2020屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 學(xué)通語法 第四講 定語從句 新人教版

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1、第四講 定語從句 單句語法填空 1．(2020·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 2．(2020·廣東高考語法填空)When harvest came around, he was already selling herb

2、s, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the towns met regularly. 3．(2020·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit which/that is driving your family crazy. 4．(2020·廣東高考語法填空)Nick’s guests, who had heard their conversation, asked why they shoul

3、d not buy salt more cheaply if they could. 5．(2020·江蘇高考改編)The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 6．(2020·四川高考改編)The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 7．(2020·陜西高考改編)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing

4、for the time when he should be able to be independent. 8．(2020·重慶高考改編)He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s. 一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1．who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句 (1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在從句中作主語或賓語，whom在從句中作賓語；兩者在引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)?？捎胻hat替換。作主語時(shí)，who/that不可省略；作賓語時(shí)，whom/who/t

5、hat可以省略。 ①I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. 我與好幾位去年在英語演講比賽中結(jié)識的同校同學(xué)成了好朋友。 ②I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards. 我有很多打算寄賀卡給他們的朋友。 (2)whose表所屬關(guān)系，一般指人，也可指物，在從句中作定語。指物時(shí)相當(dāng)于of which；指人時(shí)相當(dāng)

6、于of whom。 The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. 這家校內(nèi)商店的主要顧客是學(xué)生，放假時(shí)商店關(guān)門。 2．that, which引導(dǎo)的定語從句 (1)which指物，在從句中可以作主語、賓語，也可作定語，作賓語時(shí)可以省略。that指人或物均可，在從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語，作賓語時(shí)可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three ye

7、ars before. 她帶著這些游客參觀了那座三年前建造的博物館。 (2)限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只用that 不用which的情況： ①先行詞為不定代詞anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等時(shí)。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 我拒絕接受因別人的錯(cuò)誤而對我進(jìn)行的指責(zé)。 ②先行詞是形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞，或先行詞前有形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

8、 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他們在桂林參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。 ③先行詞被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修飾時(shí)。 The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 這頓飯只有甜點(diǎn)是我真正愛吃的。 ④先行詞中既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時(shí)。 They will

9、never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他們將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記在他們的長途旅行中見到或聽說過的人和事。 (3)關(guān)系詞只用which而不用that的情況： ①關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。 The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much. 這個(gè)男孩離家一個(gè)星期了，這使他父母很擔(dān)心。 ②當(dāng)從句中的介詞提前，構(gòu)成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)。 We

10、live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我們生活在一個(gè)信息比以前更容易獲得的時(shí)代。 3．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的定語從句 (1)as 可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，常用于“so/such/the same＋先行詞＋as ...”結(jié)構(gòu)中。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我們車間使用的機(jī)器是中國制造的。 ———————————————————————————————

11、—————— which引導(dǎo)定語從句代指前面整句話內(nèi)容時(shí)只能位于主句之后。 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2020, which made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.(2020·安徽高考單選) 莫言被授予2020年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這使中國人長久以來擁有的夢想之一變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。 　　　　 ————————————————————————————————————— (2)as 也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，定語從句說明整個(gè)句子，可放

12、在主句之前、之中或之后。 常用的這種類似插入語的句式有：as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。 “You can’t judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes. 正如老話所說的那樣：“人不可貌相。” 二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1．where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 where表示地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)

13、狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on ...＋which”。 Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, where you can hear some lovely music.(2020·北京高考單選) ＝Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, in which you can hear some lovely music. 對面是圣保羅大教堂，你們在那里能聽到一些動聽的音樂。 ————————————————————————————————————— 當(dāng)先行詞為situation, case, stage, point, activit

14、y, atmosphere等抽象名詞，且引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中表示事情發(fā)生的情況、階段等時(shí)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。 　　　　 ————————————————————————————————————— 2．when 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 when表示時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on/during ...＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)。 I am looking forward to the d

15、ay when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2020·湖南高考單選) 我正期盼那一天的到來，那時(shí)我女兒可以讀這本書，并且了解我對她的感情。 3．why引導(dǎo)的定語從句 why表示原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞for＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)。 Do you know the reason why/for which he didn’t attend the meeting? 你知道他沒參加會議的原因嗎？ —————————————————————————————————————

16、 非限制性定語從句中，常用for which 表示原因而不用why。 I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 我把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒有去開會。 　　　　 ————————————————————————————————————— 三、“介詞＋關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 1．介詞和關(guān)系代詞的確定 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom，指物時(shí)常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介詞后，即“介詞＋whose＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來說，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手

17、： ①Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事業(yè)。(be devoted to “獻(xiàn)身，致力于”) ②Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.(2020·湖南高考單選) 心靈的呵護(hù)是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過程，在這一過程中，即使是生活中微小的細(xì)節(jié)也應(yīng)該考慮在內(nèi)。 ③Recently I bought an

18、ancient vase, the price of which(＝whose price) was very reasonable. 最近我買了個(gè)古代的花瓶，它的價(jià)錢很合理。 2．“of＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前、后表示整體與部分的關(guān)系可以用of which/whom。 He had a lot of friends, none of whom would offer help to him when he was in troub

19、le. 他有許多朋友，但當(dāng)他遇到麻煩時(shí)沒有人會給他提供幫助。 3．“介詞＋where”引導(dǎo)的定語從句 有時(shí)“介詞＋where”可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，此時(shí)要和“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句從意思上加以區(qū)別。 His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的頭很快從窗口探了出來，從那里除了樹木他什么也看不到。(from where相當(dāng)于from out of the window，而不是from the window) [典題精選] [我來改正] [常設(shè)誤點(diǎn)]

20、(2020·衡水市點(diǎn)睛金榜大聯(lián)考)It’s really lucky I came to a restaurant that I am known. that→where (1)關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的錯(cuò)用 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語；關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語。 (2020·新課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅱ)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night. that→which (2)

21、that與which的錯(cuò)用 在不定代詞、最高級、序數(shù)詞等后用that；在非限制性定語從句和介詞后用which。 (2020·九江高三一模)The book, of whose the cover is broken is of great help to all of us. whose→which (3)which和whose的錯(cuò)用 在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞which在從句中常作主語或賓語，也可作定語，而whose只可作定語，“whose＋n.”相當(dāng)于“the＋n.＋of which”或“of which＋the＋n.”。 (2020·嘉峪關(guān)市一中三模)There are man

22、y people think that wealth is better than health. 在people后加who或think→thinking (4)關(guān)系詞的缺失 主要考查在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，容易受漢語影響而漏掉用作主語的關(guān)系詞who/that/which等。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．(2020·唐山一中仿真模擬一)The richest of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $41 billion, who made his money by starting the company Microsoft. 2．(

23、2020·海口二模)So, they looked around for a soccer club that/which would be able to do this for them. 3．(2020·山東臨沂二模)Ice bucket challenge is like the epidemic (流行病), which becomes popular around the world very quickly. 4．(2020·三門峽市考前適應(yīng)性練習(xí))Jane paused in front of a counter where some attractive ties wer

24、e on display. 5．(2020·邢臺高三摸底考試)Officer: I’m afraid I can’t do that, Madam. In school zones, I’m required to give tickets to all drivers who/that break the rules. It’s the law in this county. 6．(2020·南陽一中二模)Freeflyers, as the name suggests, enjoy the more spontaneous (即興的) thrill of doing their own

25、 things. 7．(2020·青島高三第二次統(tǒng)一質(zhì)檢)It’s generally believed that this is the best play that was written by Jack. 8．(2020·吉林省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬)Her boyfriend left in tears and a few days later sent a note to her, which said, “Please take good care of your eyes, my dear, because before they are yours, they were mine！”

26、 9．(2020·滕州4月模擬)Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 10．(2020·南陽一中二模)My uncle has two daughters, both of whom are good students. 11．(2020·滕州5月模擬)She dreamed of the day when the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile, “Madam, this i

27、s your lucky day. Everything in your basket is free.” 12．(2020·江西鷹潭二模)The police must give the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．(2020·大慶質(zhì)量檢測二短文改錯(cuò))I finally knew the reason what she didn’t talk to me and comforted her.what→why 2．(2020·蘭州模擬短文改錯(cuò))How

28、ever, the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those which prefer reading articles about learning methods.which→who 3．(2020·唐山一模短文改錯(cuò))I made friends with the daughter of my home-stay family, which was a college student.which→who 4．(2020·長春質(zhì)量監(jiān)測二短文改錯(cuò))I am a 25

29、-year-old young man graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Jilin University.man后加who/that或graduated→graduating 5．(2020·青島統(tǒng)一檢測短文改錯(cuò))You can also make more Chinese friends, they will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.they→who或they前加and 6．(2020·江西贛州模擬短文改錯(cuò))He saw picture

30、s of vehicles could climb up the sides of buildings. He made up his mind to design a better vehicle.could前加that/which 7．(2020·湖南高考改編)Happiness and success often come to those whom are good at recognizing their own strengths.whom→who 8．(2020·廣西柳州3月模擬短文改錯(cuò))And I am unfamiliar with the language style

31、of the speech article, that is totally different from the common article.that→which Ⅰ.語法填空 (2020·河北省七校高三聯(lián)合考試)When you decide you’re going to live alone, you get upset. This is __1__(nature). But there’s no need to get __2__(worry). Below are some ideas __3__ can help you out. Saving money is __

32、4__ you need to start several months before you move out. You need to save enough money __5__(help) you survive for at least a month in the new place. The __6__ (easy) of all ways is to spend less! Search for a place to live in before __7__(move) out. Make sure that the place you choose is in a goo

33、d location. Besides, you can afford __8__. If you’re going to stay in an expensive city, find a roommate so that you can share the expenses. And if you have to live __9__ your own for a long time, you’ll have to look for a part-time job. If you’re __10__ student, you can work in restaurants, theate

34、rs, etc. And don’t spend a lot of money in a wasteful way! Try and save every penny of what you earn. 1．natural　考查形容詞。句意：當(dāng)你決定單獨(dú)生活時(shí)，你變得沮喪，這是自然的。分析句子成分可知，空處作表語，故此處需要用nature的形容詞形式。 2．worried　考查形容詞。get worried“擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂”。 3．that　考查定語從句。句意：下面是一些幫助你擺脫困境的方法。因?yàn)橄刃性~前有不定代詞some修飾，所以此處用that引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。 4．what　考查

35、表語從句。句意：在你搬出去的幾個(gè)月之前，你就需要開始存錢。what引導(dǎo)表語從句，并在從句中作賓語。 5．to help　考查非謂語動詞。句意：你需要存足夠的錢，幫助你在新的地方生存至少一個(gè)月。此處用動詞不定式作目的狀語。 6．easiest　考查最高級。句意：所有的方法中最容易的就是少花錢。由of all ways可知用最高級。 7．moving　考查非謂語動詞。介詞before后跟動詞-ing形式。 8．it　考查代詞。此處用it指代前面的“the place”。 9．on　考查介詞短語。on one’s own“單獨(dú)，獨(dú)自”。 10．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。句意：如果你是一名學(xué)生，你能在

36、餐館、劇院等地方工作。此處用不定冠詞a表示泛指一名學(xué)生。 Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò) (2020·銀川一中二模)On a snowy winter night, a bus with 45 passenger had an accident because the wet road. And all of them were trapping in the bus, and what is worse, the bus ran out of gas and it was very cold in it. They could do nothing but to wait for help. A man

37、who lived nearby saw that had happened. He and some villagers succeeded in open the door and helped all of them out of the bus. He took them to his home but offered food and water and even some warm clothes to the children. They spent two days in their home and finally help came. All of them were thankfully for his help. 答案：第一句：passenger→passengers; because后加of 第二句：trapping→trapped; is→was 第三句：去掉to 第四句：that→what 第五句：open→opening 第六句：but→and 第七句：their→his 第八句：thankfully→thankful