高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 核心考點總動員 專題53 圖表類書面表達（含解析）

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專題 53 圖表類書面表達 關(guān)鍵詞：圖表類,漢語提示,書面表達 難度系數(shù)：???? 推薦指數(shù)：????? 【基礎(chǔ)回顧】 考點歸納： 圖表式作文在高考這出現(xiàn)的機會較小。盡管如此，我們還是應(yīng)對此類作文予以重視，因為圖表式作文是通過提供的一組或幾組數(shù)據(jù)來反映某個趨勢或某一問題、現(xiàn)象。要求考生圖表中的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進行描述、分析和評論，并得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論。它是將數(shù)據(jù)、形象信息轉(zhuǎn)換為文字信息的過程，此類作文最能考查考生邏輯推理的能力。 圖表作文命題常用的形式：①數(shù)據(jù)表格：矩形的豎行和橫行進行排列的表格，它反映的是多種事物的相互關(guān)系；②餅狀圖：它用來表示各事物在總體中所占的比例及相互關(guān)系；③柱狀圖：它用來表示幾種事物的變化情況及相互關(guān)系；④曲線圖：它常用來表示事物的變化趨勢；⑤混合式：既有柱形圖又有餅狀圖或表格或曲線圖等。 基礎(chǔ)必讀： 圖表式作文的寫作必讀 第一步 審題 圖表類作文的審題與其他類型的作文相比難度較大，主要表現(xiàn)在考生不易準確、全面地把握圖表顯示的信息。因此要通過審題抓住主要數(shù)據(jù)反映的主要問題即所要表達的要點；通過審題確立表達時所要用的時態(tài)：特定時間用過去時；經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的情況或自己的評述用一般現(xiàn)在時。 第二步謀篇 做圖表類書面表達時，常采用三段式的謀篇方法： Para1概述圖表所反映的信息； Para2分析現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因或根據(jù)題中所提供的原因進行敘述； Para3展望未來或提出問題的方法、建議或希望。 第三步 表達 1.概述圖表所反映的信息時要注意就圖表中那些最有代表性、規(guī)律性的數(shù)字，或 變化大的數(shù)字進行重點闡述。盡量避免簡單羅列數(shù)據(jù)，報流水賬；2.善于抓住總的規(guī)律、趨勢對現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生到的原因利用合理想象來進行分析或據(jù)題中所提供的原因進行敘述。如利用數(shù)據(jù)進行有力的論證；3.展望未來或提出解決問題的方法、建議或希望時要緊緊圍繞主題去展開。切忌游離主題而任意發(fā)揮；4.適當運用高級詞匯并靈活運用圖表類寫作常用的經(jīng)典句型。 圖表式作文的描述方法 第一種情況：橫向?qū)Ρ取Ｃ枋鲞@種圖表需要對比各種數(shù)據(jù)間的差別，主要以數(shù)值、倍數(shù)、排列等方式來描述。 常用句型： ①A department has the lowest sales figure in the three departments, followed by the B department and C department. ②The figure of A is about twice as much as that of B. ③The income from sales is 10 million，making the company the highest one in sales. ④The A’s income reaches 20 million，which is in the middle of the list. 第二種情況：縱向說明。只要指出不同單位之間的比較，描述如何增減，增減幅度如何，反映出什么問題，就可以了。 描述這樣的圖表時，可用以下詞匯和句型： ①The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in June. ②The trend/increase slowed down in May. ③The trend of increasing working hours began to gain momentum in January. (開始走強) ④Prices went up by 50%， but the number of smokers maintained. ⑤It picked up speed at the end of this year. 常用詞匯及表達法：increase，decrease，rise，fall，slow down，level off，pick up speed，maintain，drop，the trend reverses，decline，gain/lose momentum, a steady/ substantial(實質(zhì)性的)increase，a minor/slight/dramatic drop。 第三種情況：縱向、橫向均有的說明。這種圖表不僅要注意同一事物的變化趨勢，也要注意不同事物之間的差距及變化。 表示百分比常用句型： ①It accounts for 30% of the total population. ②There are 4 members with master’s degrees, making up nearly a quarter of the workforce. ③Doctors make up 40% of the staff in the hospital. 表示增長率的常用句型： ①The figure of income increased by about 200% as compared with ten years ago. ②The number of students has reached 200, indicating a rise of 4%,compared to last year. 【技能方法】 1.以題目中的要求為指導(dǎo)，審慎解讀圖表，準確把握圖表傳遞的信息。 2.表格圖形要求對大量數(shù)字進行分析，找出其變化規(guī)律。 3.曲線圖形要求觀察曲線變化規(guī)律，一般找出它發(fā)展的幾個點（如最高點、最低點和平穩(wěn)點），以此說明問題。 4.柱形圖要注意柱形的高度，并由此判斷事物的動態(tài)發(fā)展趨勢。 5.餅狀圖應(yīng)弄清部分與整體、部分與部分之間的相互關(guān)系。這種關(guān)系通常是以百分比的數(shù)字形式給出的。 6.對所給出的所有數(shù)據(jù)信息切忌逐一敘述，以防主次不分或重點不突出。 【基礎(chǔ)達標】 假定你是李華，計劃寒假找份兼職工作。下面的招聘廣告引起了你的注意，請根據(jù)要點（箭頭所指內(nèi)容）寫一封申請信。 Yes. I’m interested. Winter Jobs self-introduction (personality, fluency in English,…) Could you be an ASSISTANT TEACHER for Children’s winter camp No problem Excellent pay for working with children I can start working from… Work with native teachers from England English-only classes Work evenings and weekends for 2 weeks For more information, write to Mr. Smith 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可適當增加細節(jié)使行文連貫； 3.開頭已經(jīng)給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 DearMr.Smith, I’vereadyouradvertisementforanassistantteacherforachildren’swintercamp. Yours sincerely, LiHua 【答案】 Dear Mr. Smith, I’ve read your advertisement for an assistant teacher for a children’s winter camp. I’m quite interested in this position and I think my personality and experience will qualify me for the job. I’m outgoing, energetic, well-organized and responsible. And most importantly, I love working with children! In the past two years, as the monitor in my class, I have proved myself to be an excellent helper to my teachers. I speak fluent English, which enables me to help native English teachers communicate freely and effectively with students in an English-only environment. I will soon have a three-week winter vacation, so I have no problem working on evenings and weekends. I can start working from the end of this month. I would appreciate it if you could give me this opportunity. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua Yes. I’m interested. Winter Jobs self-introduction (personality, fluency in English,…) Could you be an ASSISTANT TEACHER for Children’s winter camp No problem Excellent pay for working with children I can start working from… Work with native teachers from England English-only classes Work evenings and weekends for 2 weeks For more information, write to Mr. Smith 【亮點說明】本文內(nèi)容齊全，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹，層次分明，布局合理，語言精練，同時運用高級句子。并列句的使用：I’m quite interested in this position and I think my personality and experience will qualify me for the job.非限制性定語從句的使用：I speak fluent English, which enables me to help native English teachers communicate freely and effectively with students in an English-only environment.固定句型的使用：I would appreciate it if…… 【能力提升】 下面的餅狀圖反映了某校高中生課余活動調(diào)查結(jié)果，請根據(jù)圖表信息一篇100字左右的作文。第一段已給出。 The pie chart reveals the survey result concerning the after-school activities the high school students prefer. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 【2016屆甘肅蘭州第一中學(xué)高三12月月考】 【答案】 The pie chart reveals the survey result concerning the after-school activities the high school students prefer. It is evident that most students go to tutoring classes after school, accounting for 36% of all. Meanwhile, 24% of students prefer to do some sports, such as playing basketball or football. In contrast, less students choose watching TV and surfing the internet, which makes up of 15% and 13% respectively. In addition, there are only 12% of students who like to do other activities. In short, most of the students go to tutoring classes and do some sports after school. 數(shù)據(jù)分析常用： Comparedwith…,/Incomparisonwith…： （1）the number of…is more than/over… （2）the amount of…increases/grows/rises/goes up to…/by… （3）the number of…is similar to/almost the same as/smaller than/below… （4）the amount of…is quite different from…/decreases/falls/drops from…to… 結(jié)論或預(yù)測常用： From the figures/statistics above, we can conclude/draw a conclusionthat… we can estimate(估計）that the population/amount of…will 增減increase/dropsteadily 穩(wěn)固地/gradually逐漸地/rapidly迅速地穩(wěn)定：remainstable 波動：rebound/wave 【亮點說明】本文清楚的反映了餅狀圖所示的內(nèi)容，結(jié)論正確。對于占比的表達多樣化：accounting for 36% of all，24% of students，makes up of 15% and 13%，顯得表達靈活。連詞的使用更好地講數(shù)據(jù)串聯(lián)起來：meanwhile、in contrast、in addition。主語從句、非限制性定語從句也打破了簡單句的格局，為文章增色。結(jié)尾得出了學(xué)生以參加輔導(dǎo)班和其他活動為主的結(jié)論。 【終極闖關(guān)】 Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假設(shè)你是中華中學(xué)學(xué)生姚平，最近參加了一項研究性學(xué)習(xí)調(diào)研，課題為“父母是否以子女為榮”。通過調(diào)研你校學(xué)生及其父母，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)雙方對此問題的看法有差異（數(shù)據(jù)如圖所示）。根據(jù)圖表寫一份報告，在報告中，你必須： 1. 描述調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù)； 2. 分析可能導(dǎo)致這一結(jié)果的原因。 】2016年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（上海卷參考版） 【答案】 A recent survey has been conducted on whether parents feel honored about their children in Zhonghua School. What is symbolically depicted in the bar chart above is that 80% parents regard their children as pride, while, to our surprise, only 60 in every hundred students hold the same viewpoint. Such a striking contrast is there between the two perspectives that it reveals a common phenomenon. Parents and children hold different attitudes towards the issue. From where I am standing, two reasons are responsible for the finding. First and foremost, with the increasingly fierce competition, teenagers are prone to suffering from the sense of inferiority. What additionally frustrates the children is peer pressure from parents. Chances are that the adults are inclined to gossip and compare with other friends about the academic performance of their children. Apart from it, a lack of communication between parents and children is also a key factor contributing to the difference. Proud as parents feel of their children, they remain too shy to praise or give compliments. Meanwhile, children seem to abide by every command from their parents and accept the negative comments without saying a word, which triggers their self-accusation of failing to live up to the adults’ high expectations. From what has been mentioned above, it is fierce competition and lack of communication that give rise to the phenomenon. Only by mutual trust and understanding can children feel the importance and pride attached to them. 考點：考查圖表作文