高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 核心考點(diǎn)總動(dòng)員 專題42 夾敘夾議類完形填空（含解析）

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專題 42 夾敘夾議類完形填空 關(guān)鍵詞：完形填空,夾敘夾議類,理解,語境,邏輯推理 難度系數(shù)：???? 推薦指數(shù)：????? 【基礎(chǔ)回顧】 考點(diǎn)歸納： 夾敘夾議的文章是高考完形填空中最有難度的，也是最熱點(diǎn)的一類體裁。所選文章語言地道、寓意深刻、可讀性強(qiáng)。文章常常在平淡的敘述中蘊(yùn)含著深刻的人生哲理。此類選材傾向于注重短文本身的教育意義，作者首先敘述一件事，在敘述過程中或結(jié)束后發(fā)表自己的看法或由此事引出一個(gè)深刻的社會(huì)問題。文章的顯著特點(diǎn)是首句可能在傳達(dá)一個(gè)事件信息或透視一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，而后對(duì)此進(jìn)行高層次評(píng)價(jià)，或由此引發(fā)一種深層次思考，具有記敘與議論的雙重性，文情并茂，發(fā)人深思。解題時(shí)，應(yīng)借助上下文乃至全文的語境揣摩作者的心境，及其對(duì)各個(gè)角色、各個(gè)事件的態(tài)度。在答題過程中，要理清文章的脈絡(luò)與結(jié)構(gòu)，把作者敘述的故事和要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來分析，并且要把握關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，還要把握語氣、動(dòng)作等的描寫，以期與作者達(dá)到共鳴。 基礎(chǔ)必讀： 完形填空技巧之行文邏輯 完形填空首先考查的就是考生對(duì)文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空時(shí)，應(yīng)把它看作一個(gè)意思連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整的語篇，而不是單項(xiàng)填空。做題時(shí)要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地獲取信息。完形填空的首句或前幾句話一般都是完整的，為考生提供足夠的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，這里往往包含主題句，為理解文章大意和主要內(nèi)容提供必要的線索。此外，完形填空是具有完整內(nèi)容且按照一定思路發(fā)展的文章，各段及各句之間都有邏輯上的必然聯(lián)系，因此還要注意把握文章發(fā)展的基本線索，搞清段與段、句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。答題時(shí)，考生首先要樹立起語篇概念，抓住文章主題思想，理清其結(jié)構(gòu)布局， 明辨句子之間以及段落之間的關(guān)系，利用句與句、句群與句群之間的邏輯關(guān)系解題。句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系主要包括：并列關(guān)系(連接詞有and，while等)；轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(連接詞有but，however，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果關(guān)系(連接詞有so，therefore，thus，because, for，since，as等)；讓步關(guān)系(連接詞或短語有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；條件關(guān)系(連接詞或短語有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解釋關(guān)系(連接詞或短語有i.e.， that is to say, in other words等)；順序關(guān)系(連接詞有before，after，and，first，second，then，next, finally等)。 一、因果關(guān)系 　2015四川卷] (節(jié)選) Id always__24__，while slicing up carrots，that the end looked like a cap.__25__one day，just to see what she would do，I gently __26__ one on top of the groundhogs head. 24．A.thought B．doubted C．a(chǎn)dmitted D．recognized 25．A.While B．Or C．So D．For 26．A.fixed B．placed C．hung D．kept 解析] 24. A 　在切胡蘿卜時(shí)，“我”一直覺得其末端像一頂帽子。think想，認(rèn)為；doubt質(zhì)疑；admit承認(rèn)；recognise認(rèn)出。 25. C 　 因此，有一天，想看看“她”會(huì)怎么做，“我”就輕輕地放了一個(gè)在那只土撥鼠的頭頂上。前后兩句為因果關(guān)系。 26. B 　參考上題解析。fix固定，修理；place放置；hang懸掛；keep保持。 二、同類關(guān)系 2014廣東卷] (節(jié)選)On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket. A. washing B. using C. dropping D. replacing 三、相對(duì)關(guān)系 2014重慶卷] (節(jié)選)Although I would sure carry the pain of 26_______ with me along, Ahmed reminded me of the abundant 27_______ in the world. 26. A. loss B. failure C. fear D. regret 27. A. friendship B. devotion C. kindness D. justice 解析]26. 考查名詞詞義及語境運(yùn)用。作者雖然還會(huì)因?yàn)閱史蚨矗撵`得到了慰藉。A. loss喪失；B. failure失??；C. fear恐懼；D. regret后悔。A項(xiàng)正確。 27. 考查名詞詞義及語境運(yùn)用。修理工的舉動(dòng)讓作者感覺到了人間的關(guān)愛。A. friendship友誼；B. devotion奉獻(xiàn)、專注；C. kindness關(guān)愛、仁愛；D. justice正義、公正。C項(xiàng)正確。 此處26. A. loss 與27.C. kindness 存在相對(duì)關(guān)系。 四、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 2015天津卷] (節(jié)選) He couldn’t read his own handwriting. ____he was a bright student. 30. A. so B. or C. for D. but 【技能方法】 完形填空題要求考生具備的能力之一就是“正確的閱讀理解能力”，同時(shí)，還要具備扎實(shí)的語法、詞匯和文化知識(shí)的綜合積淀，是一種全面考查考生語言運(yùn)用能力的題型。做完形填空應(yīng)該從以下幾個(gè)方面入手： 一、利用首句信息，撲捉文章大意。完形填空題的首句是全文的關(guān)鍵句，或者稱為主導(dǎo)句，它是了解文章大意的一個(gè)窗口，對(duì)理解全文有著重要的啟示作用因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，尋找文章的脈絡(luò)與線索，展開對(duì)文章發(fā)展的預(yù)測(cè)。 二、利用邏輯推理，確定語段關(guān)系。邏輯推理是通過邏輯連詞來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，邏輯連詞是構(gòu)成語篇的紐帶，考生在解題時(shí)要充分利用這些邏輯連詞，深刻體會(huì)句段之間的理解關(guān)系。常用的邏輯連詞主要有：（1）詞（包括連詞、副詞和少數(shù)介詞），如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等；（2）短語，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等；（3）分句和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。 三、利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)，尋找解題線索。語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)的信息包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞和反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、上義詞和下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、概括詞復(fù)現(xiàn)和代詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。語篇中有詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象，如與語篇話題相關(guān)、意義相關(guān)的詞匯同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)，同義同現(xiàn)，修飾同現(xiàn)，因果同現(xiàn)等。因此，利用上下文尋找解題信息，確定正確答案。 四、利用上下文意，甄別詞語差異。 高考完形填空選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置一般均屬于同一詞類，有的甚至在意義上也非常接近。為了順利解答此類問題，考生在平時(shí)記憶單詞時(shí)，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考試中結(jié)合語境，比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的細(xì)微差別，推敲什么是最佳答案。 五、利用語法分析，破解句子結(jié)構(gòu)。對(duì)語法、詞法等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查也是完形填空題的命題角度之一。對(duì)于這種題，要針對(duì)地對(duì)語法結(jié)構(gòu)、句式特點(diǎn)、對(duì)短文中所設(shè)空格中需填的詞在句子里作什么成份、哪類詞適合、應(yīng)采取什么形式等等進(jìn)行必要的分析思考，從而迅速解決問題。比如，選用動(dòng)詞就要考慮各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂搭配以及其如何與其他詞類使用等一系列問題。 六、利用文化常識(shí)，輕松選定答案。當(dāng)對(duì)語言的把握不很準(zhǔn)確時(shí)，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常識(shí)，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，先找出并理解文章主題和主線，并根據(jù)主題猜測(cè)細(xì)節(jié)，注意從重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語中尋找、體會(huì)文章表達(dá)的氛圍。這樣將會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，順利地沿作者的思路輕松解題。 【基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)】 【2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)II】完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分） 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(裝置)on your desk. And they’ve never actually 1 you. Everything they know about you 2 through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 3 they feel they can know you 4 from the sound of your voice. That’s how powerful the 5 is. Powerful, yes, but not always 6 . For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom I’d never met 7 , got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 8 me. I sometimes wished to 9 another agent. One morning, I had to 10 an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani’s office 11 . The woman sitting at the desk, 12 my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a 13 smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the 14 immediately. “What a wonderful lady!” I thought. Rushing out 15 I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, what’s your name?” “I’m Rani,” she said. I turned around and saw a 16 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was 17 ! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so 18 . Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s 19 ---her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ 20 ---were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires. 1. A. accepted B. noticed C. heard D. met 2. A. came B. moved C. ran D. developed 3. A. Thus B. Yet C. Then D. Indeed 4. A. rather B. also C. just D. already 5. A. Telephone B. voice C. connection D. impression 6. A. direct B. useful C. easy D. accurate 7. A. in person B. by myself C. in public D. on purpose 8. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused 9. A. promote B. train C. find D. know 10. A. arrange B. postpone C. confirm D. book 11. A. for the first time B. at any time C. from time to time D. in good time 12. A. expecting B. seeing C. testing D. avoiding 13. A. shy B. comforting C. familiar D. forced 14. A. bill B. form C. ticket D. list 15. A. hopefully B. disappointedly C. gratefully D. regretfully 16. A. careful B. serious C. nervous D. pleasant 17. A. amused B. worried C. helpless D. speechless 18. A. calm B. nice C. proud D. clever 19. A. forgiveness B. eagerness C. friendliness D. skillfulness 20. A. explanation B. attitude C. concept D. Behavior 2．A　根據(jù)空格前面的“Everything they know about you…”和后面的through this device可知，他們對(duì)你的了解來自這個(gè)裝置。 3．B　根據(jù)上下文的意思“雖然你們之間的距離很遠(yuǎn)，但是他們只要通過你的聲音，就可以了解你”可知，這里是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，因此答案為B。 4．C　別人只要通過聲音就可以了解你。此處使用just表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。rather相當(dāng)?shù)?；also也；just只是；already已經(jīng)。 5．A　根據(jù)下文的only by phone以及第一段中的信息可知，此處指電話。 6．D　結(jié)合文章倒數(shù)第二段的“Why had I thought she was cold？”可知，作者通過講述這個(gè)故事，說明了有的時(shí)候電話聯(lián)系不太準(zhǔn)確。direct直接的；useful有用的；easy容易的；accurate正確無誤的。 7．A　in person親自；by myself靠自己；in public當(dāng)眾；on purpose故意地。A項(xiàng)與空前的faceless形成呼應(yīng)，Rani是代理人，但是“我”從來沒有與Rani碰過面。 8．A　結(jié)合前面的her cold voice“她冰冷的聲音”可知Rani的聲音讓作者感到惱怒，甚至想過要換一個(gè)代理人，這說明“我”對(duì)她的聲音很反感。 9．C　與前面的annoyed呼應(yīng)，由于這個(gè)代理人的聲音讓作者感到惱怒，所以作者想換一個(gè)代理人。因此與find 的意義一致。 10．D　結(jié)合空格后面的“…an immediate flight home for a family emergency.”可知，因?yàn)榧彝ブ械木o急情況，所以作者需要預(yù)訂一個(gè)航班。 11．A　因?yàn)榍闆r緊急，所以作者第一次來到了Rani的辦公室。 12．B　結(jié)合空格前面的“The woman sitting at the desk…”和后面的“…my madness, sympathetically jumped up.”可知，坐在桌子旁邊的那位女士，看見“我”的慌張，立即站了起來。 13．B　結(jié)合后面的“…nodded while listening patiently…”可知這位女士對(duì)待作者的態(tài)度非常友好，因此B項(xiàng)符合語境。shy害羞的；comforting安慰的；familiar熟悉的；forced被迫的。 14．C　根據(jù)上文的an immediate flight home和下文的“Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport.”可知，這位女士馬上給作者打印了機(jī)票。 15．C　根據(jù)上文的“‘What a wonderful lady！’ I thought.”可知，作者認(rèn)為這位女士幫了自己大忙，因此作者非常感激這位女士。hopefully充滿希望地；disappointedly感到失望地；gratefully感激地；regretfully遺憾地。 16．D　根據(jù)空格后面的“…woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.”中的big smile可知，Rani富有同情心，待人熱情大方，是一個(gè)令人愉快的相處對(duì)象。careful細(xì)心的；serious嚴(yán)肅的，認(rèn)真的；nervous緊張的；pleasant令人愉快的。 【能力提升】 【安徽省六安市皖西教學(xué)聯(lián)盟2017屆高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)】] In case of emergency, would you stick to traditional ideas or abandon them? Before long, a father from Dubai made his own 1 . The father took the whole family out to enjoy the 2 in Dubai. While everyone was having fun, his 20-year old daughter 3 the deep waters and yelled for help in 4 . No one in the family was able to swim, so they could do 5 but watch the girl painfully 6 in the water. 7 , two lifeguards on the beach noticed her and 8 to save the girl. However, the father stopped them and shouted: “Leave her 9 !You are men. How can you touch my daughter? You will insult(侮辱) her if you save her.” The two lifeguards tried every means to 10 the father but failed. Helplessly, they decided to 11 the father but 12 failed because the father was tall and strong. The father 13 losing his daughter instead of saving her. The ending 14 quite as he had expected. His daughter soon disappeared under water. Is it the seawater or the father’s traditional ideas that killed her daughter? 15 , a delivery woman in Fengxian District, Shanghai remained 16 in a thick quilt without turning on the air-conditioner after giving birth in hot summer, which was 17 by her heatstroke(中暑) at home. Due to the 18 treatment her family adopted, she became seriously ill. After emergency treatment, she finally died and left her newborn baby behind. We are often 19 by those so-called traditional ideas, which generally prove to be wrong. The most tragic part is not how miserable your life is , but you are the 20 of your ideas. 1. A. distinction B. voice C. choice D. determination 2. A. architecture B. beach C. waters D. sand 3. A. headed to B. slipped into C. jumped into D. walked towards 4. A. desperation B. amazement C. embarrassment D. depression 5. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 6. A. struggling B. swimming C. floating D. patting 7. A. Otherwise B. Furthermore C. Meanwhile D. Besides 8. A. jogged B. moved C. intended D. hurried 9. A. out B. behind C. alone D. off 10. A. persuade B. demand C. educate D. accuse 11. A. warn B. ignore C. abandon D. blame 12. A. even B. still C. almost D. ever 13. A. agreed on B. resisted C. insisted on D. allowed 14. A. turned out B. ran out C. turned over D. come over 15. A. Differently B. Similarly C. Frequently D. Eventually 16. A. tied B. wrapped C. sheltered D. trapped 17. A. suggested B. drawn C. informed D. predicted 18. A. careless B. rude C. considerate D. improper 19. A. impressed B. inspired C. troubled D. restricted 20. A. slave B. owner C. maker D. Loser 3.B 女兒不小心滑落水中。 4.A 女兒不會(huì)游泳，故顯得很害怕，絕望。desperation絕望；amazement吃驚；embarrassment尷尬； depression郁悶。 5.D 家人都不會(huì)游泳，所以他們什么也做不了。 6.A 女兒不會(huì)游泳，家人又就不了她， 所以只能看她在水中掙扎。 7.C 就在這時(shí)（meanwhile與此同時(shí)）兩個(gè)保安趕來了。 8.D根據(jù)語境，兩個(gè)保安慌忙跑過來營(yíng)救。（hurried 匆忙、慌忙） 9.C 根據(jù)下文的意思：這個(gè)爸爸由于受傳統(tǒng)思想的影響不讓別人碰她女兒，leave sb alone 離某人遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)， 不要碰某人，聽其自然。 10.A兩個(gè)保安想“說服”這個(gè)爸爸。 11.B兩個(gè)保安決定忽視，繞過這個(gè)爸爸直接去營(yíng)救，但是失敗了，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)爸爸很高大強(qiáng)壯。 12.B 見11題分析。 13.C這個(gè)爸爸最終堅(jiān)持了自己的決定。（insist on doing sth 堅(jiān)持做某事） 14.A“結(jié)果”和這個(gè)爸爸期待一樣。（turn out結(jié)果是、證明是） 15.B“類似的”故事發(fā)生在另一個(gè)人身上。 16.B tied栓，系；wrapped 包裹；covered覆蓋；trapped困住。 根據(jù)文章的意思，盡管天氣很熱，她還是按照傳統(tǒng)的思想用棉被將自己包裹的緊緊的。 【終極闖關(guān)】 【吉林省長(zhǎng)春外國(guó)語學(xué)校2017屆高三上學(xué)期期末】閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C、D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 Do you have a dream? Is it part of your life? Everybody has dreams. I have a 1 , too. When I slept, I would dream of living it; when I 2 , I would work for living it. One day, somebody told me,“To 3 is better than to arrive.” Hearing this, I 4 laughed it off, not quite understanding how that was even 5 . And I didn’t realize how true it was 6 Ihad whatIwanted.ThenIsuddenly realized that the person living the dreamwas different from the one who had 7 for it.Since then, I have made a great 8 to work for the realization of my dream. 9 , Iachieved whatIhad wanted. I have now become a wiser, calmer,strongerand more passionate person. The journey has 10 me a lot.Imade mistakes and learned from them.I 11 and learned to get up again.Icried andIlearned to wipe away my tears.Imade friends and learned to 12 people.Imade enemies and learned to value 13 . The journey hastransformeda caterpillar (毛蟲) into a beautiful butterfly, eagerlywaiting to 14 the world with her newly-found wings. We all know that our 15 isn’t as perfect as it is in the fairy tales.It 16 great ambition and courage to fulfill our dreams. But we should remember that even if 17 gets in our way, nothing will 18 us. So friends, always remember: “ Experience is the best 19 and there are no guarantees that one willbecomean artist. Only the 20 matters.”So let’s drink to a new journey. Cheers! 1.A. reason B. permission C. dream D. question 2.A. got in B. got through C. got on D. got up 3.A. gather B. escape C. travel D. return 4.A. ever B. even C. almost D. just 5.A. possible B. difficult C. certain D. necessary 6.A. because B. until C. if D. after 7.A. paid B. worked C. prepared D. waited 8.A. effort B. research C. promise D. difference 9.A.Normally B. Regularly C. Finally D. Actually 10.A. pleased B. changed C. pressed D. worried 11.A. fell down B. set down C. looked out D. put down 12.A. value B. ask C. miss D. see 13.A. plans B. choices C. lessons D. concerns 14.A. save B. imagine C. enjoy D. explore 15.A. study B. life C. plan D. creation 16.A. attracts B. advises C. praises D. takes 17.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 18.A. persuade B. stop C. cure D. match 19.A. fruit B. course C. teacher D. hope 20.A. journey B. task C. decision D. wealth 2.D考查動(dòng)詞詞組。A. got in到達(dá)， 收割；B. got through完成，經(jīng)歷；C. got on下車；D. got up起床，站起來。根據(jù)When I slept, I would dream of living it;可知“當(dāng)我起床的時(shí)候，我為住在這里工作”。故選D。 3.C考查動(dòng)詞。A. gather聚集；B. escape逃脫；C. travel旅行；D. return 歸還。旅行比到達(dá)更好。故選C。 4.D考查副詞。A. ever曾經(jīng)；B. even甚至；C. almost幾乎；D. just僅僅，只是。聽到這個(gè)，我只是笑著離開，不太明白那是怎么可能的。故選D。 5.A考查形容詞。A. possible可能的；B. difficult困難的；C. certain某一；D. necessary必要的。聽到這個(gè)，我只是笑著離開，不太明白那是怎么可能的。 故選A。 6.B考查連詞。A. because因?yàn)?；B.not--- until直到---才；C. if如果；D. after在---之后。直到我擁有我想要的東西，我才意識(shí)到它是多么的真實(shí)。故選B。 7.B考查動(dòng)詞。A. paid付款；B. worked工作；C. prepared準(zhǔn)備；D. waited 等待。我突然意識(shí)到生活在夢(mèng)想中的人與為之工作的人不同。故選B。 8.A考查名詞。A. effort努力；B. research研究；C. promise許諾；D. difference不同。為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想努力。故選A。 9.C考查副詞。A.Normally正常地；B. Regularly有規(guī)律地；C. Finally最后；D. Actually實(shí)際上。最后我實(shí)現(xiàn)了我想要的。故選C。 10.B考查動(dòng)詞。A. pleased滿意；B. changed 改變；C. pressed按壓；D. worried擔(dān)憂。旅行改變了我許多。故選B。 11.A考查動(dòng)詞詞組。A. fell down倒下；B. set down記下；C. looked out小心；D. put down放下。我倒下，又站起來。故選A。 12.A考查動(dòng)詞。A. value估價(jià)，珍惜；B. ask問；C. miss錯(cuò)過；D. see看見。我交朋友，學(xué)會(huì)珍惜人們。故選A。 16.D考查動(dòng)詞。A. attracts吸引；B. advises建議；C. praises稱贊；D. takes拿走，需要。它需要巨大的雄心和勇氣來實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的夢(mèng)想。故選D。 17.A考查不定代詞。我們應(yīng)該記得即使有什么妨礙我們，沒有什么能阻止我們。故選A。 18.B考查動(dòng)詞。A. persuade勸說；B. stop停止；C. cure治愈；D. match匹配。我們應(yīng)該記得即使有什么妨礙我們，沒有什么能阻止我們。故選B。 19.C考查名詞。A. fruit水果；B. course過程；C. teacher老師；D. hope希望。經(jīng)驗(yàn)是最好的老師。故選C。 20.A考查名詞。A. journey旅程；B. task任務(wù)；C. decision決定；D. wealth 財(cái)富。只是旅程重要。所以讓我們?yōu)樾碌穆贸谈杀９蔬xA。