝的回應，表示“區(qū)區(qū)小事，何足掛齒”之意；Take it easy多用于對焦慮的勸慰，表示“別著急”。 go ahead()(4) Didn't you have a good time at the party? Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to _ so quickly.A. go by B. go away C. go out D. go over go aheadA考查與go相關(guān)的短語。本句的語義是： 難道在聚會時玩得不開心嗎？ 當然開心嘍。實際上，我玩得是那么的開心，時間好像很快就過去了。go by(時間)流逝；go away離開； go out出去； go over 復習，仔細看，所以答案是A。 It is the summer of 1903. (P17)那是1903年的夏天。summer是季節(jié)名詞。一般地說，表示一年四季的季節(jié)名詞前不能加冠詞。It is cold in winter, and hot in summer here.這兒的氣候是冬寒夏熱。但在下列情況下，要加冠詞：(1) 當這些名詞表示的是一段時間而不表示季節(jié)概念時。I appreciate spending the summer in Qingdao in summer. summer我特別喜歡夏季在青島過夏天。(2) 具體的某一季節(jié)。In the spring of 1998, an old man came here. Since then great changes have taken place.在1998年的春天，一位老人來到這里，從此以后就發(fā)生了天翻地覆的變化。(3) 固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。在all through / throughout 介詞后，表示“一整個”的意思。 summerThey will sleep all through / throughout the winter.他們會睡一整個冬天。 summer Who? Me, sir? (P17)先生，你叫誰呀？是叫我嗎？一般地說，人稱代詞作主語用其主格；作賓語用其賓格；作定語用其形容詞性物主代詞；用名詞性物主代詞以代替“形容詞性物主代詞先行詞”。 但在口語中，現(xiàn)代語言學家認為：在無動詞的句子里，往往用代詞的賓格形式。 Would you lend me your hand? Me? Of course. I can.你能給我?guī)拖旅?？我嗎?當然可以。 Me his eyes stare at what is left of the brother's dinner on table(P18)他的眼睛盯著兄弟倆留在餐桌上的殘羹剩菜你知道句中的at what為什么不用at which嗎？問題的關(guān)鍵是要搞清楚是介詞的賓語從句還是定語從句。如果是介詞的賓語從句，它所構(gòu)成的是“介詞連接詞”；如果是定語從句，它所構(gòu)成的是“介詞關(guān)系代詞”。其前沒有名詞或代詞時，它只可能是“介詞連接詞”所構(gòu)成的賓語從句。其前有名詞或代詞時，我們可以把這個名詞放到介詞后，再把它代入 at what到從句中，看看是否成立，成立就是定語從句，指人，用whom；指物，就用which，如：You have written a perfect composition except that there are some spelling mistakes.除了一些拼寫錯誤以外，你的作文是無可挑剔的。(無法把composition放到介詞except后，所以是賓語從句，從句中不缺少句子成分，也沒有語義的丟失。) at whatI will go to the farm on which I will work with the farmers for two years.我要去農(nóng)場，在那兒我要和農(nóng)民們一起勞動兩年。(the farm可以放入到介詞on后，再代入從句中，可以放在地點狀語的位置，所以是定語從句，指物，用which。) at what用恰當?shù)倪B接詞或關(guān)系詞填空(1) I often go out for a walk after dinner every day except _ it was raining.(2) I'll never forget the days in _ we worked together.(1) when(2) which at what根據(jù)語境猜詞義(1) If you compare house prices in the two areas, it's quite amazing how different they are.(2) Compare some recent work with your older stuff and you'll see how much you've improved.(3) The rides at the fair just can't compare with the rides at Disneyland.(4) Poets have compared sleep to death. compare v.根據(jù)語義找匹配把與比較B. 把比作C. 比較D. 和某人 / 某事相比或值得相比(1) C(2) A(3) D(4) B compare v.短語compare A with B/compare A and B 把 A 與 B 比較compare A to B 把A比作Bcompare with sb. / sth.和某人、某事相比或值得相比beyond compare 無可比擬；舉世無雙鏈接compare v. 比較， 對照，比喻comparison n. 比較， 對照，比喻，比較關(guān)系comparative adj. 相對的comparatively adv. compare v.單項填空()(1) When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A. compared B. being comparedC. comparing D. having compared compare v.C本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語的用法。其語義是：在比較不同的文化時，我們經(jīng)常僅僅注意它們之間的不同之處而忽略了許多相似之處。依據(jù)“連接詞分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的分詞選擇原則，我們只需考慮分詞與主語的邏輯關(guān)系。主動，用v.ing形式；被動，用v.ed形式?！拔覀儭焙汀氨容^”是主動關(guān)系，所以答案是C。 compare v.()(2) _with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.A. Compare B. When comparingC. Comparing D. When comparedD本題考查非謂語動詞作狀語的用法。其語義是：與整個地球面積相比，最大的海洋似乎一點都不大了。依據(jù)“連接詞分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的分詞選擇原則，排除B、C；又由于是狀語，不能用祈使句，排除A，所以答案是D。 compare v. The old bridge isn't strong enough to allow the passage of heavy vehicles. (P20)這座古橋不夠結(jié)實不允許重型車輛通過。本句含有notenough to do sth.句式，表達“不夠而不能”的語義。有時還可以用“notenough for”表達。The kid is not old enough to go to school.這個小孩年齡不夠大而不能上學。He is not tall enough for the apple on the shelf.他個頭不高而夠不到櫥柜上的蘋果。 notenough to溫馨提示在形成can't / neverenough句式時，我們要特別注意對它的語義理解。它所表達的意思是：“怎么樣都不為過”或“越越好”。One can't be careful enough.一個人怎么小心都不為過。(越認真越好。) notenough to Yes, that's right. (P22)是的，沒錯。辨析That's right/That's all right/All rightThat's right 對上述意見的贊同，表示“沒錯、你說得對、對”的意思。可以用 You are right 或Right 代替。 No road is long with company. That's right.That's all right 是對道歉的應答，表示“沒關(guān)系”的意思。 that's right James, I am sorry I used your computer when you were away this morning. That' all right.All right 是對別人請求做某事的同意，表示“行、可以”的意思。 Can you go out for a walk with us after supper? All right. that's right it is wellknown that Americans like to eat a lot.眾所周知美國人就喜歡大吃大喝。這是It is ved that所構(gòu)成的主語從句句式。it是形式主語，thatclause是真正的主語。由于主語從句太長，為了避免頭重腳輕現(xiàn)象而采取的修辭手段。it只能用it，不能用其他代詞；that不可省略，也不是固定不變的，它要依據(jù)從句中缺少的句子成分加以變化，所以在處理這一問題時，我們一定不要思維定勢。It is known that he is the top student in our class.眾所周知他是我們班出類拔萃的學生。 it is wellknown thatIt is unknown what he is murmuring.沒人知道他嘟噥著什么。It's suggested that the meeting (should) be put off on account of the heavy rain.有人建議由于這場大雨而推遲會議。 it is wellknown that短語It is said that 據(jù)說It is reported that 據(jù)報道It is announced that 據(jù)宣稱It is suggested that 有人建議 注意從句要用虛擬語氣，其形式是(should)do sth. it is wellknown that溫馨提示要注意另外的兩個相似句式：As is ved, What is ved is thatAs is reported, there are 12 persons killed in the traffic accident, including a tenmonth baby.What's reported is that there are 12 persons killed in the traffic accident, including a tenmonth baby. it is wellknown that單項填空()(1) _ is known to the world is _ Mark Twain is a great American writer.A. It; that B. What; /C. As; / D. What; that it is wellknown thatD考查連接詞的選擇。本題的語義是：全世界都知道馬克·吐溫是美國的一位偉大的作家。在第二個is之前是一個主語從句。主語從句中所缺少的是主語，指事，所以用what。第二個空在is之后是表語從句，從句中不缺少成分，也沒有語義的丟失，所以用that，因此答案是D。 it is wellknown that()(2) _ has been announced, we must hand in our graduation papers before the end of June.A. As B. ItC. Which D. What it is wellknown thatA考查從句連接詞的選擇。本題的語義是：正如所宣布的那樣，我們在6月底之前必須交論文。依據(jù)“兩句話之間沒句號，必須有連接詞”的原則，排除B; 根據(jù)語境，能代替we must hand in our graduation papers before the end of June應是一個非限制性定語從句，在句首時，只能用as，所以答案是A。 it is wellknown that Well, that's very kind of you. (P22)噢，那就太謝謝您啦。在交際英語中，這往往被用來向別人對你的好意表示感謝的用語。它的回應是It's a /my pleasure. / My pleasure. 在這里要注意that 的使用。因為它所代表的是上文所做的事情，所以它往往要用that而不用it。 it是形式主語，它所代表的是to do sth. 。 You have given me so much help. That's very kind of you. My pleasure. that's very kind of you.It's very kind of you to help me.You have given me so much help, which is very kind of you. please forget it. (P22)請把它忘了吧。/就別想那件事啦。這是交際英語中常用的一句話。表示不要再想著說過的話或做過的事情。 I'd like to take a week's holiday.我想度一周的假。 Forget it, we're too busy.別提那檔事啦。我們太忙了。 please forget it溫馨提示Don't mention it. 通常用在對感謝或道歉的交際活動中。有著“區(qū)區(qū)小事，何足掛齒”之意。 Thank you for having given me so much help.謝謝您給了我那么多的幫助。 Don't mention it.區(qū)區(qū)小事，何足掛齒。