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1、2020年小升初英語(yǔ)必背知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納小升初英語(yǔ)必背知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納一、學(xué)生易錯(cuò)詞匯：1.a, an的選擇: 元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞用an，輔音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞用a.2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物。單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I , you 用 have .4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物，某人。單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are.5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問(wèn)句和否定句用any.6. 疑
2、問(wèn)詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰(shuí)) where (哪里) whose (誰(shuí)的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢(qián))二、形容詞比較級(jí)詳解：當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí)，需要用到比較級(jí)。比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than(比)+ 什么 ,如：Im taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。)An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎
3、更大。)形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來(lái)的，它的變化規(guī)則是： 一般的直接在詞尾加er ，如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , 以e結(jié)尾的，直接加r ，如 fine finer , 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先改y為i再加er，如funny - funnier 雙寫(xiě)最后的字母再加er，如big bigger, thin thinner ,hot hotter注意 比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西。典型錯(cuò)誤：My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng)。)比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā)、你(整個(gè)人)，那么比較的對(duì)象就沒(méi)有可比性。應(yīng)該
4、改為：My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.比較級(jí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí):1、從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子 heavy tall long big(1) How is the Yellow River?(2) How is Mr Green? Hes 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.(4)How is the fish? Its 2kg.2、根據(jù)句意寫(xiě)出所缺的單詞(1) Im 12 years old. Youre 14. Im than you.(2) A r
5、abbits tail is than a monkeys tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is than a football.3、根據(jù)中文完成句子(1) 我比我的弟弟大三歲. Im than my brother.(2) 這棵樹(shù)要比那棵樹(shù)高. This tree than that one.(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.(4) 誰(shuí)比你重? than you?4、根據(jù)答句寫(xiě)出問(wèn)句(1) Im 160 cm.(2) Im 12 years old
6、.(4) Amys hair is 30 cm long.、從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子 heavy tall long big(1) How is the Yellow River?(2) How is Mr Green? Hes 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.(4)How is the fish? Its 2kg.2、根據(jù)句意寫(xiě)出所缺的單詞(1) Im 12 years old. Youre 14. Im than you.(2) A rabbits tail is than a monkeys tail.(3) An eleph
7、ant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is than a football.3、根據(jù)中文完成句子(1) 我比我的弟弟大三歲. Im than my brother.(2) 這棵樹(shù)要比那棵樹(shù)高. This tree than that one.(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.(4) 誰(shuí)比你重? than you?4、根據(jù)答句寫(xiě)出問(wèn)句(1) Im 160 cm.(2) Im 12 years old.(4) Amys hair is 30 cm long.三、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式詳解動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成
8、規(guī)則有：A規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed：如worked , learned , cleaned , visited以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d：如lived , danced , used 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少)如study studied carry carried worry worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類(lèi)) 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少)如stoppedB不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類(lèi)詞并無(wú)規(guī)則，須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式：sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had
9、 , do did , go went , take took , buy bought , get got , read read ,fly flew , am/is was , are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt四、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則： 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working
10、, singing , eating 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先去e再加ing，如having , writing 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞極少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting五、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)：人稱(chēng)代詞 物主代詞主格 賓格第一人稱(chēng) 單數(shù) I(我) me my(我的)復(fù)數(shù) we(我們) us our(我們的)第二人稱(chēng) 單數(shù) you(你) you your(你的)復(fù)數(shù) you(你們) you your(你們的)第三人稱(chēng) 單數(shù) he(他) him his(他的)she(她) her her(她的)it(它) it its(它的)復(fù)數(shù) they(他們/她們
11、/它們) them their(他們的/她們的/它們的)六、句型專(zhuān)項(xiàng)歸類(lèi)：1、 肯定句：是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子，如：Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.2、否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor.He does not (doesn
12、t) work in a hospital. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom.He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening.小結(jié)：否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。有動(dòng)詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面，可縮寫(xiě)成“isnt，arent”，但am not 一般都分開(kāi)寫(xiě)。沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do，does，did)，然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它
13、們縮寫(xiě)在一起如“dont , doesnt , didnt )。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱(chēng)和數(shù)，都用“did” 。3、一般疑問(wèn)句：是指詢(xún)問(wèn)事實(shí)的句子，此類(lèi)句子必須用“yes”，或“no”來(lái)回答。如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, Im not.Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn
14、t.Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there arent.Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we arent.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(wont).Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.小結(jié)：一般疑問(wèn)句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位，其他照寫(xiě)，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可。沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do，does，did)再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱(chēng)和數(shù)，都用“did” 。一般疑問(wèn)句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問(wèn)和答要一致，即問(wèn)句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的。
2020年小升初英語(yǔ)必背知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
