高考英語（四海八荒易錯(cuò)集）專題08 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

專題08 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)1. The TV Dwelling Narrowness(蝸居)is really fantastic.The show has succeeded in (get across) much to the audience，which has contributed to its success.【解析】句意：電視劇蝸居真的很吸引人。它成功地和觀眾產(chǎn)生共鳴，這促進(jìn)了它的成功。get across使被理解。放在介詞后的應(yīng)為動(dòng)名詞。【答案】getting across2.Considering his health，I advise him to (set aside) an hour or two each day to work out.【答案】set aside3. Mary often does some translation work to earn extra money，which (accout for) half of her income.【解析】句意：瑪麗經(jīng)常做些翻譯工作來賺取外快，這占了她收入的一半。account for是的原因；解釋，說明；(在數(shù)量上、比例上)占?！敬鸢浮縜ccounts for4. “Judging the voice, and not the appearance” makes the showThe Voice of China (stand out) from the numerous other reality shows in China.【解析】stand out意思“引人注目”。句意：“判斷聲音而不是外貌”使得中國好聲音在中國眾多真人秀節(jié)目中引人注目。【答案】stand out5. I dont know why he (break off) in the middle of a sentence.【解析】broke off 中斷，突然停止。句意：我不知道他為什么話只說了一半就停止?！敬鸢浮縝roke off 6.He was about to do his homework when an unusual noise (arrest) his attention.【解析】句意：他剛要做作業(yè)，這時(shí)一個(gè)不尋常的聲音吸引了他的注意力?！敬鸢浮縜rrested7.It is bad manners to (拒絕) an invitation without a reason.【解析】句意：無故拒絕邀請(qǐng)是不禮貌的。turn down拒絕。【答案】turn down8. Fully (absorb) in preparing for the coming exam，she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in her neighborhood.【解析】句意：她完全聚精會(huì)神地準(zhǔn)備即將到來的考試，所以她沒有時(shí)間在社區(qū)參加各種各樣的活動(dòng)。absorbed聚精會(huì)神。【答案】absorbed9.He was driving home on the highway last night when a policeman stopped him and (accuse) him of speeding.【解析】句意：昨晚，他在公路上開車回家，這時(shí)一個(gè)警察讓他停下，指控他超速駕駛。accuse of是固定用法，意思是指控。【答案】accused10. That hero who died in the war was so brave that he never (give in) to the enemies until death.【答案】gave in易錯(cuò)起源1、考查動(dòng)詞辨析 例1Much as he _he has a good command of English，he sometimes feels it hard to find an appropriate version for some Chinese idioms.Aannounces Bdeclares Cclaims Dconfirms【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處announces通知；declares宣布；claims 聲明； confirms證實(shí)。句意：雖然他承認(rèn)自己掌握了英語，但有時(shí)他感到找到漢語的合適的英語翻譯很難。根據(jù)句意選D項(xiàng)。【答案】D【變式探究】Try not to cough more than you can _ since it may cause problems to your lungs. A. check Ballow Cstop Dhelp 【答案】D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析?？忌枵莆斩陶Zmore than one can help的意思 “盡量不”，故正確答案是D項(xiàng)。句意：盡量不要咳嗽，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)給你的肺帶來問題?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】高考常考的幾組動(dòng)詞詞義辨析1injure，hurt，wound，destroyinjure一般指在意外事故中受傷hurt是表示“傷害”的一般用法，既可指對(duì)肉體的傷害，也可指對(duì)情感的傷害wound常指外傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)爭、戰(zhàn)斗中造成的傷害destroy一般指徹底損壞，常譯成“毀壞，損壞”I didnt want to hurt his feelings.我不想傷害他的感情。He was wounded in the battle.他在戰(zhàn)斗中負(fù)過傷。2beat，hit，strike，defeat，winbeat表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接連地打，擊”，還可表示“打敗，勝過”hit表示對(duì)準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)打一下，強(qiáng)調(diào)擊中strike表示突然性或一次性的擊打defeat(beat)是指“擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝”，賓語通常是人或集體win是“(在中)獲勝”或“贏”的意思，賓語通常為war，match，game，prize，medal，respect，battle等名詞Our team beat the American team by eight.我們隊(duì)以超過美國隊(duì)八分的成績戰(zhàn)勝了。She hit him out of anger.她生氣地打了他一下。The tower was struck by lightning.該塔被閃電擊中了。He defeated all the other participants and won the prize.他擊敗了其他參賽者，獲了獎(jiǎng)?！惧\囊妙計(jì)，戰(zhàn)勝自我】adopt，attach，adapt，adjust的區(qū)別adoptvt. 采取，采納；收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)attachvt. 把附(在上)；重視attach much importance to. 非常重視adaptvt. 適應(yīng)；adapt oneself to 適應(yīng)于adjustvt. 適應(yīng)，調(diào)整；adjust oneself to 適應(yīng)于This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at all.這個(gè)桌子可以根據(jù)你需要的高度而調(diào)整，而且一點(diǎn)也不貴。Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.為了保持平衡，中國政府最近通過了一項(xiàng)鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生去農(nóng)村就業(yè)的政策。Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.父母親都非常重視教育。他們會(huì)盡自己最大的努力給予孩子們無價(jià)的饋贈(zèng)易錯(cuò)起源2、考查動(dòng)詞短語的用法和意義 例2Body language can give a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.【答案】away【名師點(diǎn)睛】多記一些常見動(dòng)詞及短語的含義和用法并學(xué)會(huì)在特定語境中靈活運(yùn)用。以下為常見短語動(dòng)詞 :一、動(dòng)詞 + 介詞/副詞 短語 例句Act on照行事He acts on principles.answer for對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)You will answer for what youve done.Arm.against帶武器以防He armed himself against wild animals.agree with同意(某人)I agree with her.agree to同意(建議等)They agreed to the proposal.apree on(in)同意商定(問題，條件等)They agreed on the question.arrive atin到達(dá)(某地)He arrived in Nanjing at five oclock yesterday mornring.Atm at 瞄準(zhǔn)He aimed the gun at the bird.Ask after 問候My fater asked after you.Ask for 請(qǐng)求The boy asked for more food.borrowfrom從借來He borrowed a like from Mary.believe in 信任We all believe in her.belong to 屬于The house belongs to me.burst into突然起來She burst into tears at the news.begin at從(頁)開始Today we shall begin at page 40.Babe.on 根據(jù)he based the conclusion on experiments.beat about the bush繞彎子Tell me the truth. Dont beat about the bush.Consist of由組成The society consists of five members.congratulateon祝賀We congratulated her on winning the contest.come to an end 結(jié)束The talk come to an end at ten.compareto 把比作He compared the young to the rising sun.comparewith同相比She compared the blue pen with the red pen.carebr喜歡；照料He doesnt care for playing football.Changefor用交換He changed his radio for a recorder.ChanSe fromto從轉(zhuǎn)到She changed from team A to team B.clear up 放晴The weather cleared up in the afternoon.come across偶然碰到I came across an old friend in the street.come into想出；進(jìn)入An idea suddenly came into my mind.ca11 up 打電話I shall call her up soon.Csll for 叫(人)He will call for you in the evening.call for 為叫喊He heard someone calling for help.cdll on 訪問(某人)She will call on a friend on Sunday.cdll on 號(hào)召The Party called on us to study hard.Cure.of 治愈Fhe medicine cured him of his pain.depend on 依靠He depended on his mother in life.disagree with與意見不同He disagreed with her over the plan.Die of 因病、饑餓等而死The man died of cancer.Die from 因傷、意外等而死The died man died from a serious wound.Die for 為而死He died for the people.devote to把用于she devoted all her money to huvine books.enged in 從事，忙于He is engaged in writing new book.End with以結(jié)束The party ended with dancing.fail in在失敗She failed in winning the game.find out查明He has not found out the trouble yet.give up 放棄Never give up hope.give over克服，渡過Youll soon get over your shyness.Get on(off) 上車(下車)She got on the bus at Gulou Square.Get on進(jìn)展He is getting on well in the work.Get ready for準(zhǔn)備好He has got ready for the journey.Get in 收進(jìn)The peasants got in the wheat in May.grow up 長大，發(fā)展The children have already grown up.give in 投降(讓步)They gave in at last.Get up 起床She gets up early every morning.Go on 繼續(xù)The meeting went on deep into the night.go all out 竭盡全力They went all out to build the airport.So through通過；細(xì)察She went through the book before buying it.go over復(fù)習(xí)，看一遍She went over the lessons for three times.go down(日，月)落下，下沉The moon has gone down.go without 放棄，沒有也行He had to go without food.Hand in交進(jìn)來They handed in their papeps.Have nothing to do with 與無關(guān)He has nothing to do with the matter.Have some thing to do with 與無關(guān)Does she have anything to do with the case?Head for 朝去The ship is heading for the nearest port.Help with 幫助He helped her with her English.Help.in在幫助He helped her in study in English.Hope for 希望(得到)She hoped for Mary to come.introduceto介紹She introduced me to her father.inspirewith以激發(fā)He inspired them with courage.insist on堅(jiān)持She insisted on doing it that way.interfere with(in) 妨礙；干涉Dont interfere With his work.join in 參加(活動(dòng))she also joined in the dancing.join sb. in 加入某人從事He joined us in watering the tees.keep on 繼續(xù)She kept on making experinents.Knock at敲(門等)Someone is knocking at the door.loog for渴望Im longing for a letter from him.look up查尋；向上看He is looking up a new word in the dictionary.look uponas把看作Do you look upon him as a good friend?learnby heart 背會(huì)She has learnt it by heart.Leave for動(dòng)身去He is leaving for Nanjing next week.look for尋找The police are looking for the lost car.Lie in 位于The town lies in the hills.live on 靠生活，以為主食Sheep live on grass.laugh at 對(duì)笑，嘲笑Dont laugh at others.look throut 翻閱；瀏覽The boy looked through the picture book.Mixwith 同混合Oil and water cant mix with each other.meetwith 遇到She met with some difficulties.make up ones mind 決定He has made up his mind what to say.Owe to 歸功于He owed all his success to his parents.Operate on為手術(shù)He operated on the wounded soldier.Putinto 把放入She put the book into the bag.play with 玩The boy played with a toy tank.Put up 舉起They put up their hands.Put up掛起She put up a picture on the wall.Put off 推達(dá)The match is put off owing to the rain.Point out 指出The teacher pointed out his mistakes.preside over 主持(會(huì)議)Who is to preside over the meeting?present.with 贈(zèng)送He presented her with a gold watch.Putacross 使理解(相信)She didnt put the meaning across very well.Preventfrom 阻止The snow prevented him from coming.persist in 堅(jiān)持He persisted in doing that.Put.into practice實(shí)施We shall put the plan into practice.quarrel over 為爭吵They quarrelled over the property.quarrel with 同爭吵She quanelled with her mother.Reply to 答復(fù)He hasnt replied to me yet.recover from 恢復(fù)She has recovered from her illness.Rely on 依靠He relied on his daughter in the past.refrain from 設(shè)法不，忍住Please refrain from smoking.Rob.of.搶走The pain robbed him of sleep.Run over 輾過去The bus run over his legs.result from 由引起His illness results from overeating.result in 導(dǎo)致Overeating results in his illness.Remember sb.to代問好Please remember me to your mother.Set about 著手干They set about the work at once.Set out 出發(fā)They set out at dawn.succeed in 成功He succeeded in passing the exam.Speak off 說到She once spoke of the book to me.Supply.with提供They supplied the soldiers with weapons.share in分擔(dān)(享)He shared in her joys and sorrows.share sth with sb 與某人共同使用She shared a room with others.settle in安頓下來He settled in a small town.See through 看透I have already seen through the man.See to it 保證See to it that the work is done well.send for 派人請(qǐng)We have sent for the doctor.Stand by 支持Well stand by you in your hour of need.Stand of 代表What does “U.S,” stand far?spendon花費(fèi)She spent a lot of money on books.show around 帶參觀He showed the guests around the city.talk about 談?wù)搘hat are you taking about ?over 渡過lie has tided over his illness.turn against 背叛She will never turn against her country.turn into 變成Water can turn into gas.turn to 翻到，轉(zhuǎn)向Please turn to page 10.think of 想念We think of you all the time.think about(of) 考慮They are thinking about buying it.turn on 打開Please turn on the radio.turn off 關(guān)掉Please turn off the lights in the room.tellfrom 區(qū)分I cant tell her from her sister.take off 脫去She asked him to take off the cost.turn out 關(guān)掉He forgot to turn out the gas.turn out 生產(chǎn)The factory turns ont 100 cars per day.turn round 繞著轉(zhuǎn)The earth turns round the sun.turn up 出現(xiàn)He didnt turn up until eleven oclock.to begin with 首先To begin with,we are short of money.wait for 等待We shall wait for you at the school gate.watch out for提防We should watch out for the enemy.write to給寫信He wrote to me last week.wake up 醒來She usually wakes up at five.wipe out 消滅The enemy troops have been wiped out.watch over 照看The old should watch over the young.二、過去分詞 + 介詞 （這類短語常同連系動(dòng)詞連用）短 語例句be absorbed in全神貫注于he is absorbed in reading.be brudened with負(fù)重he is burdened with a heavy load.be connected with同有關(guān)，同有聯(lián)系He is no longer connected with the company.be covered with覆蓋The road is covered with snow.be crowded with 擠滿She is dressed in red.be dressed in穿著She is dressed in red.be engaged to與訂婚Mary is engaged to John.be equipped with 裝備He is experienced in mending bikes.be experienced in對(duì)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)He is experienced in mending bikes.be filled with 填滿The hole is filled with ants.be furnished with 提供，布置They are furnished with enough food.be interested in對(duì)有興趣He is interested in the picture.be joined to連接，結(jié)合One pipe is joined to another.be known as因而知名He is known as a painter.be known for因而出名The hill is known for the templebe looked on as作為看待He is looked on as their leader.be made into被制成，使成為The boy was made into an artist.be made up of由構(gòu)成A car is made up of many different parts.be married to與結(jié)婚She is married to a musician.be pleased with對(duì)喜歡，滿意He is pleased with the work.be prepared for準(zhǔn)備好They are prepared for the journey.be regarded as被認(rèn)為He is regarded as the greatest poet.be satisfied with對(duì)滿意I am satisfied with your answer.be ashamed of對(duì)感到羞愧She is ashamed of her action.be tired of(sth)對(duì)厭煩He is tired of this kind of life.be terrified at被嚇一跳He is rerrified at the snake.三、動(dòng)詞 + 名詞 +介詞 短語例句apply ones mind to專心于He applied his mind to study.catch sight of瞧見，看見I caught sight of her just now.catch(take)hold of抓住He caught hold of the girl by the hand.devote oneself to獻(xiàn)身于，專心于She devotes herself to eaching.devote ones life to為獻(xiàn)身He devotes his life to the research.do(great)harm to對(duì)危害(大)The rain has done great harm to the crops.do(great)wrong to冤枉，委屈Dont do wrong to an innocent person.feel pity for對(duì)感到憐憫He felt pity for the poor girl.Fix ones eyes on 凝視He fixed his eyes on the girl.form the habit of 養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣He has formed the habit of getting up early.Get a good hold of 抓牢He got a good hold of the rope.Get in touch with 同取得聯(lián)系I got in touch with her by phone.Get ird of 除去，擺脫She has got rid of the had abit.give dvice on提出建議He gave advice on city planning.have none of不允許，不接受He will have none of your empty promise.have trust in 相信She had trust in him.have (no) difficulty in (沒)有困難He has difficultjy in doing the work .have a word with同談話I want to have a word with you.have trouble in 在有麻煩She had trouble in the matter.have a look at 看一下Let me have a good at it.have words with 同口角(爭吵)He had words with his wife.have (show) interest in 對(duì)有興趣He has great intertst in this kind of film.have(deep)effect on 對(duì)有(深遠(yuǎn))影響The book has great effect on his life.have mercy on 同情，憐憫He has no mercy on the poor old man.have(take)pity on 同情He has great pity on the sick boy.have the honour of有幸he has the honour of meeting her there.help oneself to請(qǐng)吃；自用Please help yourself to some fruit.keep a record of記錄She kept a record of her daily life.make friends with 同交朋友He made fridnds with a foreign girl.make fun of取笑Dont make fun of him.make(the)best use of 充分利用They make the best use of the money.make(good，full)use of (很好，充分)利用You shold make good use of your time.make an apology to向道歉He made an apology to her.make ones way to走向He made his way to the house.make preparations for 準(zhǔn)備She is making preparations for the holiday.make a dive for 猛沖The dog make a dive for the bone.make a mistake about為產(chǎn)生誤會(huì)Dont made a mistake about her.make a study of 研究，學(xué)習(xí)I shall make a study of the plan.Pay attention to 注意He paid much attention to her life.pass a judgement on判決The court passed a judgement on the case.Put ones heart and soul into全神貫注于She put her heart and sould into the work.Set fire to放火、點(diǎn)火They set fire to the home.Show respect for 尊敬They show respect for the old.show mercy ot 同情Never show mercy to the enemy.Say good-bey to 向道別They said good-bey to each other.Say hello to 打招呼He said hello to the students.Set an example to樹立榜樣He set an example to the young.shake hands with握手They shook hands with each other.take aim at 瞄準(zhǔn)He took careful aim at the other.take the side of 支持，站在一邊They took the side on the government.throw light on 闡明，使人明白His explanation threw light on the poem.take pride in 因而自豪She took pride in her success.take part in 參加They took an active part in sports.take delight in 以為樂He tood great delight in travel.take a message for捎個(gè)口信Please take a message for her.四、動(dòng)詞 + 副詞 + 介詞短語例句Add up to 總計(jì)為The income adds up to 1000 dollars.break away from 改掉，與脫離關(guān)系he has broken away from the bad habit.be up to應(yīng)由，輪到It is up to her to answer the question.Cut down on 削減He has cut down on expese.catch up with 趕上I can catchup with them.beat down on 直射The sun beats down on the earth.come up to達(dá)到(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))比得上The result didnt come up to our expectations.Com up against 遭到(反對(duì)、困難)The plan came up with them.do well in在做得好He does well in the work.drop in on 順便來訪He drops in on us sometimes.do away with 廢除They have done away with the old law.face up to面對(duì)，承擔(dān)We must face up to the fact.Fit in with 適合，符合The clothes fit in with her.fall back on 依靠He has a good friend to fall back on.Get through with 完成，花光They have got through with the work.Get down to 開始認(rèn)真做Lets get down to business.Get on(along)with 進(jìn)展，相處He got on well with people here.Get out of 從出來，擺脫He got out of debt.go on with 繼續(xù)They went on with the meeting.go ahead of 先行He went ahead of them.go back of 背信，背棄He went back on his promise.Got out of從出來A rabbit went out of the hole.go in for參加，愛好He has gone in for the long jump.grow out of 產(chǎn)生自The tall tree grows out of a small seed.go ahead with進(jìn)行，繼續(xù)下去He went ahead with the work and got it done.keep up with 跟上She cant keep up with others.live up to 不辜負(fù)We shall live up to his teachings.look out for 提防，照看Look out for cars when crossing the street.look up to尊敬，仰望They all looked up to him as their leader.look back upon 回顧He likes to look back upon his school days.look down upon不輕視，重視Dont look down upon him.look forward to 盼望Dont look down upon him.Put up with 忍受，容忍I just cant put up with that kind of man.Run up against 遇到We often run up against new words.Ran out of 用完I have run out of ink.think higlly of 高度評(píng)價(jià)They think highly of his new novel.watch out for 當(dāng)心，提防Watch out for thieves in the street.work hard at 努力于He works hard at his lessons.五、動(dòng)詞 + 介詞短語例句arrive at a conclnsion得出結(jié)論They arrived at a conclusion at last.burst into pieces 成為碎片The glass has burst into pieces.burst into tears 突然大哭She burst into tears at the news.burst into laughter突然大笑The girls burst into laughter.come to sbs help (aid)前來援助某人Some boys came to her help.come to the rescue前來營救The firemen came to the rescue.come into use開始使用，實(shí)施The new tool come into use two years ago.come into power當(dāng)權(quán)，執(zhí)政The king came into power last year.come into effect開始生效The new rule will come into effect soon.come into being產(chǎn)生，建立The custom came into being long long ago.come into light發(fā)亮The star came into light at dawn.come to conclusion得出結(jié)論They will come to a conclusion.do up ones hair梳理頭發(fā)She is doing up her hair.Fly into a temper耍脾氣He flew into a tempr at her words.Get into trouble陷入麻煩He has got into trouble in business.Get in a word插話Dont get in a word.help sb. to ones feet幫助某人站起來They helped her to her feet.make up ones mind下決心He has made up his mind to do it.play away ones time虛度光陰The man played away his time.plunge into sorrow使陷入悲傷He was plunged into deelp sorrow.Put sth. to use使用，利用You should put the dictionary to a good use.Set to work開始工作They set to work after a rest.take on a new look呈現(xiàn)新面貌The town has taken on a new look.【錦囊妙計(jì)，戰(zhàn)勝自我】1.動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語幾乎年年必考，所涉及到的動(dòng)詞知識(shí)都是常用，的常見的。2.平時(shí)要進(jìn)行大量的閱讀，在閱讀中去理解動(dòng)語短語get,come,look put,turn,take,send set,carry,call,