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1、Section 2 Grammar and usage [語法精講]
關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句
語法圖解
用法詳解
一、定語從句的定義
1.在主從復(fù)合句中,對某一名詞、代詞或名詞短語起修飾作用的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞、代詞或名詞短語叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。
2.關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose等)和關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why等)兩類。
二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法
1.who的用法
示例:
The person who tricked me was one of my classmates.
騙我的那個
2、人是我的一個同學(xué)。
He is the man who I respect very much.
他就是我非常尊重的那個人。
歸納:who 指人,在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語。
2.whom的用法
示例:
Jack is the person (who/whom) you should care about.
杰克是你應(yīng)該關(guān)心的人。
The old man (whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather.
女孩欺騙的那位老人是我的爺爺。
歸納:whom 指人,在定語從句中作賓語,可 用who 代替,也可省略。
3.which的用
3、法
示例:
The plane is a machine which can fly.
飛機是一種會飛的機器。
The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.
她贏得的那塊金牌已經(jīng)被送給她的母校了。
歸納:which 指物,在定語從句中作主語、賓語,作賓語時可省略。
4.that的用法
示例:
The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.
特納先生遞交的報告是關(guān)于摩托車比賽的。
The number of pe
4、ople that/who come to visit the city reaches one million every year.
每年來參觀這個城市的人數(shù)達到了一百萬。
歸納:that既可指人,也可指物,在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語,作賓語時可以省略。
5.whose的用法
示例:
He lives in the room whose window faces south.
他住在窗戶朝南的那個房間。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
這就是那位全國聞名的科學(xué)家。
歸納:w
5、hose既可指人又可指物,在從句中修飾名詞,作定語。
三、關(guān)系詞只能用that而不用which的情況
1.當(dāng)先行詞是all,little,much,something,anything,everything,nothing,some等不定代詞時。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已經(jīng)做了。
2.當(dāng)先行詞被all,every,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,the right,the last,just等修飾時。
Music is the only thing that interest
6、s me.
音樂是唯一令我感興趣的東西。
3.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時。
This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最有趣的故事。
4.當(dāng)先行詞中既有人又有物時。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。
[疑難點津] 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,定語從句的謂語動詞要和先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。
7、Those who are over 45 won’t be permitted into the hall.超過45歲的人不允許進入這個大廳。
[溫馨提示] (1)“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“the only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
這是查爾斯·狄更斯所寫的書中的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我們班里唯一一個學(xué)過法語的男孩。
(2)為避免關(guān)系詞的重復(fù),被關(guān)系代詞代替的成分不可在從句中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)
這就是我們上星期天參觀的那家工廠。