（湖北專用）2015屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題限時(shí)檢測(cè)（十五）閱讀理解之科普類

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1、專題限時(shí)檢測(cè)(十五)　閱讀理解之科普類 (共3篇，限時(shí)24分鐘) A (2014·合肥第三次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Scientists in UK have grown a living human “brain”. The team at Aston University created tiny bunch of cells which act like a mini nervous system. They believe it could help find a cure for worse mental conditions like Parkinson’s disease. Pro

2、fessor Michael Coleman is leading the research program. He explained，“We are aiming to be able to study the human brain at the most basic level, using an actual living human cell system. Cells have to be alive and operating efficiently to enable us to really understand how the brain works.” The expe

3、riment involves changing cells from a cancer tumour(腫瘤) and making them behave like brain cells. Although far from finished, researchers hope the false brain cells will give them a greater understanding of how real brains work. This, in turn, could significantly further research into conditions whi

4、ch affect the brain. Neil Hunt, chief leader of the research group, said，“It is still very early days, but in the future the research could lead to a useful tool for looking into dementia (癡呆)．” The technique could also provide a way to carry on animal test and is being supported by the Humane Rese

5、arch Trust (HRT). The scientists predict that over the next ten years a million people will develop dementia. Professor Coleman believes their findings could change this. He said，“We hope our research will provide scientists with a new and highly relational human experimental model to help them unde

6、rstand the brain better and develop new drugs to control the related disease. However, the biggest challenge at present is that we are greatly short of fund, which will slow our research.” 1．UK scientists grow a living human “brain” in order to ________. A．study the structure of human brain B．mak

7、e use of living human cell system C．discover how human brain really works D．separate cells from a cancer tumour 2．According to Neil Hunt, research into brain cells ________. A．will get finished as early as possible B．will make people discover dementia C．will affect the brain growth in many way

8、s D．will help to treat some diseases in nerve system 3．From the last paragraph, we can know that ______. A．the technique provided by HRT is immature B．a(chǎn)nimal tests are no longer allowed by law C．a(chǎn) million people suffer from brain diseases D．the research program lacks financial support 4．The t

9、ext is intended to ________. A．tell us about a breakthrough in medical research B．introduce a research program in human’s brain C．introduce the progress of drugs for dementia D．tell us about health problem in nerve system B (2014·天門高三質(zhì)檢)High-tech glasses developed at Washington University Scho

10、ol of Medicine in St. Louis may help surgeons visualize cancer cells, which glow blue when viewed through the eyewear. Cancer cells are notoriously difficult to see, even under high-powered magnification. The glasses are designed to make it easier for surgeons to distinguish cancer cells from health

11、y cells, helping to ensure that no tumor cells are left behind during surgery. “We’re in the early stages of this technology, and more development and testing will be done, but we’re certainly encouraged by the potential benefits to patients，” said breast surgeon Julie Margenthaler, MD, an associat

12、e professor of surgery at Washington University. “Imagine what it would mean if these glasses got rid of the need for follow-up surgery and the associated pain, inconvenience and anxiety.” Current standard of care requires surgeons to remove the tumor and some neighboring tissue that may or may not

13、 include cancer cells. The samples are sent to a pathology(病理) lab and viewed under a microscope. If cancer cells are found in neighboring tissue, a second surgery is often recommended to remove additional tissue that is also checked for the presence of cancer. The glasses could reduce the need for

14、 additional surgical procedures and following stress on patients, as well as time and expense. Margenthaler said about 20 to 25 percent of breast cancer patients who have lumps removed require a second surgery because current technology doesn’t adequately show the extent of the disease during the f

15、irst operation.“Our hope is that this new technology will reduce or ideally eliminate the need for a second surgery，” she said. In a study published in the Journal of Biomedical Optics, researchers noted that tumors as small as 1 mm in diameter (the thickness of about 10 sheets of paper) could be d

16、etected. Ryan Fields, MD, a Washington University assistant professor of surgery and surgeon of Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, plans to wear the glasses later this month when he operates to remove a melanoma from a patient. He said he welcomes the new technology, which theoretically could be used

17、to visualize any type or cancer. “A limitation of surgery is that it’s not always clear to the naked eye the distinction between normal tissue and cancerous tissue，” Fields said.“With the glasses developed by Samuel Achilefu, PhD, professor of Washington University, we can better identify the tissu

18、e that must be removed.” 5．The ultimate goal of developing the new technology is ________. A．to distinguish cancer cells from healthy ones B．to inspire hope for life in cancer patients C．to make sure no cancer cell is left behind D．to reduce the risk of cancer surgery 6．The underlined word “el

19、iminate” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________. A．meet B．remove C．feel D．resist 7．What can be inferred from the passage? A．The glasses are developed by Ryan Fields and Samuel Achilefu. B．The glasses glow blue when finding tissues including cancer cells. C．Tumors as small as 1 cm

20、 in diameter could be detected by the glasses. D．Much remains to be done before the technology can be widely used. 8．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Special glasses help surgeons“see” cancer B．A new technology has been used in surgery C．Patients will benefit fr

21、om a new technology D．Cancer is no longer a threat to people C (2014·南京師大附中高三模擬)Consumer electronics once again topped the list of the most wanted gifts this holiday season.“Seventy-six percent of consumers who plan to buy holiday gifts say that they will spend money buying at least one technolog

22、y product; definitely a solid vote of confidence for technology.”Steve Koenig is with the Consumer Electronics Association.He says the group’s latest research also shows that Americans this year are spending more on technology products. “Here in 2012，$252 on average — the technology spend for consu

23、mers this year.”From tablet computers to smartphones, American shoppers have been lining up to get the newest and coolest electronic devices on the market.There are more choices today than ever before.“It’s kind of hard to make a decision.” Tablet computers are one of the best-selling products this

24、 year.Brian Tong is Senior Editor of CNET.com.The website reports on tech news and examines the latest electronic products.He says the Apple iPad Mini is one of the most popular tablets.Its starting price is $329.One of Apple’s biggest competitors is the Google Nexus 7.It starts at $199. “The hardw

25、are inside is more powerful than what’s in the iPad Mini, but also it offers you a lot of things like maps that work better than Apple’s maps.”Brian Tong says there is one reason why people may like the iPad Mini more than the Nexus 7.“If you just want to read books and surf the Internet, you don’t

26、really need to get an iPad Mini, but if you want the largest group of apps that’s where the iPad and Apple’s ecosystem shines the most.” Elman Chacon is with the electronics store Best Buy. He says another hot product this season is smart cameras. They connect to the Internet through Wi-Fi. This m

27、akes it easy for users to email or upload photographs directly from the camera. “You can literally take a picture, upload it into your Facebook in a matter of seconds. These things are pretty cool because they do a lot of things.” Streaming media boxes also connect to the Internet. People are able

28、to watch web content such as movies and YouTube videos on their televisions. Another popular item is wireless speaker systems. The newest ones work with any device that has Bluetooth technology, including smartphones, laptops and tablets. With the growing popularity of Internet shopping，many consum

29、ers will visit a store first to look at a product，and then go online to find it at a lower price.Stores like Best Buy understand that and they want to stay competitive. “We have something called the perfect match promise which means if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days

30、 we’ll go ahead and price match that for you.”Elman Chacon said. 9．According to Brain Tong，________. A．the Apple’s iPad Mini is more suitable for enthusiastic readers B．the hardware in iPad Mini is more advanced than that in Nexus 7 C．Nexus 7 has fewer apps than iPad Mini D．iPad Mini is more e

31、co-friendly 10．If you’ve discovered that a certain device you bought at Best Buy is more expensive than one at another store，________. A．you are sure to get double the amount you paid B．you can return the device and get your money back C．the store will return the price differences D．the store

32、will lower the price within 30 days 11．Which of the following would be the best gift for a cab driver? A．Smart cameras. B．Streaming media boxes. C．Wireless speaker systems. D．Tablet computers. 答 案 語篇解讀：本文是一篇科普類說明文。主要介紹了英國科學(xué)家們正在進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)腦細(xì)胞的實(shí)驗(yàn)，希望通過這樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)芨玫乩斫馊祟惔竽X結(jié)構(gòu)，從而幫助人們治療一些腦部疾病。 1．選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題

33、。根據(jù)第二段中的“We are ... the brain works.”可知，他們希望通過這樣的研究試驗(yàn)來理解人腦是如何工作的。故選C。 2．選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“It is still ... dementia(癡呆)．”可知，現(xiàn)在研究尚處于初期，但將來可能會(huì)成為研究癡呆疾病的有效手段。故選D。 3．選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“However, the biggest ... our research.” 可知，現(xiàn)在研究最大的問題是缺少資金。故選D。 4．選B　寫作意圖題。本文屬于科普類說明文，主要介紹了英國科學(xué)家們正在進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)腦細(xì)胞的實(shí)驗(yàn)，希望通

34、過這樣的實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)芨玫乩斫馊祟惔竽X結(jié)構(gòu)，從而幫助人們治療一些腦部疾病。故選B。 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。美國的學(xué)者發(fā)明了一種可視眼鏡，能夠清楚地“看見”癌細(xì)胞，而且這種眼鏡有助于確保手術(shù)時(shí)不留下任何癌細(xì)胞，避免患者再次做手術(shù)。 5．選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“helping to ensure that no tumor cells are left behind during surgery”可知，這種眼鏡有助于確保手術(shù)時(shí)不留下癌細(xì)胞，這就是發(fā)展這種新技術(shù)的最終目標(biāo)。故選C。 6．選B　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第一句中的“Margenthaler said...have

35、lumps removed require a second surgery” 可知，20%至25%的乳腺癌患者接受首次手術(shù)切除腫瘤后，還需再次手術(shù)，由此結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可推知，此處指希望這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)能夠減少甚至完全消除再次手術(shù)的必要性，因此畫線詞的詞義與 remove 最為接近。故選B。 7．選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“We’re in the early stages of this technology，and more development and testing will be done”可知，這一技術(shù)尚未得到廣泛利用，因此它處于研究初期，需要進(jìn)行更多的改進(jìn)和測(cè)試工作，因此D項(xiàng)

36、符合題意。故選D。 8．選A　標(biāo)題概括題。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“High-tech glasses developed at Washington University School of Medicine in St.Louis may help surgeons visualize cancer cells”并結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，文章介紹的是一種特別的眼鏡，它可以幫助外科醫(yī)生“看見”癌細(xì)胞，因此“Special glasses help surgeons’see’cancer”最適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了幾種電子產(chǎn)品以供人們送禮物時(shí)選擇，包括蘋果手

37、機(jī)、無線揚(yáng)聲器、平板電腦、智能相機(jī)和多媒體音箱等。 9．選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，Brain Tong 認(rèn)為 Nexus 7 的應(yīng)用程序沒有 iPad Mini 多。故C項(xiàng)正確。 10．選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“...if you buy a certain device and you find it cheaper within 30 days we’ll go ahead and price match that for you.”可知，如果你在三十天內(nèi)在 Best Buy 上所購的商品價(jià)格過高，則 Best Buy 可以退還差價(jià)。故C項(xiàng)正確。 11．選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第三句“Another popular item is wireless speaker systems.”并結(jié)合出租車司機(jī)的工作特點(diǎn)可知，無線揚(yáng)聲器最適合作為出租車司機(jī)的禮物。故C項(xiàng)正確。